Bash-Beginners-Guide

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alias e='vi' alias egrep='grep -E' alias ewformat='fdformat -n /dev/fd0u1743; ewfsck' alias fgrep='grep -F' alias ftp='ncftp -d15' alias h='history 10' alias fformat='fdformat /dev/fd0H1440' alias j='jobs -l' alias ksane='setterm -reset' alias ls='ls -F --color=auto' alias m='less' alias md='mkdir' alias od='od -Ax -ta -txC' alias p='pstree -p' alias ping='ping -vc1' alias sb='ssh blubber' alias sl='ls' alias ss='ssh octarine' alias tar='gtar' alias tmp='cd /tmp' alias unaliasall='unalias -a' alias vi='eval `resize`;vi' alias vt100='export TERM=vt100' alias which='type' alias xt='xterm -bg black -fg white &' franky ~> Aliases are useful for specifying the default version of a command that exists in several versions on your system, or to specify default options to a command. Another use for aliases is for correcting incorrect spelling. The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters, with the exception that the alias name may not contain "=". The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias ls to ls -F, for instance, and Bash will not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a space or tab character, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the expand_aliases option is set using the shopt shell built-in. 3.5.2. Creating and removing aliases Bash Guide for Beginners Aliases are created using the alias shell built-in. For permanent use, enter the alias in one of your shell initialization files; if you just enter the alias on the command line, it is only recognized within the current shell. franky ~> alias dh='df -h' franky ~> dh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hda7 1.3G 272M 1018M 22% / /dev/hda1 121M 9.4M 105M 9% /boot /dev/hda2 13G 8.7G 3.7G 70% /home /dev/hda3 13G 5.3G 7.1G 43% /opt none 243M 0 243M 0% /dev/shm /dev/hda6 3.9G 3.2G 572M 85% /usr Chapter 3. The Bash environment 52
Bash Guide for Beginners /dev/hda5 5.2G 4.3G 725M 86% /var franky ~> unalias dh franky ~> dh bash: dh: command not found franky ~> Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use alias in compound commands. Aliases are not inherited by child processes. Bourne shell (sh) does not recognize aliases. More about functions is in Chapter 11. Functions are faster Aliases are looked up after functions and thus resolving is slower. While aliases are easier to understand, shell functions are preferred over aliases for almost every purpose. 3.6. More Bash options 3.6.1. Displaying options We already discussed a couple of Bash options that are useful for debugging your scripts. In this section, we will take a more in-depth view of the Bash options. Use the -o option to set to display all shell options: willy:~> set -o allexport braceexpand emacs errexit hashall histexpand history ignoreeof interactive-comments keyword monitor noclobber noexec noglob nolog notify nounset onecmd physical off on on off on on on off on off on off off off off off off off off Chapter 3. The Bash environment 53
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Bash Guide for Beginners Table of C
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Table of Contents Glossary C.......
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Page 41 and 42: MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla
Page 43 and 44: Bash Guide for Beginners franky ~>
Page 45 and 46: the GNU Awk programming language is
Page 47 and 48: Bash Guide for Beginners 3.2.4. Res
Page 49 and 50: LINES MACHTYPE MAILCHECK OLDPWD OPT
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File descriptor 5 Bash Guide for Be
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Bash Guide for Beginners The result
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Bash Guide for Beginners ♦ Compre
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Bash Guide for Beginners for i in `
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touch pic-`date +%s`.jpg sleep 300
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DISKFUL=$(df -h $WEBDIR | grep -v F
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;; 2) $FORTUNE startrek ;; 3) $FORT
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[carol@octarine ~/test] ls -a ./ ..
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Bash Guide for Beginners 9.7.2. Exa
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Chapter 10. More on variables In th
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Bash Guide for Beginners [bob in ~]
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if [ -z $1 ]; then echo "Usage: $0
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10.3.3. Transformations of variable
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Bash Guide for Beginners The opposi
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Chapter 11. Functions In this chapt
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The commands after && are only exec
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zip2 "$TAR" echo "...done." >> "$LO
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Chapter 12. Catching signals In thi
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Bash Guide for Beginners maud: ~> k
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Bash Guide for Beginners 2. Write a
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Bash Guide for Beginners jobs kill
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if [ $i -eq 5 ] ArrowUp+Enter or !!
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cd Change directory. cdp/cdplay An
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Bash Guide for Beginners gimp grep
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Send and receive mail. man Read man
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Bash Guide for Beginners rsh RPM Pa
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W Bash Guide for Beginners w Show w
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Index A aliases Section 3.5.1 ANSI-
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Bash Guide for Beginners Section 3.
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J Bash Guide for Beginners K kill k
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eadonly Section 10.1.3 regular expr
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Bash Guide for Beginners vi(m) Sect
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