UJ #17 - Traditional Peru

TRADITIONAL 

PERU 

A COLOURFUL JOURNEY INTO PERU’S FOLKLORE AND 

MAIN FESTIVITIES 

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Living legacy on the platforms of Moray, the Inca agricultural laboratory. 

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INDEX 

JANUARY 

ANNIVERSARY OF LIMA / 10 

FEBRUARY 

FESTIVITY OF THE VIRGIN OF 

CANDELARIA / 16 

MAY 

PILGRIMAGE TO THE SANCTUARY OF 

THE LORD OF QOYLLORITI / 34 

JUNE 

INTI RAYMI / 40 

SEPTEMBER 

INTERNATIONAL SPRING 

FESTIVAL / 58 

OCTOBER 

MONTH OF THE LORD OF THE 

MIRACLES / 64 

This edition of Ultimate 

Journeys - Travel in Peru was 

produced by LimaTours’ 

marketing team. 

UJ GENERAL DIRECTOR 

Gerardo Sugay 

CONTENT DIRECTOR 

Gerardo Sugay 

Ana Paula Albín 

Ximena Arrieta 

GENERAL EDITOR 


COORDINATION 

Karla Huertas 

ART DIRECTOR 

LimaTours

MARCH 

INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF 

THE VENDIMIA / 22 

APRIL 

HOLY WEEK / 28 

JULY 

FESTIVITY OF THE VIRGEN DEL 

CARMEN OF PAUCARTAMBO / 46 

NOVEMBER 

DAY OF THE DEATH / 70 

AUGUST 

ANNIVERSARY OF AREQUIPA / 52 

DECEMBER 

CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS / 76 

MORE 

CELEBRATIONS / 82 

GRAPHIC DESIGN 

Sergio Salazar 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Juan Diego León 

EDITORIAL STAFF 


PHOTOGRAPHS 

LimaTours Archive 

PromPerú Archive 

Diego del Río 

Diego Oliver 

Diego Nishiyama 

COVER PAGE PHOTO 

CREDIT 

Renzo Giraldo / PromPerú

EDITORIAL 

Private sailing on Lake Titicaca, the world’s highest navigable lake. 

DEAR READER: 

This edition of Ultimate Journeys – Travel in Peru is a special one. It explores the festive and legendary spirit that 

encompasses Peru’s essence. Unlike our previous editions, this magazine pays homage to present-day Peru, 

celebrating what makes it so rich: its people and their traditions. 

The best way to fully experience and appreciate Peru’s cultural heritage in all its splendour is through its various 

festivities. Each region, city, and small town has its own series of rites and rituals that set them apart from neighbours 

near and far; and each celebration is infused with the distinct personality of these individual places and their proud 

inhabitants. 

Peruvians always seem to be celebrating something. Many of these fiestas are rooted in legacies that have been 

inherited across generations, legacies that reflect the syncretism between the Inca and Colonial histories. Whether 

it is an anniversary or a religious ceremony, every celebration is executed with the same mystic devotion. 

Discover the stories behind each festivity: its origin, the fiesta itself, and what it represents. This edition features a 

basic, chronological guide of the various celebrations held across the country – perfect for those looking to make 

the most of their time in Peru. 

Revel in an unforgettable adventure through Peru’s cities, traditions and delicious dishes. Get to know the country 

through its worship rituals and celebrations – from the pay to the Pachamama to the procession of the Lord of the 

Miracles, from Inti Raymi to the marvellous Grape Harvest or Vendimia. Despite the encroaching modernity and the 

global attention that has come with it, Peru remains a place of mysteries, honouring its rich past full of un-answered 

questions and undeniable devotion. 

Happy reading and enjoy! 

Your friends at LimaTours. 

Design and management of tour programmes, in all areas of the company 

(quotation, product design, suppliers management, Lima operations, billing 

and collection)

CURRENT ISSUES 

Media 

CURRENT ISSUES 

Mistura, one of the biggest gastronomic events in Latin America, is 

returning to its original location this year: Lima’s Costa Verde in the 

district of Magdalena. From the last week of August throughout 

the first week of September, dozens of stands showcasing the 

incredible variety and wealth of Peruvian products and local 

edible delights will be visited by hundreds of people. LimaTours 

will be offering a special programme to our passengers who look 

to make the most of this mouth-watering event. 

CUSCO AND 

SANTIAGO, 

CLOSER THAN 

EVER 

THE DAKAR RALLY 

WILL BE 100% PERU 

Apega 

For the first time in history, the Dakar Rally will be held in only 

one country: Peru. The 2019 edition of the Off-Road Race – the 

most important car race in the world – will take place from the 

6th to the 17th of January. Beginning and ending in Lima, the 10 

legs of the race will traverse through exciting Peruvian territory. 

Thanks to Dakar’s importance and following, Peru will not only 

experience better international exposure, but will also receive 

an increase in visitors as fans make their way to witness this 

automobile spectacle. 

Apega 

MISTURA 

BY THE SEA 

Starting the 15th of August, Latam Airlines will begin operating 

direct flights between Cusco and Santiago, Chile. The flights 

will be available three times per week (Tuesdays, Wednesdays, 

and Saturdays), departing from Cusco in the morning and from 

Santiago in the afternoons. Flights will be chartered on Airbus 

A319 planes, which can carry up to 144 passengers. This new 

service looks to better connect the two cities and reduce the 

amount of flight traffic through Lima. 

8 

LimaTours

LimaTours 

Inkaterra La Casona 

The prestigious National Geographic magazine included Inkaterra 

La Casona Hotel on its list of the most iconic hotels in the world. 

Located in a XVI Century mansion where Peruvian icons Simon 

Bolivar and Diego de Almagro spent time, the Casona was the 

first boutique hotel in the city of Cusco. The establishment was 

recognized for its superior Peruvian-influenced cuisine, and its 

luxury spa that uses local botanicals, amongst other outstanding 

qualities. “These hotels are guaranteed to enrich any travel 

experience,” assures the magazine. 

PERU, THE THIRD 

BEST DESTINATION 

FOR INCENTIVES 

INKATERRA LA CASONA 

AMONGST THE MOST 

ICONIC HOTELS 

Peru proudly houses two of the top restaurants chosen within the ranking 

of the ‘World’s 50 Best Restaurants’, an award ceremony that takes place 

in Spain. Chef Virgilio Martinez’ Central was ranked as number six, while 

Mitsuharu Tsumura’s Maido came in at number seven. Additionally, chef 

Gaston Acurio’s career trajectory and the role he played in Peru’s relatively 

recent gastronomic revolution was honoured and celebrated, as he was 

awarded the Diner’s Club Lifetime Achievement Award. His restaurant, 

Astrid and Gaston, claimed the 39th spot on the prestigious list. 

Central 

CENTRAL AND 

MAIDO MAKE THE 

WORLD’S TOP 10 

The Creative Group multinational corporation included Peru 

in its list of best countries in the world for incentive trips. Our 

country occupied third place after Portugal and Croatia. “The 

listed destinations were chosen because of the quantity of 

activities and different landscapes you can get from one single 

place,” the company explained. Peru shines because of the 

interesting combination of history and urban architecture 

found in Lima, as well as the opportunity to experience the 

unforgettable Machu Picchu. 

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JANUARY | ANNIVERSARY OF LIMA 

JANUARY 

LIMA 

A CITY OF ROYALS 

AND MESTIZOS 

LimaTours 

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SINCE ITS FOUNDATION 

OVER 400 YEARS AGO, 

LIMA HAS UNDERGONE 

CONSTANT URBAN 

TRANSFORMATIONS. 

NONETHELESS, THIS 

CAPITAL CITY MAINTAINS 

AND HONOURS MUCH 

OF ITS PRE-INCAN 

AND COLONIAL PASTS, 

AS WELL AS THE RICH 

URBAN CULTURAL MIX 

THAT MAKES IT SO 

UNIQUE. 

January 18th 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

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JANUARY | ANNIVERSARY OF LIMA 

Lima is the capital of Peru, and its biggest city, with 

more than 9 million inhabitants. As the central hub 

of the country, it contains government and business 

headquarters, and emulates modernity while consciously 

respecting its history. 

A little over 483 years ago, on January 18th 1535, a 

Spanish explorer by the name of Francisco Pizarro 

founded Lima, The City of Kings. Since then, the calm city 

originally established next to the Rimac River – the main 

river during the Viceroyalty – has transformed into one 

of the main metropolis in South America. 

Lima is more than just tall buildings and transited 

streets, however. Lima is the Pacific Ocean, the Historic 

Centre – a UNESCO World Heritage Site -; it is good food, 

bohemian culture, and so much more. Thus, each year, 

on the city’s anniversary, we celebrate this unparalleled 

combination of history and modernity, of ceviche and 

pisco sour. 

When honouring Lima, one must return to where it all 

began: the Historic Centre. Before the Spanish even set 

foot on our coast, Lima was part of different cultures and 

empires – from the Ischma to the Inca. What is now the 

main plaza, the Main Square, was originally the site of an 

ancient government centre with impressive ceremonial 

structures. The area also formed part of the famed Qhapaq 

Ñan: a network of roads and paths over 60,000 kilometres 

long that unified the entire Inca Empire. 

It was upon these huacas that the Spanish conquistadors 

decided to build their own constructions. The palace 

of chief Taulichusco became the Government Palace 

the temple of Puma-Inti became the main Cathedral, 

and what was the ‘town hall’ became the Municipality. 

Meanwhile, the central corrals, where animals were kept, 

were replaced with a bronze fountain. The beautiful 

Gothic churches, bull-fighting plazas, and numerous 

other constructions became testaments to the 

importance of this thriving city. 

IN 1991 LIMA’S HISTORIC CENTRE WAS 

DECLARED A WORLD HERITAGE SITE BY 

UNESCO THANKS TO THE DEDICATION 

OF THE PATRONATO DE LIMA, CREATED 

BY EDUARDO R. ARRARTE, FOUNDER OF 

LIMATOURS. 

Following the independence, the economic crisis, and 

the War of the Pacific, however, Lima was left devastated 

and desolated. Soon there after, the city experienced a 

renaissance; the walls that surrounded the city to protect 

Rafael Cornejo / PromPerú 

LimaTours 

12 

The many churches within Lima’s Colonial 

Centre showcase colonial architecture. 

The parades are part of the city’s anniversary 

celebrations, in which all participate – big and small.

Lima is a perfect mix 

of past and present. 

Pictured, the Huaca 

Pucllana. 

LimaTours 

it from pirate attacks were torn down, and Lima began to 

expand. The neighbourhoods of Miraflores, Barranco, and 

Chorrillos were established, quickly becoming favourites 

amongst well-to-do Limeños, and mansions, wide avenues, 

trains, and trollies appeared as the city started to take a 

new, exciting shape. Today, modern areas continue to 

coexist with pre-Hispanic architecture – like the Huaca 

Pucllana – and parks full of history, like the Olivar. 

Besides the incredible aesthetic transformation Lima 

has undergone, the city’s essence has also changed 

considerably. Since the 1940’s, Lima was synonymous 

with progress for many of those living in the rural parts 

of Peru. Around this time, people began to migrate to 

the capital in search of economic opportunities, better 

education and healthcare. Over the years, millions of 

people have emigrated, bringing with them not only their 

physical baggage, but also, their substantial and important 

cultural loads. 

The result? An eccentric, diverse, and multicultural city. 

Lima’s gorgeous marinera dance now coexists with the 

traditionally Andean huayno; street signs have become 

bright and colourful – emblems of the urban chicha 

culture; ceviche is as recognized as quinua; it is not 

uncommon to hear cumbia on the radio, nor is it odd to 

hear Quechua spoken in the streets. All these things that 

once seemed so distant from the capital have become a 

part of it, enhancing the culture and adding more flavour 

into the local melting pot. 

LimaTours 

Lima is the only 

coastal capital in 

South America. 

Colour and tradition 

fill the city’s artisanal 

markets. 

For all these reasons, Lima’s anniversary is celebrated 

many different ways: with prayer, songs, dances, and 

fireworks that light up the sky. Big and small, we come 

together to celebrate our city: the historic, the modern, 

and the future Lima. A city that – while at times may 

seem noisy and chaotic – we are proud to call home. 

LIMEÑOS HAVE THEIR OWN 

DIALECT: ESPAÑOL RIBEREÑO, OR 

COASTAL SPANISH. INFLUENCED BY 

CASTILIAN SPANISH, THIS DIALECT 

IS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS LACK 

OF STRONG INTONATIONS. IT IS 

CURRENTLY SPOKEN THROUGHOUT 

THE COAST OF PERU. 

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PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 - January 16th 

Transfer from the airport to your hotel. 

In the afternoon, be part of the Creole 

Gala in the Municipal Theatre in the city 

centre. 


Lima 

Average 

temperature 

Max 22° C 

Min 16° C 

Altitude 

154 

m.a.s.l. 

Relax in your hotel during the morning. 

In the afternoon, visit the Larco Museum 

- one of the most important in the 

country - and the city centre. Finish your 

tour in the Main Square to enjoy the 

Anniversary serenade and the fireworks. 


In the morning, the official activities 

to celebrate the anniversary of Lima 

are held in the Main Square. By the 

afternoon, go to the Magic Circuit of 

Water to see the fountains. After that, 

enjoy a dinner with a folklore show and 

return to the hotel. 

LimaTours Larco Museum 


Transfer to the airport 

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FEBRUARY | FESTIVITY OF THE VIRGIN OF CANDELARIA

THE 

‘MAMACHA 

CANDELARIA’ 

FEBRUARY 

EVERY YEAR, PUNO 

BURSTS WITH 

COLOUR AND JOY 

IN HONOUR OF THE 

BELOVED VIRGIN OF 

CANDELARIA. THIS 

ICONIC FESTIVITY 

– CONSIDERED 

INTANGIBLE 

CULTURAL HERITAGE 

BY UNESCO – BRINGS 

THOUSANDS OF 

PEOPLE TOGETHER 

IN CELEBRATION. 

January 

February 1st 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Renzo Giraldo / PromPerú 

17

FEBRUARY | FESTIVITY OF THE VIRGIN OF CANDELARIA 


The heavens and the underworld come together once 

a year in Puno during one of the most important folkloric 

celebrations in Peru. Decorated in colourful outfits and 

terrifying masks, angels and devils take over the streets and 

dance for the Mamacha Candelaria during the internationally 

recognized festivity of the VirgIn of Candelaria. 

Throughout the first week of February, the streets of 

Puno are overcome with colour, music, and excitement. 

Thousands of people arrive from all over Peru to witness 

and partake in this celebration that highlights the 

harmonious coexistence of two of the most important 

cultural groups in southern Peru: the Quechua and 

the Aymara. These people are the beating heart of 

the celebration, sharing their customs, traditions, and 

energy with each other and the masses. 

The devotion for Puno’s Virgin of Candelaria dates back 

to the Spanish Viceroyalty. When the conquistadors 

arrived to Peru, they brought with them a new religion 

that was imposed on native communities. Nonetheless, 

most natives secretly maintained their beliefs and 

rituals – keeping the Andean worldviews alive. It is these 

IN 2014, UNESCO NAMED THE FIESTA 

OF THE VIRGEN DE CANDELARIA AN 

INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE EVENT. 


symbolic elements from ancient Andean beliefs that are 

highlighted and celebrated during this festivity. 

The ten-day celebration begins with an early morning 

‘dawn mass’ on the first day of February. That same night, 

a fire is lit in front of the church in order to ‘purify’ the 

attendees, while fireworks illuminate the sky. The next day, 

after morning mass, the image of the Virgin is taken out 

for a procession through the city, guided by her devotees. 

Two days later, one of the most popular and anticipated 

activities takes place as the thousands of dancers and 

musicians who have gathered in Puno have the chance 

to parade through the streets, showing off their best 

garments. Over 300 dance troops represent different 

dances, which include the caporales, the yapurichis, and 

the chacareros, among others. 

One of the most emblematic dances performed in 

honour of the Mamacha Candelaria, however, is the 

famous Diablada. Dressed in huge masks and elaborated 

The Enrique Torres 

Belón Stadium fills with 

people year after year. 

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Each dance troupes’ delicately 

elaborated mask tells a different story.

LimaTours 

outfits, the angels and the devils come face to face in a 

stunning choreography that depicts the confrontation of 

good and evil, of the Andean and the mestizo. The cast 

of the celebration can amount up to 500 people, among 

which there are the caporales or diablos mayores, the 

arcángeles, the chinas diablas, the diablezas, the diablos 

menores, and the musicians. 

LimaTours 

Musicians posing 

while waiting for 

the parade to 

begin. Thousands 

of them flock to 

Puno. 

LimaTours 

The Friday after the parade, music fills the city as the 

rest of the bands arrive, coming together to play songs 

throughout the night. On Saturday, the Virgin is once 

again celebrated in a morning mass, and around 3pm, 

the dance troops congregate in the main square and 

prepare for the final evening celebration. Dressed in 

their wonderful outfits, participants dance the night 

away, and fireworks light up the sky until dawn. 

Sunday brings with it the Grand National Dance Troop 

Competition. After months of practice, thousands of 

THERE ARE 300 DIFFERENT DANCES 

IN THE CITY OF PUNO, WHICH IS 

CONSIDERED THE “CAPITAL OF 

PERUVIAN FOLKLORE.” OVER 40 

THOUSAND DANCERS AND 9 THOUSAND 

MUSICIANS ARRIVE TO THE CITY EACH 

YEAR DURING THE CELEBRATION OF THE 

VIRGIN OF CANDELARIA. 

dancers take the stage in the Enrique Torres Belon 

Stadium, competing for honour and recognition. Locals 

and tourists come together to enjoy a day dedicated to 

art, and revel in the glory of one of the most culturally 

significant representations in the country – a tradition 

that has been passed down through generations. 

The Fiesta de la Candelaria is an expression of our faith 

and essence as Peruvians. Many people travel to Puno not 

for the festivities, but rather, because of their devotion to 

the Virgin, which they manifest through their art. 

The Waka 

Waka, a dance 

performed in 

honour of the 

Virgen de la 

Candelaria. 

The dancer’s movements embellish 

the festival’s performances. 

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PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Transfer to the hotel in Puno, with a stop 

in the Sillustani archaeological centre to 

see its impressive conical tombs. 

DAY 2 

Juliaca 

Puno 

Average 

temperature 

Max 15° C 

Min 1° C 

Altitude 

3,827 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1:40 hours by plane 

to Juliaca and 1 

hour to Puno by bus 

In the morning, be part of the mass 

in honour of the Virgin of Candelaria 

in Puno’s cathedral. Then, follow the 

procession of the Virgin and enjoy the 

traditional dances. 

LimaTours 


DAY 3 

Have fun at the festival with music and 

dancers. 

DAY 4 

Full Day at Uros island and Taquile. Visit 

this artificial floating islands made with 

totora; then go to Taquile, famous for 

the expertise of its residents in the art 

of knitting and their Inca legacy. 

DAY 5 

DAY 6 

DAY 7 

FESTIVAL DAY Get closer to Peruvian 

folklore in this night full of dance and 

music in the Sunrise festivity. 

FESTIVAL DAY Have a seat in the stadium 

to see the main event: the Dancing 

Contest. Then, come back to meet with 

the Virgin in the procession. 

Transfer to the airport 

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MARCH | INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF THE VENDIMIA 

MARCH 

VENDIMIA 

A CELEBRATION OF THE GRAPE 

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DURING THE FIRST 

WEEK OF MARCH, 

THE REGION OF 

ICA CELEBRATES 

ITS MOST BELOVED 

FRUIT: THE GRAPE. 

GROWN FOR WINE 

AND PISCO, THESE 

FRUITS THRIVE IN 

THE SUNNY AND 

DRY ENVIRONMENT 

OF THE AREA. THE 

VENDIMIA – OR 

GRAPE HARVEST 

- IS A MIXTURE OF 

TRADITION AND 

FINE FLAVOURS. 

January 

February 

First 

days of 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Daniel Silva / PromPerú 

23

MARCH | INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF THE VENDIMIA 

Pisco has become synonymous with Peru. The city of 

Pisco, from where the spirit gets its name, is located 

in the department of Ica, on Peru’s southern coast. Ica 

is known for housing the proliferating wine and pisco 

industry, boasting dozens of vineyards that thrive in the 

dry climate and rich soil. 

BESIDES WINE AND PISCO, THE 

CHINGUERITO IS ANOTHER POPULAR 

BEVERAGE DURING THE HARVEST 

FESTIVITIES. THIS CLASSIC DRINK IS 

MADE WITH FRESH GRAPE JUICE, PISCO, 

LIME, CINNAMON, AND CLOVE. 

LimaTours 

Each year, in honour of our famous grapes and the 

products they render, the month of March is dedicated 

to the International Vendimia Festival. It is during this 

time that we re-visit some of the glorious traditions 

behind the delicious pisco sour that has become our 

international calling card. 

After all the hard work, what better than to enjoy the final 

product? The Ruta de los Lagares - or wine press route 

– takes visitors on a tour through the main wineries in 

the area, many of which continue to produce wine and 

pisco in the same, traditional ways. As guests make their 

way, they learn about the elaboration process. Each day, 

a different winery prepares a series of activities for the 

visitors, and at the very end of all the events, everyone 

is invited to indulge in a series of tastings that showcase 

the flavours of our earth. 

The last day of the party, people head to the final event: 

the yunza, a lively tradition unique to Peru. Participants 

take turns trying to cut down a young tree decorated 

with balloons and gifts, one axe whack at a time. The tool 

– along with the wine – is passed from person to person, 

to the rhythm of the music, until the tree falls. Upon its 

fall, participants rush to pick up the gifts, and as tradition 

has it, the person who struck the last blow is in charge of 

organizing the next year’s yunza event. 

Traditional 

clay pisco jugs 

conserve our 

national spirit. 

The celebrations that surround planting and harvesting 

have taken place since pre-Inca times. Over the years, 

these customs have managed to survive, adapting to the 

many social changes that the country experienced, and 

transforming along way. In 1958, the first Fiesta de la 

Vendimia took place, and was so successful, that in 1965 

it began receiving international recognition. 

Great weather and an even better assortment of 

activities make Ica and its surroundings a wonderful 

place to visit any time of year. Cheers to that! 

Adrián Portugal / PromPerú 

All activities during the exciting harvest week revolve 

around the star crop: the grape. Bunches are cut and 

placed in baskets, before taking them to the designated 

press. It is here that the famous pigeage takes place, 

where men and women make their way into the press 

and stomp on the grapes with their bare feet, to the beat 

of Peruvian cajones. 

24 

The treading of the grapes” cambiar por 

“the pigeage of the grapes.

25

26

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Visit Paracas Reserve and have a boat 

ride to Ballestas Islands to wonder with 

its natural richness. After that, go for a 

glass of wine at sunset in a vineyard. 

DAY 2 

Ica 

Average 

temperature 

Max 25° C 

Min 12° C 

Altitude 

406 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

4 hours 

Begin your tour through different 

wineries to see the process to make 

wine and pisco. Then delight your 

palate with lunch surrounded by the 

countryside. 

Pisco 1615 

Pisco 1615 

DAY 3 

Learn about our pisco in a class of 

tasting and pairing. Continue touring 

the wineries. 

DAY 4 

Free morning to enjoy a pleasant walk 

through Paracas. In the afternoon, 

return to Lima. 

LimaTours 

27

APRIL | HOLY WEEK 

APRIL 

AYACUCHO 

A CELEBRATION 

OF LIFE 

28

EASTER WEEK 

CELEBRATION IS 

AYACUCHO’S MOST 

REVERED FESTIVITY. 

PROCESSIONS AND 

CELEBRATIONS 

FILL THE CITY, 

WHICH DESPITE 

TAKING A HARD 

HIT DURING TIMES 

OF INTERNAL 

CONFLICT, HAS 

MANAGED TO RISE 

FROM THE ASHES 

AND HONOUR ITS 

HISTORY. 

January 

February 

March 

First 

week of 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Gihan Tubbeh / PromPerú 

29

APRIL | HOLY WEEK 


Easter week is one of the catholic religion’s most 

important and representative traditions. Despite being 

celebrated across the globe, each area of the world has 

its own way of partaking in the festivities. 

In Peru, where 70% of the population is thought to be 

Catholic, Easter Week is widely honoured. Nonetheless, 

there is a part of the country in which this holiday is 

not only celebrated for its significance, but also for the 

tradition and fervour that accompany its rituals. 


In Ayacucho, located in Peru’s Sothern Andes, a church 

door opens in the pre-dawn darkness, letting out a 

brilliant gleam of light. The city’s main plaza is packed 

with people – from tourists to believers – all waiting, 

watching. The glow moves closer to the street and all of a 

sudden, a marvellous plinth over 10 meters high comes 

into view, holding a resurrected Jesus illuminated from 

head to foot with shining candles. 

AYACUCHO IS KNOWN AS THE ‘CITY OF 

CHURCHES.’ THERE ARE 33 TEMPLES 

IN THE CITY, MANY OF WHICH WERE 

BUILT DURING COLONIAL TIMES. THE 

FIRST EVER CHURCH IN THIS CITY 

WAS THE TEMPLE OF SAN CRISTOBAL, 

WHICH DATES BACK TO 1540. 

In Ayacucho, Easter Week lasts 10 days, beginning on the 

Friday before Palm Sunday. This day is marked by the 

procession of the Señor de Agonia, the Virgen Dolorosa, 

Saint John, and Veronica. 

The plinth of 

the Señor de la 

Resurrección 

illuminating the 

dawn sky in 

Ayacucho on a 

Sunday. 

Hundreds of 

flower ‘rugs’ 

adorn the 

procession 

path. 

This fascinating and moving ritual dates back to the time 

of the Viceroyalty. The Spanish arrived in Peru with many 

traditions, including the celebration of the Holy Week. 

The conquistadors, inspired by the way this date was 

celebrated in Seville, adopted the tradition. Today, the 

Holy Week fiesta held in Ayacucho is considered the 

second most important celebration of its kind in the 

world, after the one held in Seville. 

On Palm Sunday, Jesus enters the city as he did 

Jerusalem: riding a donkey, and surrounded by his 

apostles – 12 men dressed in traditional garments from 

the time. Meanwhile, the townspeople praise him with 

palm fronds in hand. Dry logs and palms are taken into 

the main plaza beforehand, where they will be used to 

light a grand fire on the last day of the celebration. 

On Wednesday, the moving ‘Procession of the Encounter’ 

paralyzes the city as Jesus of Nazareth is taken through the 

streets until reaching the plinth holding Veronica. Upon 

reaching this point, Jesus is inclined, and his face is washed. 

Veronica then departs in search of Saint John and Mary. 

The Virgin Mary is subsequently brought into the main 

plaza where she watches as her son approaches the cross. 

All of a sudden, both figures halt, their faces illuminated 

30



fair takes over the Acuchimay hillside, featuring local 

products, crafts, and food. Meanwhile, in Huamanga, 

the Pascuatoro takes place, and a bull is released in 

the streets as spectators flee to avoid getting trampled 

– much in the same style of what is done in San Fermin, 

Spain. As evening descends, Ayacucho’s main plaza fills 

with people singing and dancing in celebration. 

The worshipers 

cloak themselves 

in candlelight 

during the 

processions. 

The eloquence of 

Ayacucho’s Holy 

Week images as 

reflected on the 

face of the Virgen 

Dolorosa. 

only by the candles held by faithful devotees. In Ayacucho, 

every procession has a reason of being and a story to tell. 

On Maundy Thursday the processions cease and the 

townspeople spend the day touring the city’s churches. 

Then, on the eve of Good Friday, silence descends and 

the streets of the city fill with dozens of women dressed 

in black, who accompany the Virgen Dolorosa as she 

weeps and mourns before the Holy Tomb. 

It is not until Saturday morning that the atmosphere turns 

festive, as church bells ring throughout the city, marking 

the beginning of the celebration. A grand, traditional 

Then, back where we started: Easter Sunday, at the foot 

of Jesus’ plinth. Each detail on it has a specific significance 

that seamlessly ties in with the Andean worldview. 

Its triangular shape represents the mountains, the 

Apus; the wax figures that adorn it are in the shape of 

flowers and corn – offerings typically used to request 

a good harvest. As the plinth slowly advances through 

the crowds, making its way to the plaza, hundreds of 

people take turns carrying it on their shoulders. Here, 

it is not about an exclusive brotherhood. It is the very 

townspeople who give life to one of the most important 

cultural expressions in Peru and the world. 

THE ‘APUYAYA JESUCRISTO’ (POWERFUL 

LORD JESUS CHRIST) IS THE MOST 

REPRESENTATIVE SONG FEATURED IN 

AYACUCHO’S HOLY WEEK CELEBRATION. 

IT WAS COMPOSED IN QUECHUA 

DURING THE COLONIAL TIMES BY FRAY 

LUIS JERONIMO DE ORE, A FRANCISCAN 

PRIEST FROM HUAMANGA. 

31

32

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Arrival at Ayacucho and overnight at hotel. 

DAY 2 

Discover Ayacucho, known as the city of 

churches. Follow the tradition and visit 

the seven churches for the Eucharistic 

Adoration. 

DAY 3 

Ayacucho 

Average 

temperature 

Max 27° C 

Min 9° C 

Altitude 

3,399 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1 hours 

10 minutes 


In the morning, go to the Saint Francis 

church to listen to the Seven-Words 

sermon in Spanish and Quechua. By 

the afternoon, visit the cathedral and 

be part of the Passion ceremony and 

the procession of the Holy Sepulchre in 

Saint Dominic church. 

DAY 4 

Walk around the city and spend some 

time with artisans in their workshops. 

Then visit the Pampa de la Quinua site 

to see the monument in honour of the 

Ayacucho Battle. 

DAY 5 

DAY 6 

Go to mass and follow the plinth of Jesus 

Resurrected. In the afternoon, be part 

of the popular party in the Main Square. 

Transfer to airport. 

33

34 

MAY | PILGRIMAGE TO THE SANCTUARY OF THE LORD OF QOYLLORITI

QOYLLORITI 

WHEN THE VILLAGE 

MOVES TO THE 

MOUNTAIN 

MAY 

WHEN IT COMES TO 

LOCAL SYNCRETISM, 

THIS CELEBRATION 

IS ONE OF THE 

MOST IMPORTANT. 

SACRIFICE AND 

FAITH ARE LIVED 

AND WITNESSED 

IN ABUNDANCE AS 

THOUSANDS OF 

DEVOTEES HIKE AND 

DANCE FOR HOURS 

ON END, MAKING A 

PILGRIMAGE UP A 

SACRED ANDEAN 

‘APU’ IN THE NAME 

OF THE LORD OF 

QOYLLORITI. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

Last 

week of 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Diego Oliver 

35

MAY | PILGRIMAGE TO THE SANCTUARY OF 

THE LORD OF QOYLLORITI 

Diego Oliver 

Peru is known for both its natural and cultural wealth. 

The traditions and festivities that we celebrate today 

are the culmination of many different customs from all 

over the country, some native and others brought in by 

View of the 

sanctuary of the 

Señor de Qoylloriti 

amongst the 

mountains. The 

pilgrims camp 

in the nearby 

surrounding areas. 

immigrants and slaves who looked to maintain ties with 

their own, personal stories. 

Local syncretism can be seen in religious traditions 

that bring together Andean beliefs with those that 

were imported and imposed by the Spanish. Looking to 

eradicate idolism and to evangelize the natives, Spanish 

conquistadors and priests forebade “pagan” celebrations 

upon their arrival. Nonetheless, locals managed to adapt 

their beliefs, replacing deities and gods of nature with 

the religious characters brought from Europe. Their 

worship continued disguised under a different name. 

Each ‘nation’ 

shares its 

traditional 

dances. 

The celebration of the Lord of Qoylloriti in Cusco is a clear 

example of this union between the original native beliefs, 

with those later imposed and eventually adopted. What 

was originally done in honour of fertility in pre-Hispanic 

times is now considered one of the most feverous 

religious pilgrimages in the country, as over 10 thousand 

people hike up the sacred Ausangate Mountain carrying 

Diego Oliver 

crosses and dressed in extravagant, colourful outfits. 

The legend of its origin dates back to 1780, when the 

government decided to ‘christianize’ the ritual in attempts 

to neutralize the indigenous revolutionary uprising. It was 

then that the story of Marianito was born. Marianito was 

a young boy, son of local peasants, who was herding his 

sheeps near Sinakara when a mysterious, light-skinned 

boy appeared, to whom Marianito offered food and 

shelter. One day, this strange boy re-appeared with 

tattered clothing. Marianito, wanting to help, offered to go 

to Cusco and search for a similar cloth in order to repair 

the broken clothes. Upon arriving and inquiring about 

The grand 

procession 

to the foot 

of the Apus. 

Diego Oliver 

Corn, fruit, and 

bread are some of 

the offerings made 

during ceremonies. 

An example of 

Andean syncretism. 

IN 2004, THE CELEBRATION AND THE 

SANCTUARY WERE DECLARED NATIONAL 

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF PERU. THEN, IN 

2011, UNESCO NAMED IT AN INTANGIBLE 

CULTURAL HERITAGE. 

36 

Diego Oliver

Diego Oliver 

the cloth, he learned that it is a special kind only used 

to fashion garments used by bishops. Finding it strange 

that a young peasant boy was searching for such cloth, 

the church decided to go after him. When they fount the 

boys, however, the mystery boy turned into an image of 

Christ on a stone, leaving everyone in awe. This image is 

known today at the Lord of Qoylloriti, or the Star of snow. 

The date of the celebration varies depending on the date 

of Holy Week, as it is generally held 58 days after Easter 

highest point of the mountain, where they spend the 

night. Traditionally, each Ukuku was to return back down 

the mountain with a big block of ice for their respective 

nations, however, due to climate change, this symbolic 

custom has been reduced to a single jar of water. 

Upon their descent, the Ukukus are received by a 

‘blessings’ mass, before beginning the last, farewell 

procession for the Lord of Qoylloriti, an event that lasts 

24 hours. This celebration is not just about devotion, 

rather, it also provides the opportunity for members 

of different high-Andean towns to come together and 

establish important relationships that will benefit 

community members. 

Due to the physical demands of this pilgrimage, as well 

as the deep significance and devotion behind it, this 

festivity is not performed for tourists. This is an authentic 

tradition that continues to honour its Andean essence 

while respectfully incorporating Spanish beliefs. 

There are no 

distractions during 

the communal 

mass. Everyone 

participates with 

the same fervour, 

no matter his or 

her origins. 

Sunday. Thus, sometime between the months of May 

and June, the pilgrimage begins, departing from the town 

of Mahuayani. The thousands of devotees are divided 

into eight “nations” depending on their place of origin, 

and together they walk eight kilometres from the starting 

point, to the Sinakara sanctuary, located at the foot of 

the Apu Ausangate. From here, surrounded by rock and 

snow, participants make their way up the mountainside 

towards the peak, dancing and singing Quechua songs 

along the way. Every nation is represented in these 

expressions of faith, and together over 100 songs and 

dances are performed. Before arriving at the peak, 

pilgrims make a stop at ’14 crosses,’ which represent the 

Stations of the Cross. 

THE APU AUSANGATE IS THE MOST 

IMPORTANT SACRED MOUNTAIN 

IN THE CUSCO REGION, AS WELL 

AS THE HIGHEST, REACHING 6,372 

METERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL. 

Diego Oliver 

The main characters in this ritual are the Ukukus. These 

participants are in charge of maintaining order and 

punishing those who break the rules. In addition, they 

are the only ones permitted to make the journey to the 

At night, candles illuminate the 

crosses belonging to each nation. 

37

38

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Transfer from Cusco to Mahuayani and 

overnight. 

Cusco 

Average 

temperature 

Altitude 

Travel time 

from Lima 

DAY 2 

Begin the walk from Mahuayani to the 

Sanctuary of Qoylloriti to be part of the 

mass. Then, get ready for dinner and to 

spend the night. 

Mahuayani 

Max 14° C 

Min -2° C 

4,600 

m.a.s.l. 

1:15 hours by 

plane to Cusco 

and 2:30 hours to 

Mahuayani by bus 

Diego Oliver 

DAY 3 

Visit the ‘alasitas’ market, where you will 

find miniature figures of houses, cars 

and money to attract good luck. Then, 

follow the procession and attend mass. 

DAY 4 

See how the devotees prepare for 

the last procession. After that, have 

lunch and get ready to walk down to 

Mahuayani and then go back to Cusco. 

Diego Oliver 

39

JUNE | INTI RAYMI 

JUNE 

INTI RAYMI 

A CELEBRATION OF THE SUN 

40

EACH 24TH OF 

JUNE, THE SUN 

RISES DIFFERENTLY 

IN CUSCO AS THE 

CITY PREPARES TO 

CELEBRATE INTI, THE 

SUN GOD. DURING 

THE INTI RAYMI 

FESTIVITIES, MILLIONS 

OF PEOPLE FROM ALL 

OVER THE WORLD 

COME TOGETHER 

TO WITNESS AS THIS 

IMPORTANT PART 

OF INCA LEGACY IS 

REIGNITED. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 24th 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

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41

JUNE | INTI RAYMI 

Hundreds of actors 

dance during the 

presentation. 

Taking a walk through the streets of Cusco is to journey 

into Peru’s past. The marvels and mystery’s of our Inca 

heritage are present every step of the way - not only 

in the language and culture, but also in the impressive 

stone architecture, where every giant rock seems to fit 

seamlessly into the other and structures remain sound 

and awe-inspiring 500 years later. 

Interestingly, the same can be said for our Colonial 

legacy, with the numerous, breath taking churches, 

convents, and all the incredible art pieces from the 

Cusco School of Art that decorate the walls of hotels, 

temples, and buildings to this day. Both these fascinating 

and equally important aspects of our past come together 

in the imperial city of Cusco, making it one of the most 

unique and magical places in the world. 

Much like our Inca and Spanish cultural heritage come 

together, so do local traditions and celebrations. While each 

small, native community might uphold specific festivities 

exclusive to them, there is one regional celebration 

that is honoured by all in the same way it was during 

Tahuantinsuyo: Inti Raymi, the celebration of the Sun. 

Each 24th of June, the day of the winter solstice, Cusco 

comes to a halt. The Main Square fills with locals and 

tourists alike who gather to witness and enjoy a 

recreation of the most important celebration held 

during the Inca reign. Traditionally on this day, the Inca 

– as a son of the Sun – would praise and thank this deity 

for all it provides, requesting its continued protection 

and favour. With this God on their side, the Incas could 

confidently begin an auspicious New Year. 

Huacaypata – where the current Main Square is located 

– was the original setting for this celebration, receiving 

all the highest ranking members of the Inca Empire: 

the chiefs and military and administrative leaders from 

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The Sacsayhuaman 

esplanade is full 

of people during 

the Inti Raymi 

celebration. 

THE RE-ENACTMENT OF THE INTI RAYMI 

FESTIVAL HAS BEEN CONSIDERED 

A “NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE 

AND A MAIN NATIONAL IDENTITY 

CEREMONIAL RITUAL” BY THE PERUVIAN 

GOVERNMENT SINCE 2001. 

the four suyos, or corners of the empire. Thousands of 

people would make the pilgrimage to Cusco, preparing 

both physically and spiritually for this important event. 

Some historic accounts claim that attendees would fast 

for days before the ceremony, purifying their bodies 

before the 9-15 day celebration. 

The Inca arrives 

at the Plaza de 

Armas on his 

plinth. Around 

him, soldiers 

and servants 

kneel. 

42

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THE ORIGINAL INTI RAYMI SCRIPT 

WAS WRITTEN IN QUECHUA 

AND MEANT TO BE PERFORMED 

BY 600 PEOPLE. THERE ARE 

CURRENTLY AROUND 800 

ACTORS FROM CUSCO WHO 

PARTICIPATE IN THE EVENT. 

In 1572, however, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo put an 

end to all Inti Raymi festivities, claiming that the pagan 

celebration interfered with Catholicism. It was not until 

1944 that the government decided to recuperate the 

ancient tradition, turning it in to an amazing spectacle 

full of colour and symbolism. The event’s current script 

is based on the description found in Inca Garcilaso de la 

Vega’s book, Comentarios Reales, and thus, the modernday 

Inti Raymi began in Coricancha. During the Inca 

Empire, Coricancha was the most important Sun Temple 

in Tahuantinsuyo, where the Inca and the nobles would 

leave their offerings and partake in private worship. 

After invoking the Sun, the Inca and his entourage make 

their way to the Main Square atop a wagon. The women, 

adorned in colourful outfits, sing sweet songs in Quechua 

and leave a trail of petals as they walk, marking the path 

of the royal and his crew. Then, once arriving in the plaza, 

the “meeting of two epochs” takes place between the 

Inca and the actual mayor of Cusco, symbolizing the evereternal 

presence of the Inca legacy in the city. 

Finally, the hundreds of actors arrive at Sacsayhuaman, 

a stunning archaeological site with an impressive view 

overlooking the city of Cusco. The priest stands on 

the ushnu – or central ceremonial platform, awaiting 

the arrival of the Inca himself, upon which the main 

ceremony will begin. Surrounded by the people of the 

four suyos, dressed in the typical clothes and dancing 

their traditional dances, the Inca toasts to the Sun, 

simulates the sacrifice of a llama in gratitude to the 

gods, and then lights a new fire that will accompany the 

community for the year to come. 

If you are looking to visit Cusco, Inti Raymi is one of the 

most special dates to do so. It is during this unique and 

unforgettable time that the city’s Inca spirit is more alive 

than ever. 

43

44

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Pick up and transfer to Coricancha to 

see the first part of the Inti Raymi: the 

appareance of the Inca. Then, follow the 

entourage to the Main Square to witness 

the ceremony with the local authorities. 

Finally, continue to Sacsayhuaman 

to enjoy the representation of the 

Inti Raymi in the esplanade of the 

archaeolofical site. After the show, 

return to Cusco. 

Cusco 

Average 

temperature 

Max 21° C 

Min -5° C 

Altitude 

3,399 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1 hours 

15 minutes 

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DAY 2 

Have breakfast at the hotel before 

going out to discover the beauty of 

the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Visit 

the archaeological site and the church 

of Chinchero, the Living Museum of 

Yucay and Ollantaytambo, a town that 

maintains its Inca planning and an 

impressive fortress. 

DAY 3 

Marvel at Machu Picchu, a masterpiece 

of engineering, one of the Seven 

Wonders of the World and a World 

Heritage Site. Walk through passages, 

buildings and special places like the 

Intihuatana. Then, return to Cusco to 

rest at your hotel. 

Heinz Plenge Pardo / PromPerú 

DAY 4 


45

JULY | FESTIVITY OF THE VIRGEN DEL CARMEN OF PAUCARTAMBO 

JULY 

PAUCARTAMBO 

BETWEEN DEVILS AND VIRGINS 

46

LOCALS AND TOURISTS 

COME TOGETHER IN 

FERVOUR BENEATH 

THE PLINTH OF THE 

VIRGEN DEL CARMEN 

IN THIS SMALL ANDEAN 

TOWN. A FESTIVAL THAT 

BRINGS TOGETHER THE 

ANDEAN WORLD WITH 

SPANISH BELIEFS, THE 

CELEBRATION OF THE 

‘MAMACHA’ CARMEN IS 

A PLACE WHERE DEVILS 

RUN THROUGH THE 

STREETS, AND DANCERS 

GIVE THEIR ALL. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 15th - 18th 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Shutterstock 

47

JULY | FESTIVITY OF THE VIRGEN DEL 

CARMEN OF PAUCARTAMBO 


Peru’s religious festivities are one of a kind. Formally 

honouring the people’s devotion in a jubilant affair, 

these events bring thousands of devotees together to 

rejoice in their shared faith and pay homage to their 

patron saints. 

The fiesta of the Virgen del Carmen, held in Paucartambo, is 

one of Cusco’s biggest celebrations. Unlike the pilgrimage 

of the Lord of Qoylloriti, where mysticism and physical 

demands prevail, this celebration brings the colonial town 

of Paucartambo to a joyous halt for four days. 


There are two stories behind the origin of the devotion 

for the Virgen del Carmen, both of which hail from the XVII 

IN 1985, PAUCARTAMBO’S VIRGEN DEL 

CARMEN TRAVELLED TO CUSCO DURING 

THE VISIT OF POPE JOHN PAUL II. THE 

IMAGE WAS CROWNED BY THE VERY 

POPE IN A CEREMONY PERFORMED 

IN THE ESPLANADE OF THE RUINS OF 

SACSAYHUAMAN. 

The small town 

of Paucartambo 

surrenders itself 

to the ‘Mamacha.’ 

On the 15th of July, the town bells ring, marking the 

beginning of the festivities. That same night, during the 

qonoyo bonfire, the dancers from the Q’olqa, Chunchu, and 

Maqta dance troupes – who together represent purgatory – 

show off their dancing and acrobatic skills. Then, the other 


The anxious 

devotees 

eagerly wait 

for the Virgen 

del Carmen’s 

plinth to exit 

the church. 

Century. The first version recounts that an effigy of the 

Virgin was sent from Spain to the district of Kosñipata, 

so that the people of this area could adopt her as their 

patron. As it made its way, however, the effigy was set 

down in the town of Paucartambo, upon which the 

local landowners gathered with prayers and offerings, 

enticing her to stay. In the other version, the qollas or 

traders who traversed the route between Paucartambo 

and Kosñipata discovered the Virgin’s face in bas-relief 

within a clay pot. The image was then sculpted by local 

artists in remembrance of the discovery. 

48 

A saqra hiding 

out on a rooftop.

Masks are decorated with 

metals and feathers, bringing 

together elegance and colour. 


troupes begin to arrive, presenting the Virgin with a joyous 

serenade that lasts throughout the night. 

The 16th is the day of the main celebration. At 5 am, devotees 

gather in the church for the Aurora mass, followed by the 

fiesta mass, which is given at 10 am. After the liturgy, the 

followers are invited to approach the Mamacha Carmen 

and hang their intention charms – requests written on 

metal plaques – on her dress, and/or light a candle: red for 

love, green for money, and purple for success. 

In the afternoon the Virgin, adorned in beautiful 

garments and set atop her plinth that resembles the sky, 

is taken out for a procession through the streets of the 

village. Suddenly, colourful Saqras – or devils – invade 

the rooftops that surround the plaza in attempts to 

hide from the Mamacha. Meanwhile, dance troupes 

fill the plaza preparing to perform their characteristic 

dance, each of which represents a different aspect of 

local history: the black slaves, the Spanish landowners, 

the Inca warriors, the Chilean invaders, and bullfighters, 

among others. The entire town and its visitors gather in 

the plaza and the surrounding balconies to witness the 

spectacle, tossing flower petals as the Virgin passes by, 

and paying special attention to the colour of her cheeks: 

pink cheeks signify good times, while pale cheeks suggest 

that the future will not be so auspicious. 


The 17th is the day of blessings. It begins in the local 

cemetery where deceased dancers are honoured with 

song and celebration, before moving on to bless the four 

suyos – or cardinal points – from the Carlos III Bridge, a 

colonial construction made of stone. In the evening, the 

people join their patron in the main plaza for the ‘battle’, 

during which the Qollas and the Antis come face to face. 

The 18th is dedicated to the children, who are taken to 

the church for the ocarikuy, and to be blessed by the 

Virgin and the local priest. Then, the final day brings with 

it the most emotional ritual of all. The Virgin is placed on 

her plinth and changed by the current fiesta hosts along 

with those chosen to organize the celebration in the year 

to come, in this symbolic ‘passing of the baton’ ritual. It 

is with this important gesture that the festivities come 

to an end, closing days of joy, devotion, and incredible 

cultural expressions that live on like treasures hidden in 

the small towns of Peru’s Andes Mountains. 

THE CELEBRATION OF THE VIRGEN 

DEL CARMEN WAS DECLARED 

INTANGIBLE NATIONAL CULTURAL 

HERITAGE IN 2006. 

Despite the 

weather, 

celebrations and 

dances in honour 

of the Virgin do 

not cease. 

49

50

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Be part of the fireworks marking the 

beginning of the celebration. After that, 

see the representation of the Purgatory 

done by the local troupes and attend 

the serenade for the Virgin of Carmen. 

DAY 2 


Paucartambo 

Cusco 

Average 

temperature 

Max 20° C 

Min 5° C 


Altitude 

2,906 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1:15 hours by plane to 

Cusco and 3 hours to 

Paucartambo by bus 

After mass, celebrate with the local 

people with songs and dances. 

DAY 3 

Start your day in the procession of 

the ‘Mamacha Carmen’. Walk with the 

dancers on their way to the cemetery to 

honour their dead colleagues. 

DAY 4 


In the morning, participate of the 

Ocarikuy or the blessing of the priest. 

DAY 5 

The last day, the butlers change the 

clothes of the Virgin before she’s out for 

her last procession. 

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52 

AUGUST | ANNIVERSARY OF AREQUIPA

AREQUIPA 

A JOURNEY BACK 

IN TIME 

AUGUST 

THE GORGEOUS 

COLONIAL 

MANSIONS THAT 

ADORN THE 

STREETS OF ITS 

HISTORIC CENTRE, 

THE RICH GREEN 

VALLEYS, AND THE 

ASSORTMENT OF 

MOUTH-WATERING 

GASTRONOMIC 

TREATS ARE ONLY 

THREE OF THE 

MANY REASONS 

TO FEEL PRIDE IN 

AREQUIPA, THE 

SECOND MOST 

IMPORTANT CITY IN 

PERU. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 15th 

September 

October 

November 

December 

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53

AUGUST | ANNIVERSARY OF AREQUIPA 

The Misti Volcano, 

measuring over 

5,000 meters high, 

watches over the 

city of Arequipa. 

To walk through the streets of Arequipa is to take a trip 

into the past. It is to retrace the steps the Spanish took 

upon their arrival and their subsequent trek into the valley 

of the Chili River, where they settled on this generous 

land. It is to experience the imposing surrounding nature, 

reflected in the Misti Volcano that silently watches over 

the city. And to discover the gorgeous architecture and 

small streets of the Historic Centre, without forgetting to 

stop and enjoy some of the celebrated local gastronomy 

along the way. 

Arequipa has the unique advantage of featuring mountains 

and coast, a luxury that has been taken advantage of since 

pre-Inca times, in which residents built roads connecting the 

areas and providing better supply routes. As per tradition, 

the Incas arrived far after the area was already inhabited. 

Nonetheless, upon noting the optimal living conditions of 

the valley, they decided to make it their home, naming it 

“Ari quepay” or “Lets stay here,” as was supposedly stated by 

Inca leader Mayta Capac. 

On the 15th of August 1540, the Villa de la Asunción 

de Nuestra Señora del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa 

was founded by orders of Francisco Pizarro. Since its 

establishment, its inhabitants were primarily Spaniards 

who demonstrated fierce loyally to the Crown. Because 

of this, Arequipa earned the title “fidelisima” – or faithful, 

as well as obtaining the city “many honours” given by King 

Felipe II. 

The undeniable Iberian influence is reflected in the 

city’s outstanding architectural beauty. In the Historic 

Centre alone, one can see 23 different architectural 

styles represented – including renaissance, baroque, art 

deco, and 1980’s brutalism -, and of these, 500 buildings 

have been declared National Heritage. A gem for any 

architectural enthusiast, Arequipa is worth the visit. 

Besides wandering through the city streets and 

discovering the assortment of interesting buildings, 

visitors can experience Arequipa’s notoriously delicious 

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The arches of 

the Yanahuara 

lookout point are 

made from sillar 

rock and have 

quotes from 

local celebrities 

carved on them. 

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THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF AREQUIPA 

WAS DECLARED A WORLD HERITAGE 

SITE IN 2000. UNESCO HIGHLIGHTED 

THE INTERESTING FUSION IN EUROPEAN 

AND INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURAL 

BUILDING TECHNIQUES. 

The Santa Catalina 

Monastery, founded 

on the 10th of 

September 1579, is one 

of Arequipa’s many 

architectural gems. 

54 

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CHICHA Restaurant, Arequipa 

CHICHA Restaurant, Arequipa 

Arequipa’s gastronomy 

is one of its main 

attractions. Shrimp is a 

star ingredient in many 

of the favourite dishes. 

AREQUIPA IS KNOWN AS 

THE ‘WHITE CITY’ DUE TO THE 

WHITE SILLAR ROCK USED IN 

ITS CONSTRUCTIONS. THIS 

VOLCANIC ROCK COMES FROM 

COMPACTED VOLCANIC ASH. 

local cuisine. Food lovers revel in the flavours of the 

amazing ingredients used to prepare the over 190 typical 

dishes of the area, which are traditionally cooked in clay 

pots over fires, and served in lively picanterias. The ‘chupe 

de camaron’ - a soup made with shrimp - rocoto relleno, 

ocopa, and adobo are some of the many favourites. 

Before its impressive architecture was built, and its 

glorious cuisine established, however, it was Arequipa’s 

stunning natural scenery that made it a favourite. Blessed 

by Mother Nature, the city is protected by three, breathtaking 

volcanoes (the Misti, the Chachani, and the Pichu 

Pichu), and surrounded by a rich countryside. A bit further 

outside of the city, the Colca Canyon and its surrounding 

valley attracts thousands of tourists each year thanks to 

its impressive mountainous scenery and the presence of 

its most mystical and elegant inhabitant: the condor. 

to the city of Arequipa, performed the evening before the 

main day of the fiesta. The main avenues are flooded with 

colour and excitement as parades pass by and typical 

dances, like the wititi, are performed by talented dance 

troupes. Simultaneously, artisanal fairs showcase the 

variety of handmade creations crafted by local artists. 

Arequipa is a unique and unforgettable amalgam of history, 

nature, and cultural legacy. Make sure not to miss it. 

The impressive 

Colca Canyon is 

one of the deepest 

in the world. 

Arequipa’s cultural identity is captured in its joyous 

anniversary celebration, which takes place at the beginning 

of August each year. Music invades the city as the popular 

Tuna – or Student Music Group – Competition takes place, 

along with a series of concerts and the famous serenata 

LimaTours 

Créditos créditos 

Perú’s main cities gourmet guide 

- 

8 9 

The guide for all who love fine dining 

CONTACT US: ventas@creandoidea.com C. 981419945 - 981299956 

55

56

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 - august 14th 

Transfer to the hotel. At night, attend 

the Anniversary serenade. 

Average 

temperature 

Altitude 

Travel time 

from Lima 


Arequipa 

Max 23° C 

Min 10° C 

2,335 

m.a.s.l. 

1 hours 

30 minutes 

Recharge your batteries with the joy of 

the Friendship Parade. In the afternoon, 

delight your palate with the best of the 

gastronomy with a tour to the traditional 

picanterias. 

LimaTours 


Surprise yourself with the beauty of 

Arequipa in a city tour and visit a jewel 

of Colonial architecture: Santa Catalina’s 

Monastery. In the night, get closer to 

local culture in a dancing contest. 


LimaTours 


57

SEPTEMBER | INTERNATIONAL SPRING FESTIVAL 

SEPTEMBER 

A CELEBRATION 

IN HONOUR OF 

SPRING 

58

IN THE CITY OF 

TRUJILLO, THE 

LAST WEEK OF 

SEPTEMBER IS 

DEDICATED TO THE 

INTERNATIONAL 

SPRING FESTIVAL, 

COMPLETE WITH 

INTERNATIONAL 

BEAUTY QUEENS, 

TALENTED BATON 

TWIRLERS, THEMED 

PARADE FLOATS, 

AND THE JOYOUS 

MARINERA DANCE 

PERFORMANCES. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Marco Garro / PromPerú 

59

SEPTEMBER | INTERNATIONAL SPRING FESTIVAL 

Peru has white cities, cities of kings and the navel 

of the world. ide of the Sun. The northern part of the 

country, on the other hand, is blessed with eternal 

spring. Thus, each year, there is a festival to celebrate 

this phenomenon, 

ON SEPTEMBER 28TH 1965, CONGRESS 

DECLARED TRUJILLO THE “CAPITAL OF 

SPRING.” 

Media 

Trujillo, the third most important city in Peru, established 

its importance before Inca times, as it was the centre 

of development for the seminal Mochica and Chimu 

cultures. The Villa de Trujillo was founded by Francisco 

Pizarro on the 5th of March 1535. Today, Trujillo offers 

a wealth of history, interesting architecture, and unique 

customs, all of which are generously shared with the 

world by its inhabitants. 

the most exciting and highly anticipated of the festival. 

In 1960, the parade finally got international recognition 

thanks to the participation of foreign beauty queens who 

share the stage with the local Queen of the Festival, a 

young woman who is elected in a special ceremony 

days before the activities begin. These days, the visiting 

beauty queens spend their time between events touring 

the main city sites and participating in charity work 

Renzo Tasso / PromPerú 

The decorated 

themed floats 

add fun and flair 

to the parade. 

Every September, Trujillo celebrates the International 

Spring Festival; a 60 year-old tradition that remains one 

of the city’s most anticipated. The event was originally 

organized by the city’s Club de Leones – or Lion’s Club 

– as means to raise funds and carry out philanthropic 

activities. Nonetheless, today this festivity brings together 

thousands of people – both local and international – to 

enjoy a celebration that has come to represent the city. 

Inspired by the United States’ Thanksgiving Day Parade, 

on August 21st of 1950, the festival began to incorporate 

a parade that transits the city’s main streets, and that 

same year, the first themes float was debuted. Since 

then, businesses have come to compete over who has 

the best float, and these features have become some of 

60 

The Queen of 

the Festival 

on her float.


Peru’s navy – since 1879, when Abelardo Gamarra 

Rondo decided to change it from the already existing 

name, chilenas. 

Different 

communities 

come together 

to form part 

of the event. 

Pictured, a 

Chinese dragon 

making its way 

through the 

streets. 

organized by the club committee. 

Over the course of the festival, this representative dance 

is celebrated and the best dance couples in the country 

come together in Trujillo – ‘the capital of the marinera – 

to compete for recognition. Another traditional activity 

that comes into the spotlight during the festival is that 

of the Peruvian paso horse, when hundreds of people 

gather to watch these graceful creatures glide across 

fields, showing off their unique gait. 

In Trujillo, there is something for everyone: history, 

dance, beaches, and tradition. You wont regret visiting 

this incredible city, experiencing its glorious culture, and 

exploring its endless opportunities. 

Besides the decorated floats and the gorgeous beauty 

queens, there is another feature of this festival that gets 

a lot of attention: the talented baton twirlers. These 

women come each year from the United States, to delight 

the audience with their choreography and acrobatic 

movements – a tradition that began back in 1965. 


Beyond festivities, however, the International Spring 

Festival is also a chance for people to connect with the 

local culture. There are many activities that are offered 

parallel to the parade, which include: conferences, 

meetings with authors, painting and signing competitions, 

art exhibitions, film festivals, fashion shows, and much 

more. 

One cannot speak of Trujillo, however, without mentioning 

its most representative dance: the marinera. Couples 

come together in an elegant, flirtatious choreography 

with notably agile footwork, using a handkerchief and a 

hat to mark their moves. This captivating and cheerful 

dance has gone by the name marinera – inspired on 

TRUJILLO IS ALSO KNOWN FOR ITS 

WONDERFUL CUISINE. CEVICHE, 

SHAMBAR, AND ‘THEOLOGICAL’ SOUP ARE 

SOME OF ITS MOST POPULAR DISHES. 

The indispensable Marinera dancers 

showing off their elegant moves. 

61

62

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Rest at your hotel in the morning. By the 

afternoon, be part of cultural events like 

conferences, encounters with writers, 

choir concerts, etc. 

DAY 2 

Trujillo 

Average 

temperature 

Max 21° C 

Min 16° C 

Altitude 

34 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1 hours 

10 minutes 

In the morning, walk around a local 

fair to learn about the goods of the 

region. Then, delight yourself with the 

elegance of our national dance in a 

show of marinera. Finally, attend the 

presentation of the international Spring 

Queens. 

LimaTours 

DAY 3 

Visit the main attractions of Trujillo in 

a city tour. Discover the imposing Chan 

Chan, the biggest city made of mud in 

the world; the ‘huacas’ of the sun and 

the moon; and finish with a relaxing 

walk by the ocean in the famous 

Huanchaco. 

LimaTours 

DAY 4 

Get a seat to see the official presentation 

of the Queen of the Spring Festival and 

be part of the activities of the last day of 

the festival. 

DAY 5 

Transfer to the airport. 

63

64 

OCTOBER | MONTH OF THE LORD OF THE MIRACLES

THE PROCESSION 

FOR THE LORD OF 

THE MIRACLES IS 

AN ICON OF THE 

CITY OF LIMA. 

THOUSANDS OF 

PEOPLE TAKE TO 

THE STREETS TO 

CELEBRATE AND 

WORSHIP THE IDOL, 

TRAILING BEHIND 

THE PLINTH OF 

THE ‘CHRIST OF 

PACHACAMILLA,’ 

AND IMAGE THAT 

WAS ORIGINALLY 

BORN FROM THE 

HANDS OF A SLAVE, 

ONLY TO EARN 

THE ADORATION 

AND GLORY OF THE 

ENTIRE COUNTRY. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

THE LORD OF 

THE MIRACLES 

THE ‘MORENO’ OF LIMA 

OCTOBER 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Walter Silvera / PromPerú 

65

OCTOBER | MONTH OF THE LORD OF THE MIRACLES 

Lima is in constant growth, offering visitors more exciting 

adventures as each day passes; from gorgeous views of 

the Pacific Ocean, to luxury restaurants considered some 

of the best in the world. It is amidst this modern whirlwind 

that the city manages to maintain some of its oldest 

traditions that date back to Colonial times. Today, many 

of these traditions have turned into cultural symbols that 

identify the city and those who live within it. 

In October of each year, the streets of Lima turn purple. The 

city slows down, as coloured balloons begin to appear in the 

plazas, the aroma of anticuchos fills the air, and the sweet 

taste of the ‘turron de Doña Pepa’ reappears. Meanwhile, 

church incense burners emit their white, pungent smoke 

and the choirs sing hymns that reach the soul. Each October, 

the Lord of the Miracles is taken out into the streets followed 

by thousands of devotees from all over the world. 

The story of the Lord of the Miracles dates back to 1651, 

when black slaves were being brought into Peru to work 

as peons, guards, or servants in affluent homes. Looking 

for a place to convene and connect after work hours, the 

Angolan slaves formed a brotherhood, and would come 

together in an abandoned warehouse in Pachacamilla, 

outside of what is now the Historic Centre of Lima. At 

some point during these meetings, one of the attendees 

painted an image of Christ crucified on the cross on one 

of the adobe walls of this space. 

What could have been passed off as a simple depiction 

soon became the object of worship, after an earthquake 

devastated Lima and Callao in 1655. Thousands of 

people were affected and hundreds of homes destroyed, 

including the warehouse. However, in its case, all but one 

wall collapsed, leaving the image of Christ standing and 

intact. The word soon spread, and people quickly began 

to come and see the wall that had been protected by Jesus 

Christ, bringing with them their prayers and offerings. 

BESIDES THE MAIN BROTHERHOOD 

IN PERU, SUB GROUPS HAVE 

ESTABLISHED THEMSELVES IN 260 

OTHER CITIES ACROSS THE WORLD, 

AND PROCESSIONS ARE HELD IN THE 

UNITED STATES, ITALY, GERMANY, CHILE, 

FRANCE, SWITZERLAND, SPAIN, ETC. 

The Lord of 

the Miracles 

procession 

accompanied by 

incense burners, in 

Lima’s Plaza Mayor. 


66

People spread through 

various blocks of the city 

centre as they follow the 

plinth through the streets. 

DURING THE PROCESSIONS, THE 

PLINTH OF THE LORD OF THE 

MIRACLES TRAVERSES OVER 13 

KILOMETRES ON AVERAGE. SOME 

YEARS, THE LENGTH VARIES 

DEPENDING ON THE ROUTE THE 

BROTHERHOOD HAS CHOSEN. 

As the ‘Christ of Pachacamilla’ gained notoriety, church 

officials became increasingly displeased. In 1671, in 

response to the pressure put on him by Churches, 

Viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernandez de Castro Andrade 

gave the order to erase the image. Nonetheless, despite 

various attempts, this task was never seen through. It 

seemed that each time anyone went to remove it, they 

would feel the earth quake beneath them, or be plagued 

with chills throughout their bodies, while others would 

just flee without reason. 

In 1687, Lima was struck by another sizable earthquake, 

and once again, the wall remained intact. After this 

second miracle, everyone was talking about the image, 

and a replica was made for a celebratory procession that 

same year. This established the official recognition and 

importance of the Lord of the Miracles by the authorities, 

and started a tradition that is maintained to this day. 


Now, there are five different processions for the Lord 

of the Miracles, which take place on the 1st, 18th, 19th, 

and 28th of October, and the 1st of November. The 

image is taken from the Nazarenas Monastery in the 

Centre of Lima, and the two-ton plinth decorated with 

gold, silver, and precious stones is walked through the 

city streets. The processions are organized by the Lord 

of the Miracles Brotherhood, a group of men dressed in 

purple habits in charge of carrying the heavy plinth on 

their shoulders. 

Thousands of devotees follow Lima’s patron through 

the streets trying to get close to him. Many of them 

take rosaries, holy cards, and books in hopes of getting 

them blessed, while others dress in purple habits to 

demonstrate their adoration. All of them are bonded, 

however, by their shared desire to experience the 

The devotees throw balloons, petals, 

and confetti from the balconies to 

demonstrate their joy for his arrival. 


‘miracle’ of the ‘Cristo Moreno.’ 

67

68

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Enjoy a night tour through Barranco, 

Lima’s bohemian neighbourhood. End 

up with a dinner and a folklore show. 

Average 

temperature 

Altitude 

DAY 2 

Lima 

Max 22° C 

Min 16° C 

154 

m.a.s.l. 

Eat breakfast at your hotel before getting 

to the Historical Centre of Lima. Visit 

five of its main churches: the Cathedral, 

Saint Francis, Saint Dominic, Saint Peter, 

and Nazarenas. Finish your route in the 

museum dedicated to the Lord of the 

Miracles, and then have lunch. 

LimaTours 

DAY 3 

Walk in the procession of the Lord of 

the Miracles and be part of this unique 

experience. 

DAY 4 

LimaTours 

Transfer to the airport. 

69

NOVEMBER | DAY OF THE DEATH 

NOVEMBER 

THE JOURNEY TO THE 

NEXT LIFE 

70

THE DAY OF 

THE DEAD 

RECONFIRMS THE 

BOND BETWEEN 

THE LIVING AND 

THOSE WHO HAVE 

CROSSED OVER. 

THIS CONNECTION 

IS CELEBRATED 

IN DIFFERENT 

WAYS ACROSS 

THE WORLD. IN 

PERU, WHILE EACH 

REGION HAS ITS 

OWN UNIQUE 

TRADITION, THE 

UNDERLYING TIE 

IS TO REMEMBER 

AND HONOUR 

THOSE WE LOVE. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 2th 

December 

Diego Oliver 

71

NOVEMBER | DAY OF THE DEATH 

Diego Oliver 

Death is not always synonymous with sadness. In fact, 

many cultures – including ancient Peruvians like the 

Moche and Incas – see death as a rite of passage into 

the “next life.” Proof of this is that many ancient peoples 

were buried with their belongings and sometimes even 

with other people in order to make sure that these things 

would accompany them in their journey to the next world. 

Mexico’s infamous festivities are generally what come 

to mind when thinking about the Day of the Dead. 

Nonetheless, each country has its own customs to 

commemorate those no longer with us, and Peru is no 

exception. In the Andes, guaguas replace Mexico’s sugar 

skeletons, and altars are modified in accordance to local 

Andean traditions. 

During the Spanish rule, people were buried in catacombs 

close to the churches in order to be “closer to God.” In 

1808, Lima’s first cemetery – the Presbiterio Maestro – 

was inaugurated, and became the last stop for the city’s 

aristocrats. Today, over 200 years and countless cultural 

and urban changes later, there is a new Lima cemetery 

that is getting the attention: Nueva Esperanza, located in 

Diego Oliver 

the peripheral district of Villa Maria del Triunfo. 

Since 1961, over one million people – many of them 

descendants of migrants who came from the country’s 

rural areas – have been buried in the cemetery’s 60 

hectares. Hundreds of small houses and colourful 

niches decorate the sandy landscape that spans across 

the hillsides. To enter this cemetery on the 1st or 2nd 

of November is to enter another dimension. Beyond 

the customary flowers and balloons, people arrive to 

celebrate their loved ones with musicians, bottles of their 

favourite liquors, and typical dishes from their places of 

origin, gradually turning this small city of the dead into 

one huge party. 

For many, the 

Nueva Esperanza 

Cemetery is like a 

small city. There 

are even some 

peculiar “buildings,” 

like this one. 

Provinces like Cajamarca and Arequipa celebrate the day 

with the popular guagua breads. These sweet breads are 

made from a special recipe, and decorated with sugar 

THE FIRST CHRISTIANS CELEBRATED 

THE DEAD FOR ONE WEEK DURING 

THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY. IT WAS 

NOT UNTIL THE X CENTURY THAT THE 

2ND OF NOVEMBER WAS CHOSEN AS 

THE OFFICIAL COMMEMORATIVE DATE. 

72 

Entire families congregate to 

spend the Day of the Dead with 

their deceased family member.

Music is a key part of the celebration, 

especially the favourite songs of those no 

longer present. 

IN TAHUANTINSUYO, NOVEMBER WAS 

ALSO CONSIDERED THE MONTH OF THE 

DEAD. DURING THIS TIME, BODIES WERE 

TAKEN OUT OF THEIR TOMBS, DRESSED 

IN THEIR BEST CLOTHES, FED BY THEIR 

FAMILY MEMBERS, AND PARADED 

THROUGH THE STREETS ON PLINTHS. 

Diego Oliver 

and meringue to depict a tiny baby body, upon which 

one places a small baby face made from plaster. Each 

family makes or purchases a bread and is meant to 

‘baptize’ it as if it were a real child, choosing its parents 

and godparents. 

Further south, in Puno, the tombolas are considered a 

way to receive a visit from the soul of departed loved 

ones. These altars – similar to those made in Mexico – 

hold an assortment of offerings: from toasted maize 

and coca leaves, to fruits and guaguas made by family 

members. Neighbours gather at night to accompany the 

visiting soul, and the next day everyone heads to the 

cemetery and reassembles the altar next to the grave 

of the deceased. 

Apega 

Diego Oliver 

In the district of Chongos, near Huancayo, the tradition 

of offerings is known as trulakuy. Besides food, flowers, 

and candles, the table is also decorated with the skills of 

deceased family members, which are thought to bring 

protection. The celebration ends on the 3rd of November 

with the tullapampay, during which skeletons are dressed 

with chullos – woollen caps – so that they do not get 

cold, before being taken to the cemetery to be blessed 

by a priest. This ritual depicts the syncretism between 

Andean beliefs and the Christian religion, as it asks for the 

protection from God as well as from ancestors. 

Guaguas, the 

traditional Day of 

the Dead bread. 

On the Day of the Dead it does not matter 

where you come from, all that matters is faith. 

73

74

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

Transfer to the hotel. After some time 

to rest, participate in the preparation of 

the guaguas. After that experience, visit 

the Colonial churches of Ayacucho. 

Ayacucho 

Average 

temperature 

Max 27° C 

Min 9° C 

Altitude 

3,399 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1 hours 

10 minutes 

DAY 2 

Attend mass in the morning. Then visit 

the local fair to see the exchange of the 

traditional guaguas as an offer to the 

deceased. In the afternoon, see a folklore 

show and learn about our typical dances. 

Apega 

DAY 3 

Walk around the city and spend some 

time with artisans in their workshops. 

Then visit the Pampa de la Quinua site 

to see the monument in honour of the 

Ayacucho Battle. 

DAY 4 



75

DECEMBER | CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS 

DECEMBER 

CHRISTMAS 

IN 

PERU 

76

THANKS TO 

OUR MUSIC, 

OUR CULTURAL 

DIVERSITY, AND 

OUR DELICIOUS 

GASTRONOMY, 

PERUVIANS ARE 

CAPABLE OF 

TURNING A GLOBAL 

EVENT INTO A 

CELEBRATION THAT 

REFLECTS OUR 

ESSENCE. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 


77

DECEMBER | CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS 


Millions of people across the globe come together over 

the Christmas holidays to enjoy a special time with their 

loved ones. Despite this being a worldwide event, each 

country’s essence is reflected in the unique way they 

celebrate this festivity. 

In Peru there is a great amount of syncretism between the 

original, regional rituals, and the later imposed Catholic 

religion. Thus, it is common for each area of the country 

to incorporate their unique customs into celebrations, 

some of which reflect traditions and characteristics that 

range from the weather to the general temperament of 

the population. 

In Cusco’s Main Square, December 24th brings with it 

hundreds of artisans who line the sidewalks with their 

handmade products. Known as Santuranticuy, this is the 

city’s most important Christmas tradition, dating back to 

Herbs, incense, 

and other 

elements come 

together to 

complement 

traditional 

nativity scenes. 

viceroyal times, when artisans gathered from near and far 

in hopes to make money. 

At the fair, shoppers can purchase a variety of figurines 

made from clay or carved from wood in order to assemble 

their own nativity scenes. The Niño Manuelito is the main 

figure sold here, an interesting representation of a young 

Jesus with white skin, light eyes, and Andean garments. 

Over in Ayacucho, however, there is a different nativity 

representation of equal importance: the retablo. Rather 

than collecting various pieces to create a composition, 

like in the Cusco nativity scenes, the retablos are one, 

Walking the 

Santiranticuy, one 

can appreciate 

history-infused 

art from many 

Andean towns. 

LimaTours 


THE WORD SANTIRANTICUY COMES 

FROM A COMBINATION OF QUECHUA 

WORDS: ‘SANTU,’ WHICH MEANS SAINT, 

AND ‘TICUY,’ WHICH MEANS SALE. 

THUS, SANTIRANTICUY MEANS ‘SALE OF 

SAINTS.’ 

78 

The retablos from Ayacucho stand out for their 

colors and fine craftsmanship.


THERE ARE CERTAIN DANCES THAT ARE 

SPECIFICALLY PERFORMED DURING 

CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS, LIKE THE 

‘LOS NEGRITOS’ FROM HUÁNUCO, THE 

‘HATAJO DE NEGRITOS’ FROM CHINCHA, 

AND THE ‘NAVIDAD DE CHIHUA’ FROM 

AYACUCHO. 

Some of the 

figures sold 

by artisans 

represent Cusco’s 

typical dances. 

complete, beautiful and detailed piece. These creations 

are Andean adaptations of the San Marcos boxes, which 

were made during Colonial times with images of the 

saints, and used by priests in attempts to convert the local 

indigenous population. It wasn’t until the 1940’s however 

that inhabitants of the town of Quinua started to create 

retablos inspired by these boxes, representing day to day 

events (dances, agricultural labour), as well as important 

religious moments (Christ’s Crucifixion, the birth of Jesus). 

The retablos are made from cedar wood in order to ensure 

the best finishes, and feature two beautiful doors, usually 

decorated with colourful flowers. Behind the doors, the 

people are carved and arranged, painted with detailed 

faced and specific clothing. Each detail is carefully thought 

out and worked, and the faces and garments depicted 

reflect their Andean origin. 

Then, there is the jungle and its traditions. In the Amazon, 

‘jungle style’ mangers are decorated with straw and 

wood, as well as banana leaves, flowers, and fruits. Here, 

children are the protagonists of local traditions, as they 

spend the days previous to Christmas dressing up as little 

shepherds and making their way from house to house in 

order to appreciate their neighbours nativity decorations. 

With each visit, children are given bags full of candy or a 

sweet corn beverage upon their departure. When they 

are finished inspecting each home, they come together 

with a committee of adults and decide which home has 

the best decorations, presenting a prize to the winners. 

The famous nativity processions are also typical in some 

regions of the jungle where neighbours organize amongst 

themselves to dress up as the characters of the nativity 

scene and the bible, and walk through the streets towards 

the star of Bethlehem. As they walk, musicians play local 

songs, creating a festive ambiance for both participants 

and spectators. 

And what would Christmas be without the ever-anticipated 

Christmas Eve meal? Peru’s plethora of ingredients provides 

a rich banquet of options. In the jungle, the traditional 

meal stars chicken rather than turkey, while in the Andes 

suckling pig takes the spotlight. In the north of the country, 

Chicha – traditional fermented corn beer – is consumed 

in the place of champagne, and paneton is replaced by 

guaguas – breads with filling, shaped like babies. 

Celebrating Christmas in Peru is an interesting way to 

learn more about local culture and customs, and to 

understand the driving force behind the festivities: family 

and reflection. 

79

80

PROGRAMME 

DAY 1 

After leaving your luggage at the hotel, 

participate in the mass of Christmas Eve. 

See the beginning of the Santuranticuy, 

while the artisans prepare their stalls 

in the Main Square. At night, enjoy a 

Christmas dinner. 

Cusco 

Average 

temperature 

Max 21° C 

Min -5° C 

Altitude 

3,399 

m.a.s.l. 

Travel time 

from Lima 

1 hours 

15 minutes 

DAY 2 

LimaTours 

Have breakfast at the hotel before 

going out to discover the beauty of 

the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Visit 

the archaeological site and the church 

of Chinchero, the Living Museum of 

Yucay and Ollantaytambo, a town that 

maintains its Inca planning and an 

impressive fortress. 

DAY 3 

Marvel at Machu Picchu, a masterpiece 

of engineering, one of the Seven 

Wonders of the World and a World 

Heritage Site. Walk through passages, 

buildings and special places like the 

Intihuatana. Then, return to Cusco to 

rest at your hotel. 


DAY 4 


81

MORE CELEBRATIONS 

JANUARY 

Marinera Contest 

Hundreds of dance partners from all over 

the world come together in the Grand 

Chimu Coliseum during the last week of 

January to celebrate this elegant traditional 

dance in one of the most popular events 

in Trujillo. This amazing festivity has been 

held each year for the last six decades, 

infusing it with history and pride. 

LimaTours 

FEBRUARY 

Carnival 

While carnival is celebrated throughout the 

country, the city of Cajamarca is considered 

“the capital of carnival.” The festivities begin 

with the entrance of the doll known as Ño 

Carnavalón, followed by a paint fight, and 

lots of fun. 

Media 

MAY 

Corpus Christi 

This is one of the most important festivities 

in Cusco, dating back to Inca times. 

Originally, mummies were taken out in 

procession by their family members. 

However, when the Spanish arrived, this 

ritual was altered, replacing the mummies 

with Saints and Virgins carried on plinths 

through the Main Square. 

LimaTours 

AUGUST 

The Procession of the Flag 

Each 28th of August the inhabitants of the city 

of Tacna celebrate their reincorporation into 

Peru after being occupied by Chile, subsequent 

to the Pacific War. Since 1929, a flag measuring 

over 15 meters has been paraded though 

the main avenues of the city and to the Main 

Square held by dozens of local women. 

Media 

24 OF JUNE 

Fiesta de San Juan 

This celebration honours Saint John the 

Baptist, who is considered the patron saint 

of the Amazon due to his relationship with 

water. During this festivity, each Amazonian 

city hosts a big party with music, colour, 

and traditional concoctions. 

Paolo López / PromPerú 

JUNE 

Raymi Llaqta 

Over 60 communities from the Amazonas 

region come together in the city of Chachapoyas 

to celebrate their cultural wealth. Dance 

troupes dressed in their best outfits tour the 

streets while performing their typical dances, 

and community members prepare their most 

representative dishes to share. 

Miguel Mejía / PromPerú 

82

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BELMOND MIRAFLORES PARK LIMA | BELMOND PALACIO NAZARENAS CUSCO | BELMOND HOTELMONASTERIO CUSCO | BELMOND LAS CASITAS COLCA 83 

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84 

Huancaya, natural beauty a few hours away from Lima.

UJ #17 - Traditional Peru

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