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<strong>Bash</strong> <strong>Guide</strong> for <strong>Beginners</strong><br />
jobs<br />
kill<br />
newgrp<br />
shift<br />
stop<br />
suspend<br />
time<br />
umask<br />
unset<br />
wait<br />
Show active jobs<br />
Terminate running jobs<br />
Change to a new group<br />
Shift positional parameters<br />
Suspend a background job<br />
Suspend a foreground job<br />
Time a command<br />
Set or list file permissions<br />
Erase variable or function definitions<br />
Wait for a background job to finish<br />
A.2. Differing features<br />
The table below shows major differences between the standard shell (sh), Bourne Again SHell (bash), Korn<br />
shell (ksh) and the C shell (csh).<br />
Shell compatibility<br />
Since the Bourne Again SHell is a superset of sh, all sh commands will also work in bash - but not vice<br />
versa. bash has many more features of its own, and, as the table below demonstrates, many features<br />
incorporated from other shells.<br />
Since the Turbo C shell is a superset of csh, all csh commands will work in tcsh, but not the other way<br />
round.<br />
Table A-2. Differing Shell Features<br />
sh bash ksh csh Meaning/Action<br />
$ $ $ %<br />
> file<br />
2>&1<br />
Default user<br />
prompt<br />
>| >| >! Force redirection<br />
&> file or > file 2>&1<br />
> file<br />
2>&1<br />
{ } { }<br />
`command` `command` or $(command)<br />
>& file<br />
$(command) `command`<br />
Redirect stdout<br />
and stderr to<br />
file<br />
Expand elements<br />
in list<br />
Substitute output<br />
of enclosed<br />
command<br />
$HOME $HOME $HOME $home Home directory<br />
var=value VAR=value<br />
~ ~ ~<br />
~+, ~-, dirs ~+, ~- =-, =N<br />
var=value<br />
set<br />
var=value<br />
Home directory<br />
symbol<br />
Access directory<br />
stack<br />
Variable<br />
assignment<br />
Appendix A. Shell Features 143
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