Bash-Beginners-Guide

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Bash Guide for Beginners Table of Contents Chapter 10. More on variables......................................................................................................................121 10.1. Types of variables.......................................................................................................................121 10.1.1. General assignment of values............................................................................................121 10.1.2. Using the declare built-in..................................................................................................121 10.1.3. Constants...........................................................................................................................122 10.2. Array variables............................................................................................................................123 10.2.1. Creating arrays..................................................................................................................123 10.2.2. Dereferencing the variables in an array.............................................................................123 10.2.3. Deleting array variables.....................................................................................................124 10.2.4. Examples of arrays............................................................................................................124 10.3. Operations on variables...............................................................................................................126 10.3.1. Arithmetic on variables.....................................................................................................126 10.3.2. Length of a variable...........................................................................................................126 10.3.3. Transformations of variables.............................................................................................127 10.4. Summary.....................................................................................................................................129 10.5. Exercises.....................................................................................................................................129 Chapter 11. Functions....................................................................................................................................131 11.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................131 11.1.1. What are functions?...........................................................................................................131 11.1.2. Function syntax.................................................................................................................131 11.1.3. Positional parameters in functions....................................................................................132 11.1.4. Displaying functions..........................................................................................................133 11.2. Examples of functions in scripts.................................................................................................133 11.2.1. Recycling...........................................................................................................................133 11.2.2. Setting the path..................................................................................................................134 11.2.3. Remote backups................................................................................................................134 11.3. Summary.....................................................................................................................................136 11.4. Exercises.....................................................................................................................................136 Chapter 12. Catching signals.........................................................................................................................137 12.1. Signals.........................................................................................................................................137 12.1.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................137 12.1.2. Usage of signals with kill..................................................................................................138 12.2. Traps...........................................................................................................................................139 12.2.1. General..............................................................................................................................139 12.2.2. How Bash interprets traps.................................................................................................139 12.2.3. More examples..................................................................................................................140 12.3. Summary.....................................................................................................................................140 12.4. Exercises.....................................................................................................................................140 Appendix A. Shell Features............................................................................................................................142 A.1. Common features.........................................................................................................................142 A.2. Differing features.........................................................................................................................143 Glossary...........................................................................................................................................................146 A...........................................................................................................................................................146 B...........................................................................................................................................................146 v
Table of Contents Glossary C...........................................................................................................................................................146 D...........................................................................................................................................................147 E...........................................................................................................................................................148 F...........................................................................................................................................................148 G...........................................................................................................................................................148 H...........................................................................................................................................................149 I............................................................................................................................................................149 J............................................................................................................................................................149 K...........................................................................................................................................................150 L...........................................................................................................................................................150 M..........................................................................................................................................................150 N...........................................................................................................................................................151 P...........................................................................................................................................................152 Q...........................................................................................................................................................152 R...........................................................................................................................................................152 S...........................................................................................................................................................153 T...........................................................................................................................................................153 U...........................................................................................................................................................154 V...........................................................................................................................................................154 W..........................................................................................................................................................155 X...........................................................................................................................................................155 Z...........................................................................................................................................................156 Index.................................................................................................................................................................157 A...........................................................................................................................................................157 B...........................................................................................................................................................157 C...........................................................................................................................................................158 D...........................................................................................................................................................158 E...........................................................................................................................................................158 F...........................................................................................................................................................159 G...........................................................................................................................................................160 H...........................................................................................................................................................160 I............................................................................................................................................................160 J............................................................................................................................................................161 K...........................................................................................................................................................161 L...........................................................................................................................................................161 M..........................................................................................................................................................161 N...........................................................................................................................................................161 O...........................................................................................................................................................162 P...........................................................................................................................................................162 Q...........................................................................................................................................................162 R...........................................................................................................................................................162 S...........................................................................................................................................................163 T...........................................................................................................................................................164 U...........................................................................................................................................................164 V...........................................................................................................................................................164 W..........................................................................................................................................................165 Bash Guide for Beginners vi
Page 1 and 2: Bash Guide for Beginners Machtelt G
Page 3 and 4: Bash Guide for Beginners Table of C
Page 5: Bash Guide for Beginners Table of C
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 1. Why this guide? The
Page 11 and 12: Revision 1.6 2005-03-01 Revised by:
Page 13 and 14: Bash Guide for Beginners See Chapte
Page 15 and 16: Bash Guide for Beginners mia:~> cat
Page 17 and 18: Bash Guide for Beginners When invok
Page 19 and 20: More information about the file des
Page 21 and 22: Built-in commands are necessary to
Page 23 and 24: • Brace expansion • Tilde expan
Page 25 and 26: A number of methods can be used; on
Page 27 and 28: Bash Guide for Beginners stop in ea
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2. Writing and debugging sc
Page 31 and 32: the documentation of your favorite
Page 33 and 34: Bash Guide for Beginners Comments a
Page 35 and 36: Bash Guide for Beginners + set +x I
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3. The Bash environment In
Page 39 and 40: Bash Guide for Beginners local pid
Page 41 and 42: MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla
Page 43 and 44: Bash Guide for Beginners franky ~>
Page 45 and 46: the GNU Awk programming language is
Page 47 and 48: Bash Guide for Beginners 3.2.4. Res
Page 49 and 50: LINES MACHTYPE MAILCHECK OLDPWD OPT
Page 51 and 52: two is the second positional parame
Page 53 and 54: Bash Guide for Beginners 3.3.1. Why
Page 55 and 56: A correctly-formed brace expansion
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Bash Guide for Beginners If the sub
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of the whitespace characters "space
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Bash Guide for Beginners /dev/hda5
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Bash Guide for Beginners 3.7. Summa
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Two regular expressions may be conc
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LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 If this
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cathy ~> ls -ld [[:digit:]]* drwxrw
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Bash Guide for Beginners p Print te
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sandy ~> sed -n '/a text/,/This/p'
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Bash Guide for Beginners # This is
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Chapter 6. The GNU awk programming
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Bash Guide for Beginners 121script.
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Bash Guide for Beginners amd.conf a
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Bash Guide for Beginners record1 re
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Bash Guide for Beginners 6.3.6. The
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Chapter 7. Conditional statements I
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Bash Guide for Beginners Table 7-2.
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Bash Guide for Beginners 7.1.2.2. N
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[root@elegance root]# We switch to
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Bash Guide for Beginners echo "Prop
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Bash Guide for Beginners We use the
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Bash Guide for Beginners case EXPRE
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Upon successful condition testing,
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Bash Guide for Beginners bit better
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8.2. Catching user input 8.2.1. Usi
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Bash Guide for Beginners michel ~/t
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Bash Guide for Beginners # DO NOT E
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File descriptor 5 Bash Guide for Be
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Bash Guide for Beginners The result
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Bash Guide for Beginners ♦ Compre
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Bash Guide for Beginners for i in `
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touch pic-`date +%s`.jpg sleep 300
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DISKFUL=$(df -h $WEBDIR | grep -v F
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;; 2) $FORTUNE startrek ;; 3) $FORT
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[carol@octarine ~/test] ls -a ./ ..
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Bash Guide for Beginners 9.7.2. Exa
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Chapter 10. More on variables In th
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Bash Guide for Beginners [bob in ~]
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if [ -z $1 ]; then echo "Usage: $0
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10.3.3. Transformations of variable
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Bash Guide for Beginners The opposi
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Chapter 11. Functions In this chapt
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The commands after && are only exec
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zip2 "$TAR" echo "...done." >> "$LO
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Chapter 12. Catching signals In thi
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Bash Guide for Beginners maud: ~> k
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Bash Guide for Beginners 2. Write a
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Bash Guide for Beginners jobs kill
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if [ $i -eq 5 ] ArrowUp+Enter or !!
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cd Change directory. cdp/cdplay An
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Bash Guide for Beginners gimp grep
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Send and receive mail. man Read man
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Bash Guide for Beginners rsh RPM Pa
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W Bash Guide for Beginners w Show w
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Index A aliases Section 3.5.1 ANSI-
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Bash Guide for Beginners Section 3.
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J Bash Guide for Beginners K kill k
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eadonly Section 10.1.3 regular expr
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Bash Guide for Beginners vi(m) Sect
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