Research Report Abstracts - Gesundheit

eS586
Research Report Poster Display
Number: RR-PO-203-9-Thu Thursday 23 June 12:00
RAI: Exhibit Halls 2&3
EFFECTS OF CARRYING POSITION ON THE
MUSCLE ACTIVITIES OF THE SPINE AND LOWER
LIMB DURING WALKING
Kanzaki H., Suzuki S., Sasaki K., Minamisawa T., Nagase
T., Akatuka S., Takahashi T., Makabe H., Ihashi K.
Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Science, Physical
Therapy, Yamagata, Japan
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects
of carrying position on the muscle activities of the spine and
lower limb during walking.
Relevance: Results of this study can provide appropriate
guidance for protection of joints to a lot of patients and clarify
the reasons for the guidance in clinic.
Participants: The subjects were 12 healthy adults with no
previous history of orthopedic or central neurological disease.
Mean age is 23.4 years old, mean height is 171.0 cm and
mean weight is 64.0 kg. We publicly chose the participants
by announcing the purpose and contents of this study to the
students of our college.
Methods: The participants walk with no load or with a load
equivalent to 20% of their body weight. The four carrying
positions were “holding a bag on his or her back using the
padded straps (posterior-load),” “holding a bag anterior to
the chest with both hands (anterior-load),” “holding a bag in
their right hand (rt-hand-load)” and “holding a bag on their
right shoulder (rt-shoulder-load).” Using electromyography
(EMG), we measured the following six muscle activities of
each subject while walking along the course: bilateral erector
muscles of spine (ES), Gluteus medius muscles (Gm), and
vastus lateralis muscles (VL).
Analysis: We considered the average muscle potential in one
gait cycle divided by the average muscle potential in maximal
voluntary contraction (%MVC) as the index of muscle
activity during walking. One-way analysis of variance and
multiple comparisons by repeated measurement were used
to compare the muscle activities between no-load walking
and the four ways of carrying loads.
Results: The “posterior-load” group showed no significant
change in all muscle activities compared with the “noload”
group. The “anterior-load” group showed a significant
increase in Erector muscles of spine and Gluteus medius muscle
of both sides compared with the “no-load” group. In the
“right-hand-load” group, the muscle activities of ES and Gm
of the left side increased by about 100% and Vastus lateralis
of the right side, by about 50%. In the “right-shoulder-load”
group, Gluteus medius of the left side, Vastus lateralis of both
sides increased significantly.
Conclusions: (1) When the bag was held in one of the hands,
an excessive load might be added to the opposite side of the
spine. This excessive load also affected the knee joint of the
same side as the load, as well as the hip joint of the opposite
side. (2) When the bag was held anterior to the chest with
both hands, an excessive load might be added on the spine
and hip joints of both sides. (3) Carrying a bag on a person’s
back might be the carrying position that requires the least
increase of muscle activity among all carrying positions.
Implications: These results can provide effective information
to patients who have problems with their leg joints or
trunk. They can be provided with life guidance to reduce the
loading of joints.
Keywords: Carrying position; Muscle activity; Gait analysis
Funding acknowledgements: This work was supported by
JSPS KAKENHI (21500480).
Ethics approval: This research was conducted with the
consent of the ethical board of Yamagata Prefectural
University of Health Science.
Research Report Poster Display
Number: RR-PO-304-5-Thu Thursday 23 June 13:00
RAI: Exhibit Halls2&3
OPEN VS. CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISES
FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE
RECONSTRUCTION; THE DEBATE CONTINUES...
Kaplan Y.
Purpose: A systematic literature review on open (OKC) vs
closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises.
Relevance: Until recently, it was widely believed that open
OKC knee extensor resistance training was harmful to the
graft following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
(ACLR) and was less effective than closed-kinetic chain
exercises (CKCE) in improving functional return to sporting
activity. This however was based on few high quality controlled
trials, and in most cases represented a more speculative
approach to the subject.
Participants: Systematic review.
Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE (January
1966–August 2010), PEDro (to August 2010), EMBASE
(1974–August 2010), CINAHL (1982–August 2010) and the
Cochrane data base was conducted using the following search
terms: “open-kinetic chain exercises”, “closed kinetic chain
exercises”, “ACL rehabilitation”.
Analysis: Systematic review.
Results: Seventeen papers were found relevant to the subject
matter and were reviewed. Of these, seven were RCTs.
Quadriceps strength is significantly enhanced with the addition
of OKC exercises as opposed to CKC exercises alone.
There were no significant differences regarding knee laxity or
leg function between patients who trained using OKC versus
CKC exercises. Maximum ACL strain values obtained during
squatting (CKC) did not differ from those obtained during
active flexion-extension (OKC). No difference in knee pain
was found between OKC and CKC resistance exercises at
two and six weeks respectively. Biomechanical studies have