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64 | www.nomadafricamag.com | ...Celebrating the world’s richest continent | Issue 12
Kaunda was a close friend of Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. They were so close that Kaunda built a house in Lusaka especially for Tito's visits. leaders at the time that this federation would place the power in the hands of a white minority, Kaunda, who had visited Martin Luther King Jr. in Atlanta, USA, set into motion a campaign, called Cha-cha-cha campaign executed through the Zambian African National Congress. It was called “positive nonviolent action”, a form of civil disobedience that was designed to protest and voice the objection of Zambian people against the idea of a federation on the part of the British. The civil disobedience campaign produced two very important results: the British modified the federation policy and eventually discarded it altogether, and secondly, it resulted in the imprisonment of Kenneth Kaunda and other militant leaders, but not without consequences. The incarceration had as a result that political leaders were elevated to a status of national heroes in the eyes of ordinary people. What followed is the very thing that history books are made of. From 1960, the status of Zambia’s national independence movements were secured, and very importantly, so too was Kenneth Kaunda’s dominant political position confirmed within UNIP, the Kaunda was the second mainland African head of state to allow free multiparty elections and to have relinquished power when he lost: the first, Mathieu Kérékou of Benin, had done so in March of that year. United National Independence Party. Upon his release from prison by the colonial government on January 8 1960, Kaunda was elected as president of the United National Independence Party (UNIP), which had been formed in 1959 by Mainza Chona. 1960 proved to be a pivotal year in Zambian politics, more so for UNIP, which enjoyed spectacular growth by claiming well over 300 000 members by mid 1960. With such a widespread and loyal support base, the colonial power Britain invited Kaunda and several other UNIP leaders for discussions on the status of the three colonies to a conference in London, with the inevitable result of Britain announcing the formal decolonisation of Zambia in 1961. Under the leadership of Kaunda, UNIP was a political steam train gaining the majority of seats in the new legislative council when Zambia’s first elections were held in 1962. Kaunda’s further negotiation skills came to the fore when he steered Zambia, through UNIP, towards final independence from Britain in 1964 – and thus became Zambia’s first president. Post-independence politics proved to be very exciting and challenging. One cannot ever forget the negative legacy of a colonial power and it was up to Kenneth Kaunda and UNIP to steer the Zambian ship on a path towards prosperity – no mean feat since looming tribal issues were a constant feature within the African political landscape – Zambia being no exception. INTERPARTY POLITICAL VIOLENCE 1968 marked a year of interparty political vi- Issue 12 | ...Celebrating the world’s richest continent | www.nomadafricamag.com | 65
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