Em. Med. Annual Report 2011 - Hennepin County Medical Center

Department of 

® 

Medicine 

Every Life Matters 24/7 

2009–2010

Dear readers, 

Contents 

This activity report is our attempt to update 

you on the remarkable productivity of our 

Department of Emergency Medicine. We 

believe this document shows the vitality and 

passion of our faculty, residents, and ED 

staff, as well as their fondness towards and 

support of HCMC . 

As the editor of this report, I ask that you 

please forgive me for any inaccuracies that 

may be present in these pages. We have 

tried our best to get everything right, but it is 

likely that we have misrepresented, forgotten 

or ignored at least something. Any mistakes 

are likely to be ones of omission, and once I 

learn of them, I will include them the next 

time around! 

Many thanks to the E MED faculty for the 

material they contributed to this report and 

to the departmental office staff (especially 

Nancy Newkumet) for the many many hours 

they spent helping get this together and 

keeping the staff doctors organized. 

We hope you enjoy these pages and we 

vow to bring you more in the future! 

Keep in touch. 

Michelle Biros, MD MS 

Department of Emergency Medicine 

HCMC 

2 Department Overview 

Chiefʼs Letter, J. Clinton 

Mission Statement 

History of Department of 

Emergency Medicine, E. Ruiz 

14 Our Clinical Practice 

Overview from the Assistant Chiefs 

ED Statistics 

Pre-Hospital/Disaster Medicine 

Hyperbaric Medicine 

Emergency Ultrasound 

International Emergency Medicine Outreach 

24 The People of the ED 

26 The Clinical / Academic Faculty 

Faculty Profiles 

Our Residents 

Our Physician Assistants 

32 Medical Education 

Teaching the Next Generation 

Clinical Curriculum 

Simulation and Innovation 

Web Based Education 

Online Learning 

Our Fellows 

Students in Emergency Medicine 

38 Advancing the Science of 

Emergency Medicine 

The Research Associates Program 

Scholarly Achievemens 

External Grant Awards 

Publications | Peer Reviewed 

Publications | Abstracts | 

Scientific Presentations 

64 After Hours 

Department of Emergency Medicine Activities Report | 2009-2010 | 1

Overview from 

the Chief of Emergency Medicine 

It has been some time since we have taken the opportunity to tell you about what has been happening in 

our active and dynamic Department of Emergency Medicine. Our intermittently produced annual reports 

in past years have too often been omitted in favor of urgencies of the moment. We hope this activity 

report becomes an annual historical milestone of the continuing growth of our academic department. 

We continue to strive to deliver the highest quality emergency care to our patients while testing our 

existing and emerging practices with disciplined clinical research. Our academic research and 

educational activities provide the motivation for continued excellence. Clinical and academic innovations 

are constantly occurring in our fine institution. Visit our online conferences and instructional videos on our 

nationally acclaimed website at www.hqmeded.com for a flavor of these activities. 

You will read in this report on the progress of our Emergency Medicine Residency and subspecialty 

fellowships. Clinical simulation has become a key component of our clinical education. Our residency has 

grown to a total of 13 residents per year (11 EM plus 2 EM/IM). We will soon be graduating the first of our 

combined EM/IM residents from their five year program for a combined total of 13 graduates this year. 

We have trained a number of fellows in EMS, Hyperbaric Medicine, Ultrasound, Research Methodology, 

Toxicology and, most recently, in International EM. A required clerkship in Emergency Medicine at the 

University of Minnesota Medical School has existed for six years, providing a steady stream of medical 

students to our clinical setting, in addition to students from around the US traveling to HCMC for their 

emergency medicine clinical experience. 

We continue to enjoy the experience of Emergency Medicine in the uniquely suited environment of 

Hennepin County Medical Center. The rich diversity of our patient population and their pathologies 

makes each clinical shift a unique and interesting experience. We daily make clinical use of innovative 

technologies and management strategies, many of which have been developed and tested by our very 

talented faculty. 

I hope you enjoy reviewing the 2009-2010 Activity Report for the Department of Emergency Medicine. 

Joseph E. Clinton, M.D. 

Chief, Emergency Medicine 

2 | Department of Emergency Medicine Activities Report | 2009-2010


Mission Statement 

We, the faculty of the Department of 

Emergency Medicine, strive to excel as 

leaders in the specialty of Emergency 

Medicine.We are devoted to providing 

excellent care at any time, to any patient 

in need of emergency medical services both 

in the Emergency Department and in the 

greater community.We are determined to 

optimize the medical care and well-being 

of all patients by working within the 

Medical Center in a spirit of cooperation. 

We are committed to educational excellence 

in training physicians, students of medicine, 

allied health professionals, and the lay 

public in the prevention and management 

of acute illness or injury. 

We will advance the quality of emergency 

care everywhere by contributing new 

knowledge and skills obtained through 

active biomedical research and innovation 

in the practice of Emergency Medicine. 


A Thumbnail History of 

Emergency Medicine in the U.S. and 

Hennepin County Medical Center 

The Start 

The National Scene Post WWII by Ernest Ruiz, MD, FACEP 

Access to emergency room (ER) care across the 

U.S. in the fifties and sixties did not keep up with 

the needs of the growing post-war population. The 

numbers of practicing physicians had not kept 

pace with the growth. Many people began to use 

the ER as their primary source of medical care. 

Under-staffed, under-funded, and under-equipped, 

ERs were serious problems for most hospitals. 

Practicing physicians who staffed community 

hospitals were pressured by demands for their 

time. They were on-call to the ER during their 

non-clinic hours. Hospitals and their affected 

physician staff became open to ideas that might 

ease the situation. 

In 1961, an over-burdened practicing physician, 

James D. Mills in Alexandria, Va., decided to limit 

his practice to ER coverage. He pulled together a 

group of like-minded physicians to cover their 

community hospital ER around-the-clock. They 

would make a modest living at it. They became 

"specialists" in emergency care. James Mills 

(1920-1989), a respected general practitioner and 

proper gentleman, is credited as being the "father 

of emergency medicine." The "Alexandria Plan's" 

success encouraged physicians elsewhere to get 

organized as well. General practitioners John G. 

Wiegenstein in Lansing, Mich., Ralston R. Hannas 

in Sentinal, Oak., and Harris B. Graves in Omaha, 

Neb. joined or formed similar groups and 

vigorously carried the message onto the national 

stage. They envisioned that emergency care could 

be improved across the U.S. if physicians who 

4 | Department of Emergency Medicine Activities Report | 2009-2010 

chose emergency medicine as their livelihood had 

their own national organization. Wiegenstein 

(1930-2004) and seven others boldly formed a 

society called the American College of Emergency 

Physicians (ACEP) in 1968. ACEP met in 

Colorado the next year and 128 physicians 

attended. Hannas (1918-2005) and Harris 

(1928-1995) had joined in. ACEP is now widely 

accepted as the most effective sounding board for 

the practice of emergency medicine while strongly 

encouraging scientific progress. It has over 26,000 

members. The vision of these few men and 

women lives on. They looked forward to the 

establishment of residency training for emergency 

physicians and the attainment of primary board 

status for emergency medicine. 

Academia Stumbles Forward 

Meanwhile, academic institutions responsible for 

the big-city teaching hospitals assigned 

responsibility for their ERs to the departments of 

Surgery and Medicine. Although their residency 

training programs provided some medical 

manpower, the need for clinical experience in their 

specialties did not justify staffing the ER solely with 

their residents. The ER was as serious a problem 

in the "city hospitals" as it was in community 

hospitals. Unfortunately, the inter-departmental 

competition for scarce resources common to 

teaching hospitals at that time made the common 

sense approach used by James Mills impossible. 

The obvious solution was to create a residency 

program for emergency medicine. This was not an 

option because it would have encroached on the

Ernie Ruiz, MD stands before his 

portrait, commissioned on the opening 

of the Ernie Ruiz Emergency Medicine 

Residentʼs Library, 2006 

privileges and resources provided to the existing 

specialties. A crisis was needed to make a change. 

The race riots in Cincinnati, Ohio in the late sixties 

provided a crisis. The University of Cincinnati's 

Cincinnati General Hospital ER was crowded with 

patients who perceived their care as poor and 

were dissatisfied with long waits. A young internal 

medicine staff physician, Herbert Flessa, was 

directed by hospital leaders to come up with a 

plan. He saw a short and long-term solution if a 

residency in emergency medicine could be 

established. He was joined by a young 

neurosurgeon, H. Paul Lewis, in drawing up a 

curriculum and making arrangements for such a 

residency. They were unable to find a path to 

official recognition but went ahead anyway and 

recruited the first resident, Bruce Janiak, in 1970. 

This was nine years after James Mills started his 

plan. Flessa, Lewis and other staff assigned to the 

ER by the hospital were not dedicated to the 

practice of emergency medicine and left to 

practice their own specialties. The residency 

struggled along for a few years and almost 

2:00 am

Emergency Department at HCMC in 1971 

disappeared but managed to produce leaders in 

emergency medicine. Richard Levy, a recent 

graduate, became its head in 1977 and 

developed a strong education and researchoriented 

department while putting community 

dissatisfaction to rest. It remains one of the 

strongest EM residencies in the U.S. 

The news that a residency in Emergency Medicine 

had begun at the University of Cincinnati was 

reported in 1970 in a national news magazine. 

Five new residencies in Emergency Medicine 

began more or less simultaneously in 1971-1972 

in these teaching hospitals: Los Angeles County 

General Hospital; Hennepin County General 

Hospital (HCGH); Medical College of 

Pennsylvania in Philadelphia; Louisville General 

Hospital and the University of Chicago. The ERs 


were now called Emergency Departments (EDs). 

Just 3 years later, 32 EM residencies were 

in operation. 

EMS Arrives 

In 1970, a society called the University Association 

for Emergency Medical Services (UA/EMS) was 

formed by surgeons interested in pre-hospital and 

ED management of trauma as well as in academic 

emergency department improvements. Advances 

in field management of battle wounds by "medics" 

and in helicopter transport to medical facilities 

during the Vietnam War offered exciting 

possibilities. The new EM residency at Los 

Angeles County, led by Gail V. Anderson Sr., 

graduated a resident, Ronald Stewart, who taught 

one of the first paramedic programs in the country 

in 1971. The surgeons realized that EMS

development on the civilian front was a very time 

consuming undertaking as was ED management. 

Many academic trauma surgeons, already 

over-committed to their surgical services, readily 

relinquished their positions in the society as 

emergency physicians got involved. UA/EMS 

became UAEM in 1976 when David Wagner, Chair 

of EM at the Medical College of Pennsylvania was 

President and the membership was mostly 

emergency physicians affiliated with EM 

residencies. UAEM, with Ernest Ruiz of HCMC as 

President and the Society of Teachers of 

Emergency Medicine (STEM), with Mary Ann 

Cooper of the University of Illinois as President, 

joined in 1989 to form the Society for Academic 

Emergency Medicine (SAEM). SAEM is the 

research arm of emergency medicine. SAEM 

hosts an annual meeting featuring research 

presentations attended by about 1,700 residents, 

faculty, students, and others. EMS advances and 

EMS research remain vital interests among 

SAEM members. 

Well Earned Respect 

Emergency physicians were considered itinerant 

know-nothings by the elite of some specialties in 

the sixties. Board status was needed for 

emergency medicine. ACEP appointed members 

to a committee on board establishment in 1974. 

This group worked with the American Board of 

Medical Specialties (ABMS) to gain acceptance as 

a primary board. Committee member Peter Rosen, 

EM Director at the University of Chicago and a 

staunch enemy of dishonesty, famously answered 

endless wavering from the specialties with blunt 

invective. Nevertheless, progress was painfully 

slow. The first step was to develop and administer 

an oral and written examination designed to certify 

an emergency physician capable of making good 

decisions in any emergency situation. This test 

developed by UAEM and ACEP members was to 

be the American Board of Emergency Medicine 

(ABEM) examination. It was successfully 

administered in 1980 and those who passed it 

became board certified by an EM "Conjoint 

Board." An important step was the publishing by 

ACEP in 1979 of Emergency Medicine, a 

Comprehensive Study Guide, the brainchild of 

Judith E. Tintinalli, EM Residency Director at 

Wayne State/Detroit Receiving. The test takers 

were expected to be knowledgeable of all 

emergencies across all specialties and this text 

made board preparation a feasible task. Ronald 

Krome, Director of EM at Wayne State/Detroit 

Receiving and Ruiz were co-editors of the 2nd 

edition with Tintinalli. Several HCMC EM, surgery, 

neurosurgery, and medicine staff members 

contributed chapters. Finally, Primary Board Status 

in the ABMS was obtained in 1989, while Joseph 

Clinton, then Assistant Chief of EM at HCMC, was 

President of ABEM. 

Ref: Zink, Brian J: Anyone, anything, anytime: a history of 

emergency medicine, Philadelphia, 2006, Mosby, Inc. 

Busy Hennepin County General Hospital Emergency 

Department, 1950-1967 


Part 2: A Thumbnail History of 

Emergency Medicine at 

Hennepin County Medical Center 

by Ernest Ruiz, MD, FACEP 

Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) evolved 

from Minneapolis City Hospital (1887-1901), 

Minneapolis General Hospital (1901-1964), and 

Hennepin County General Hospital (1964-1974.) 

In 1955, Professor Owen Wangensteen, Chair of 

the Department of Surgery at the University of 

Minnesota (UM), assigned one of his surgeons, 

Claude R. Hitchcock (1920-1994), to the 

Minneapolis General Hospital (MGH) to be Chief 

of the Department of Surgery. The ER was already 

run by a surgery department that consisted of 

academically inclined community surgeons who 

donated their time to teach and supervise. The ER 

was usually staffed by interns and one first year 

surgery resident. Hitchcock's arrival enlivened the 

hospital with his energy and his love for teaching 

and research. Like his mentor, he was a stern 

administrator and believed that medicine was a 

24/7 occupation. The hospital became well known 

for its surgical expertise, especially for trauma and 

cancer surgery. 

In 1965, hospital and nursing administrations 

selected Hildred Prose, RN, an ER staff nurse 

since 1951, to become Director of Emergency 

Services, answering directly to Hitchcock. The ER 

had become very busy, overcrowded, and 

understaffed. She was a strong advocate for the 

ER patient. She became a thorn in the side of 

administration and that of Hitchcock with her 

admonitions about staffing and space needs. In 

the late sixties, the ER was remodeled and 


enlarged, expanding into space that had been the 

ambulance garage. Hitchcock also encouraged 

the ambulance service to train its "drivers" with 

basic emergency skills. Interns were no longer 

required to ride ambulances. Still, the ER 

remained overcrowded. The sixties saw the advent 

of Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) that 

could be initiated pre-hospital. Ambulance 

personnel and fire fighters applied this new skill 

enthusiastically. Persons previously pronounced 

dead in the community were now rushed, CPR in 

progress, to the ER already teeming with patients. 

Although attempts were made to resuscitate them 

in ER cubicle space, monitoring equipment and 

other tools were lacking. Prose wrote long memos 

to Hitchcock about problems. He was already 

extremely busy leading his department in vital 

areas, such as renal transplantation and wound 

infection treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation. 

In 1971, Hitchcock called Ernest Ruiz, a general 

surgeon on his staff, to his office and asked him to 

"run the ER." Ruiz was four years out of his 

surgery residency. He had experience in trauma 

surgery and knew that improvements could be 

made. After conferring with his wife about the 

consequences of this new assignment, they 

agreed that it was the right thing to do. He met 

with Hitchcock to accept the offer. Ruiz specified 

that it was on condition that the ER was to be 

under his control without interference from 

Hitchcock or the other departments – it was to be 

an Emergency Department (ED) instead of an ER.

Hitchcock nodded his approval. No papers were 

signed. Ruiz became Chief of the ED. He 

remained on the surgical staff and helped provide 

surgical coverage for fifteen more years. 

Ruiz found that he had much to learn if he was 

going to be an emergency physician as well as a 

general surgeon. One never knew what was going 

to come through the door next. It was obvious that 

residency training in EM was needed. Two second 

year surgery residents, G. Patrick Lilja and Robert 

S. Long (1938-2005) were drawn to the ED by its 

variety and intensity. They had read an article in a 

news magazine describing the new residency in 

EM at Cincinnati General and called it to Ruiz's 

attention. Within days Ruiz put together a 

curriculum and sent it off to the fledgling ACEP for 

a reaction. No response returned, but the 

residency was started anyway in the fall of 1971 

with Lilja and Long as the first residents. Hitchcock 

allowed the two residents to switch to EM and 

even agreed to continue their stipends for the 

remainder of their year. The various services 

welcomed the additional support from EM 

residents. Hitchcock never told Ruiz he approved 

of EM, but his support for the residency showed 

his willingness to give it a chance. 

In 1972, one of Ruiz's first goals was to stop the 

practice of rushing critical patients "upstairs." A 

well equipped room in the ED should be kept 

ready for such patients. Prose was in complete 

agreement, having observed the dangers of the 

rush-upstairs practice as an ED nursing director. 

An ENT exam room could be refurbished as a 

"Stabilization Room." Prose successfully recruited 

a respected Night Supervisor who was expert in 

getting critical care initiated. Audrey Kuhne, RN 

(1929-2005) joined the ED nursing staff in 1973 

and helped the Stabilization Room effort obtain 

hospital-wide credibility 

and support. Ruiz and 

Kuhne were successful 

scavengers of equipment 

and supplies from 

throughout the hospital. 

Some equipment was of 

their own design and 

G. Patrick Lilja, MD 

made from scratch. The 

Stabilization Room 

contained the equipment necessary to resuscitate 

almost any kind of emergency patient to the point 

that he or she could be safely moved. Many 

innovations were introduced there. For example, 

cardiac ultrasound was first used there to 

diagnose cardiac tamponade on presentation to 

an ED. Not all cases could be "stabilized," but IVs 

could be started, airways opened, x-rays and labs 

obtained, and life-saving measures taken while an 

operating room or intensive care area got ready. 

To our knowledge, the Stabilization Room was the 

first of its kind in the U.S. It can be stated that it 

started a new age in emergency care. 

Lilja and Long graduated from the EM residency 

in 1972 and became EM staff. They almost 

immediately began a first-of-its-kind program of 

training pre-hospital personnel in emergency skills 

on their own initiative. This included HCMC 

ambulance "drivers," police, and firefighters. The 

ambulance drivers became Emergency Medical 

Technicians (EMT) and Paramedics according to 

the skill level they achieved. ED nurses lamented 

that Lilja and Long were not always in the ED, but 

when patients arrived in better condition, they 

appreciated their efforts. 

In 1973, Ruiz was in the ED when a call came 

from the airport reporting that an airliner was about 

to land without its landing gear. The runway was 

7:00 am

eing foamed. Ruiz and a resident grabbed 

emergency equipment bags and went to the 

airport in two ambulances. An ambulance from 

another hospital also went to the airport. The plane 

skidded in safely and all was well. Ruiz, however, 

was disturbed by the lack of coordination and 

communication between hospitals and rescue 

services made evident by the happenstance 

response to the near-disaster. At that time there 

was suspicion between hospitals that ambulances 

were out to steal patients. Some police and fire 

departments were ambivalent about training in 

emergency care. Radio communication between 

all of the participants was unreliable. Ruiz called a 

meeting of police chiefs, fire chiefs, emergency 

department directors, ambulance services, 

hospital administrators, and Hennepin County 

administrators. All agreed that a coordinated 

emergency response system for all emergencies 

was needed. The group learned that a competition 

for a $400,000 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 

grant was being offered to stimulate municipalities 

to improve emergency communications and 

training. Lilja and Long and others put together the 

grant request. It was awarded to Hennepin County 

with Lilja as primary investigator. It resulted in a 

state-of-the art communications system, 

paramedic training and certification, cardiac 

defibrillators for pre-hospital use and, ultimately, 

the West Metro EMS system. 

Emergency Medical Services (EMS), created and 

nurtured under the careful leadership of Lilja and 

Long, has grown into one of the premier EMS 

systems in the U.S. Hennepin County is now 

served by five ambulance services staffed by 

career paramedics. Air medical services are now 

provided by LifeLink and North Aircare. Pat Lilja 

was a prime mover in establishing helicopter 

service in this area. He served as the EM Director 

at North Memorial Medical Center and Medical 


Director of North Aircare. In 1985, Brian Mahoney, 

HCMC EM staff physician, met with Ed Lord of the 

Veterans Administration to start the Twin Cities 

chapter of the National Disaster Medical System 

(NDMS). Annual drills involving 50 organizations 

from the East and West Metros are held. When 

Grand Forks, N.D. was flooded in 1997, NDMS 

evacuated patients from hospitals there to the 

Twin Cities using C130 aircraft. Mutual support 

also paid off when the 35W bridge fell into the 

Mississippi River in 2007. In a little over an hour 

all victims were cleared from the scene. EM staff 

physician, John Hick, is a respected 

spokesperson, teacher and hands-on leader in 

Minnesota's Bioterrorism and Disaster 

Preparedness efforts. In the 70ʼs, HCMC surgeons 

and emergency physicians were leaders in 

establishing a regional trauma system. The 

Emergency Medical Services Advisory Council of 

the State Health Department identified trauma 

receiving hospitals throughout the state. They 

were designated Level 1, 2, or 3 Trauma Centers 

according to American College of Surgeons 

guidelines. In the 90ʼs, EMS placed Automatic 

External Defibrillators (AED) in the hands of first 

responder agencies. Many lives have been saved 

by fire fighters, police, and sheriffs who 

successfully defibrillated patients in cardiac arrest. 

Studies found that most of the high quality 

neurologic saves were in patients defibrillated 

early using an AED. Our Paramedics have been 

doing prehospital 12 lead electrocardiograms for 

years. They activate the cardiac catheterization lab 

from the field for ST elevation myocardial 

infarctions. HCMC Interventionalists have the best 

door-to-open-vessel time in the country. EMS 

education staff train over 2,000 EMTʼs and first 

responders a year. EMS has also conducted vital 

prehospital research including three National 

Institute of Health funded studies: Public Access 

Defibrillation; ResQ (enhanced CPR) Trial; and the

Rapid Anti-seizure 

Medication Prior to Arrival 

Trial (RAMPART). Jeff Ho, 

an EM staff physician, 

has monitored TASER 

use by law enforcement 

in our area and offers 

scientifically sound 

Robert Long, MD 

recommendations for its 

(1938-2005) 

use. Drs. Ho, Hick and 

Mahoney provide field supervision of HCMC 

ambulance paramedics. 

HCMC, including the ED, is on the cutting edge of 

the digital documentation revolution. This has 

been possible in the ED because both nursing and 

physician staff have been led by leaders with 

computing skills. Marsha Zimmerman, RN, and 

Joseph Clinton, MD have patiently overcome the 

difficulties associated with this huge challenge. 

Other departments, especially Medical Imaging, 

have also contributed. 

The Crisis Intervention Center (CIC), now called 

Acute Psychiatric Services (APS), had its 

beginning in Minneapolis General Hospital in the 

60's when a telephone on the ER nurse's desk 

was dedicated to "suicide calls." In 1967 Zigfrids 

Stelmachers (1928-2006), a Ph.D. Psychologist in 

the Psychiatry Department, arranged for Mental 

Health Center staff to relieve ER nursing staff of 

this responsibility. In 1968 a small area adjacent to 

the ER was added to allow face-to-face interviews 

between mentally unstable or depressed patients 

presenting to the ER and clinical psychologists. 

This unit, under Stelmacher's direction, was the 

first hospital based CIC in the country. In the 70's, 

the role of the CIC was expanded to help in the 

evaluation and disposition of patients being held in 

"holding rooms" of the ED. Conversely, EM staff 

helped CIC staff evaluate medical problems. This 

cooperative arrangement continues between the 

ED and APS. 

HCMC's Poison Control Center (PCC) began in 

the middle 70's when the numbers of calls about 

possible or real poisoning and drug reactions 

caused medical staff to be called away from 

patient care. In 1974, Ruiz and Prose interviewed 

applicants for a clerical position to assist. Alice 

Lang (1914-2004) had no background in similar 

services, but she was hired. She proved to be an 

angel. She enthusiastically found ways to make 

the service efficient and as helpful as possible. 

She found ways to keep poison dangers before 

the public. She sought expert advice from 

botanists and authored a popular book on plant 

poisoning. The UM College of Pharmacy saw the 

new PCC as a good resource for pharmacy 

graduates. Dr. Ed Krenzelok worked with Lang, 

EM, and the College to make the PCC among the 

best in the country. Enough trained staff were 

brought on-board to provide 24 hour coverage. Dr. 

Louis Ling, EM staff physician with an interest and 

expertise in toxicology replaced Krenzelok when 

he became Director of the Pittsburg Childrenʼs 

Hospital Poison Center in 1984. The Poison Control 

Center continues as a state-wide public treasure. 

Hyperbaric Medicine came to HCGH in 1964. 

Hitchcock had read articles written by Professor of 

Surgery Ite Boerema at the University of 

Amsterdam, Holland, regarding the successful 

treatment of gas gangrene infections by 

administering oxygen to afflicted patients in a high 

pressure chamber. Gas gangrene results from 

Clostridium infections. Clostridium bacteria are 

anaerobes that cannot survive in tissue that is well 

oxygenated. This form of infection had a very high 

mortality rate and was not uncommon in post 

surgical patients and in trauma patients. Hitchcock 

used his genius for obtaining financial support to 


The Hyperbaric Chamber in 1964 

receive a National 

Institutes of Health grant 

for a state-of-the-art 

multi-place hyperbaric 

chamber and its 

supporting research 

facility located on the 

same block as the old 

Claude Hitchcock, MD 

(1920-1994) 

General. A large 

contribution from a private 

benefactor also helped make it possible. The first 

patient was treated in 1964. HCGH became the 

Hyperbaric Oxygenation (HBO) center for the 

middle of the U.S. Many lives have been saved as 

a result. Some of the hoped-for benefits of 

hyperbaric oxygenation for certain conditions of 

hypoxia did not pass scientific study. Myocardial 

ischemia did not respond. However, HBO has 

remained life-saving in the treatment of severe 

bends, carbon monoxide poisoning, air embolism, 


and anaerobe infections. It is also beneficial for 

several forms of poor healing resulting from poor 

tissue oxygenation. Because many cases 

presented as emergencies, it was natural that EM 

would assume responsibility for the HBO service 

when the two surgeons most involved in 

hyperbaric medicine, Hitchcock and Dr. John 

Haglin (1920-2001), Assistant Chief of Surgery, 

retired. Surgery and other departments have 

access to the HBO facility through EM. Cheryl 

Adkinson, MD, an emergency physician also 

board certified in Undersea and Hyperbaric 

Medicine (UHM), is Director of Hyperbaric 

Medicine. She directs the HBO Facility and its 

certified UHM nursing and engineering personnel. 

She is assisted by Robert Collier, MD and Eric 

Gross, MD, also EM staff physicians boarded in 

UHM. EM has been pleased to collaborate with 

Dr. Gaylan Rockswold, Chief of Neurosurgery, and 

other surgeons in exploring the uses of HBO.

Thirty-seven years after its beginning, over 260 

EM physicians have graduated from the HCMC 

residency. Many are practicing in Minnesota. Many 

have provided service to their communities and to 

the specialty. Two have reached the academic 

level of Professor of Emergency Medicine. Joseph 

Clinton, the current Chief of EM at HCMC and 

Professor and Department Head of EM at the 

University of Minnesota, is a 1977 graduate. G. 

Patrick Lilja, a 1972 graduate, is a Clinical 

Professor of Emergency Medicine. He supervises 

EM residents on rotation at North Memorial 

Medical Center. Two EM staff members who 

trained at other residencies have reached the 

professor level. Professor Louis Ling, HCMC 

emergency physician, is a graduate of the 

University of Chicago EM program. He is Assistant 

Medical Director of HCMC, and Associate Dean 

for Academic Affairs for the UM Medical School. 

Professor Michelle Biros, a Cincinnati EM 

Residency graduate and HCMC EM Associate 

Research Director, served as SAEM's 

Editor-in-Chief of Academic Emergency Medicine 

from 1998 to 2008. Other staff have held 

important national positions. Some have received 

distinguished awards. Over 2000 articles have 

been published in scientific journals. 

a few rooms in the basement of the new hospital 

to house a collection of documents, photos, 

equipment, and written histories of experiences 

she and others had saved. This formally became 

the HCMC Historical Museum in 1994. Audrey 

Kuhne and Donna Hoover, RN, Medicine Service 

Supervisor, among many others, helped Prose 

upgrade and maintain the exhibits in the museum. 

Prose fully retired in 2008 after 60 years of service. 

The museum is now open to the public. It is under 

the direction of retired Nursing Administrators, 

Rondine Mehling and Carol Oeltjenbruns. 

Ref: Plummer D, Brunette D, Asinger R, Ruiz E: Emergency 

department echocardiography improves outcome in penetrating 

cardiac injury. Ann Emerg Med 21(6):708-12, 1992. 

Holtan N: Hennepin County Medical Center's History Museum. 

Metro Doctors: The journal of the East and West Metro Medical 

Societies Jan/Feb: 17-19, 2009. 

Hildred Prose RN, the 

intrepid ED Nursing Director 

who instigated so much 

progress retired from her 

clinical duties in 1965 and 

The HCMC Historical Museum 

became determined to 

preserve the history of "the 

General." The move to the 

Hillie Prose, RN 

new hospital in 1976 could 

See http://vimeo.com/7377333 

for an interview with Ernie and other 

have meant a disastrous loss of historic 

leaders in EM about mentorship, 

documents and equipment were it not for Prose. 

leadership and the development 

She convinced hospital administration, with 

of our specialty. 

support from the HCMC Service League, to devote 

12:00 pm

Doug Brunette, MD Bill Heegaard, MD 

Our Clinical Practice 

Overview from 

the Assistant Chiefs of Emergency Medicine 

Our last “annual” report was produced in 1998. The intervening years have brought many changes to our 

department. The numbers of the faculty, residents, physician extenders and mid level providers have 

increased along with our annual ED census and the acuity of our patients. We have witnessed increasing 

complexity of the practice of emergency medicine and the changing health care environment. Our 

patients are sicker, but managed with an ever-increasing desire and need to treat patients on an 

observational or outpatient basis. 

Significant modifications to the physical plant, as well as infrastructure occurred. Our Urgent Care Center 

was moved immediately adjacent to the main emergency department and renamed Emergency Express 

Care. EmStat, the electronic medical record specific for emergency medicine and utilized by our 

department for 13 years, was replaced with the hospital wide EPIC system. Medical imaging, electrocardiography 

and emergency department ultrasonography entered the digital age. 

The health care environment has been dramatically altered, by many factors not the least of which is passage 

of the Patient Affordable Care Act of 2010. Terms such as Accountable Care Organizations, Pay for 


Performance, Meaningful Use, Patient and Family Centered Care, Core Measures, and Press Ganey 

among many others have become standard medical lexicon. 

Our dedicated clinical and support staff has made it easy for us to keep up with the pace of change. In 

2010 the ED cared for over 100,000 patients with over 3000 critical care cases. Both time in the 

department and time to admission decreased compared to previous years. We have streamlined triage 

with the implementation of immediate placement of patients into open Emergency Department and 

Express Care beds with excellent responses from patients and staff. 

Partnership with our referring hospitals has been a major focus of the HCMC Emergency Department 

since its inception. In 2010 we successfully grew our trauma referrals statewide, committed to and 

succeeded in achieving both our Adult and Pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center certifications with the 

American College of Surgeons and continued to provide some of the fastest times from symptom onset to 

percutaneous coronary interventions and TIMI III flow in the nation. We have worked with our neurological 

and radiological colleagues to build one of the best acute stroke care centers in the Midwest. 

The department has excelled in research. Newly developed over the past several years is the Research 

Associate program, instrumental in facilitating clinical research in our department. It provides an 

outstanding medical experience for college students interested in medicine as a career, as well as 

medical students interested in emergency medicine as a specialty of choice. 

Educational outreach continues to be a cornerstone of the HCMC Emergency Medicine Department. In 

2009- 2010, we taught 248 medical students from over 40 schools in their clinical rotations of emergency 

medicine. We also taught nursing students, PA students and paramedic students doing clinical rotations. 

Over 140 off-service residents did 4-6 week clinical rotations in the ED. In 2010 we provided several 

continuing education courses, ranging from paramedic certification classes to eight hour individual 

physician procedural teaching laboratories. Under the direction of Dr. Jeff Ho we launched a new 

educational venue named the Tactical Emergency Medical Peace Officer or TEMPO © course. Dr. Rob 

Reardon continues to teach several ultrasound courses every year to community-based EPs. 

This brief listing just scratches the surface of our commitment to life-long medical learning. Heraclitus of 

Ephesus (c.535 BC-475 BC) was a Greek philosopher, known for his doctrine of change being central to 

the universe. Change is also central to the practice of emergency medicine. We look forward to the 

challenges that change in the practice of emergency medicine will inevitably bring. The one thing that has 

not changed in these intervening years is our departmental mission. We embrace the triad of state-of-the-art 

clinical care, creative and passionate teaching and innovative research. This mission is alive and well in 

the HCMC Department of Emergency Medicine. We look forward to another exceptional year in 2011 and 

we welcome you to our Activity Report for 2009-2010. 

Warm regards, 

Dr. Douglas Brunette 

Dr. William Heegaard 


Emergency Department Statistics 

Census 2009 2010 

TOTAL 101,196 96,068 

Main ED 69,847 69,850 

Pediatric ED 13,578 (13.4 %) 10,836(11.3 %) 

Express Care 17,771 15,382 

Stabilization Room 3,508 (36 % trauma) 3,406 (37 % trauma) 

Other Characteristics 2009 2010 

All Admissions 14,569 (14. 3%) 14,222 (14. 8%) 

Inpatient 12,515 11,739 

Observation 

Time in Department 

2,054 2,483 

Admissions 5 hr 8 min 4 hr 59 min 

Discharged 3 hr 45 min 3 hr 4 min 

Clinical Team Work 

Trauma Services 2009 2010 

Admits 2,769 2,669 

From ED and STAB Room 1,725 1,408 

Level I Trauma Activations 181 192 

Level II Trauma Activations 520 473 

Trauma Transfers 888 828 

Pediatric Trauma (age 0-14 yrs) 336 343 

Cardiology 2009 2010 

Pre-hospital Cath Lab Activations for AMI 67 90 

Therapeutic Hypothermia NA 94 

Neurocritical Care 2009 2010 

ED Stroke Codes 167 253 

Transfers/Outreach Admissions 120 80 (though 9/10) 

Door to tPA in Ischemic CVA 51 min (n=27) 49 (n=40) 


EMS and Disaster Medicine 

At 6:03 pm on August 1, 2007, the Interstate 35W bridge over 

the Mississippi River collapsed, creating a nearly 1 mile long 

incident scene. Within minutes, Hennepin Emergency Medical 

Services (EMS) responded with initial ambulances and 

supervisors. Twenty-nine ambulances transported a total of 50 

patients to area hospitals. In some cases, pickup trucks were 

used to access areas that ambulances could not. Due to a rapid 

and coordinated response, all patients were off the scene within 

95 minutes after the collapse, despite the significant hazards and 

access problems. 

Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) activated their full disaster plan for the first time in over a 

decade, calling in additional staff and mobilizing resources. Twenty-eight rooms in the emergency 

department were cleared, and within one hour, ten operating rooms and 22 intensive care beds had been 

opened. Twenty-four patients were transported to HCMC, many in critical condition. Eight emergency 

surgeries were required including a cesarean section delivering a baby in distress to one of the severely 

injured victims. Both mother and baby went on to make a full recovery. 

As the closest Level I trauma center, HCMC received all of the critical patients from the incident. Fortunately, 

both EMS and the hospital had more than adequate capacity, thanks in part to previous planning and 

training for disaster events. This tragedy claimed 13 lives, fortunately none of those deaths occurred after 

hospital arrival. Though disaster preparedness played a role, it was the daily familiarity with managing 

critical trauma that contributed the most to the successful response: from accurate triage by EMS 

personnel, to expedient care in the emergency department, the operating rooms, intensive care, and 

attentive rehabilitation. As one of our staff commented to NBC ʻThis is who we are, and this is what we do.ʼ 

John Hick, MD 

Medical Director for Emergency Preparedness 

EMS 2009 2010 

TOTAL HCMC service calls 55,000 58,000 

(74.5% medical) (75.6% medical) 

Transported to HCMC 16,500 16,700


35W Bridge Collapse 

over Mississippi River

6:03 pm

Hyperbaric Medicine 

Two thousand ten was a big year for HCMCʼs Hyperbaric Medicine Program. First, the program was 

re-accredited by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (like JCAHO in this role) with distinction. 

There are only 60 UHMS certified programs in the U.S. and just a few certified with distinction. 

Second, we had our first Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) site visit for the 

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Fellowship. The bad news is the process is the same for a fellowship 

with one fellow as it is for an entire EM residency program. The good news is that it went very well. We 

received the longest possible re-accreditation of five years. There are currently only 6 ACGME certified 

fellowships in hyperbaric medicine. Hopefully this number will grow, as it is now necessary to do an 

ACGME fellowship to sit for the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine subspecialty boards. 

Third and most exciting, 2010 was the year that all prior efforts to get a new hyperbaric facility came 

together. The Minnesota State legislature allocated $5M for the renovation of hospital space for a new 

hyperbaric facility, which, along with some stimulus money, allowed us to move forward with the $5M 

previously allocated for the purchase of a new chamber. 

HDR architects have worked very closely with our nurse manager, lead technician and myself on details 

of the facility design, which went out for bid in April 2010. Unless the design puts us seriously over 

budget, this will result in a superb space for patient care and ongoing head trauma research. With respect 

to the chambers, likewise, we have had the opportunity to work very closely over the past 2 years with 

Fink Engineering to make the chambers better than any in use around the world. 

Groundbreaking on the building renovation, Level I North Block, occured mid-May 2011. The chambers 

will arrive on campus the first week of November 2012. The new facility will open for patient care in April 

2012. There will be minimal disruption in patient care, as patients will continue to be treated in our current 

facility until the new one is ready. How sweet it is! 

With all of this going on in 2010, we maintained our clinical activity during a bad economic year with 3,131 

treatments, including 142 emergency treatments (130 in 2009), 128 consultations, and 62 TCO2 procedures. 

Cher Adkinson, MD 

Director, Underseas and Hyperbaric Medicine 

HBO 2009 2010 

TOTAL treatments 3035 3331 

CO poisoning treatments 95 72 

Decompression illness 3 5 

Life/limb threatening soft tissue infections 32 57 

Gas emboli 0 8 


Emergency Ultrasound 

Our department has been a leader in the field of 

emergency ultrasound. We use emergency US on a daily 

basis in both clinical practice and research. Residents 

learn US with hands-on formal teaching, US workshops 

and under direct mentorship while working in the ED. 

We currently have twelve ultrasound machines with full 

wireless conductivity. Two are permanently mounted in the 

Stabilization Room and two are mounted in our pelvic 

examination rooms. 

We perform a variety of bedside ultrasound exams including procedures, gallbladder, renal, OB-GYN, 

FAST, thoracic cardiac/echo, aorta, fluid status/IVC, DVT, ocular, musculoskeletal and fracture reductions. 

In 2009, we performed and recorded 9,488 exams of all types. In 2010, a total of 10,909 exams were 

performed. Most exams were FAST, Cardiac and OB-GYN ultrasonographic studies. 

Our department employs a full time dedicated sonographer who oversees the ultrasound education and 

explores opportunities for growth within our residency program. We use the OsiriX system, which is a 

DICOM PACS workstation for imaging. This allows us to monitor ultrasound exams in real time. It also 

allows us to have an extensive digital library of ED ultrasound images for educational purposes. 

Rob Reardon, MD 

Director, Emergency Medicine Ultrasound 

The 

Hyperbaric 

Chamber 

Liberty Caroon, an ED Sonographer, assists with an 

emergency ultrasound 


International Emergency Medicine Outreach 

Our commitment to the delivery of good 

emergency care has no geographic boundaries 

and the spirit of adventure that makes our practice 

so unique has also inspired our faculty and 

residents to venture outside our ED walls. Over 

the last few years, department members have 

volunteered their medical services, administrative 

expertise, and teaching talents to hospitals and 

clinics in developing areas of the world, including 

India, Africa, Central and South America and Haiti, 

to name just a few. Often, medical students 

accompany us on these medical missions. 

These volunteer activities have offered a challenging 

and humbling experience, and have underscored 

the importance of international outreach. 

Estimates by the World Health Organization 

suggest that the burden of disease in the 

developing world will shift from lower respiratory 

disease, diarrheal disease and perinatal 

conditions, to diseases that classically predominate 

within the developed world. Ischemic heart 

disease, unipolar depressive disease and road 

traffic accidents are projected to be the top three 

contributors to the developing worldʼs disease 

burden, comprising greater than 20 percent of the 

total by the year 2020. These projections provide a 

unique opportunity to take the lessons learned 

during the maturation of Emergency Medicine in 

the United States and implement both educational 

and public health policies that will have an 

enormous and efficient impact. 

To that end, a Fellowship in International 

Emergency Medicine was founded in a joint effort 

between HCMC and the University of Minnesota 

andl “graduated” itʼs first fellow, Dr. Stephen 

Dunlop, in July 2011. During this 2 year fellowship, 


Dr. Dunlop completed a Masters in Public Health 

focusing on Healthcare in the Developing world, a 

Certificate of Knowledge in Clinical Tropical 

Medicine and Travelersʼ Health from the American 

Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 

Dr. Dunlop has just returned from a 6 month 

assignment as Director of Outpatient Services at 

Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre in Arusha, Tanzania. 

We will continue to provide care to 

developing countries, not only through our 

international fellowship but also though 

continued volunteer activities.

�............Mark Danahy, class of 2006, 

teaching in Bangelore, India 

⊳�................Stephen Dunlop, MD, 

International Emergency Medicine 

fellow, working in Tanzania 

Jamie Karambay, MD, class of 2011, 

on medical flight in Tanzania.........� 

⊳.............Arleigh Trainor, MD, class 

of 2006, teaching in Calcutta 

Brian Mahoney, MD, 

class 1980, in St, Lucia, 

with donated vehicle to 

St. Jude Hospital........� 

�..Lisa Hayden, MD, class of 2012, 

caring for patients in Tanzania 

8:00 pm

The People of the ED 

�...Emergency Nurses: 

are the first line of care for emergency patients. Emergency nurses are well-versed in acute medical 

and traumatic conditions, and often initiate assessment and management of ED patients. 


�...Interpreters: 

assist in taking medical histories of 

non-English speaking patients. 

⊳...HUCS: 

coordinate non-clinical 

ED activities and tasks 

for the nursing unit, as 

well as receptionist and 

clerical functions. 

�...ED office: 

supports the Emergency Services Department. 

�...Chaplains/Social Workers: 

assist with patientʼs and familyʼs spiritual 

and other needs. 

�...Health Care Assistants: 

perform assigned patient care tasks to support 

and assist health care providers. 

9:00 pm

People of the ED | Faculty Profiles 

Physicianʼs Name Emergency Medicine Residency Program Special Duties 

Cher Adkinson HCMC, Emergency Medicine Director of Hyperbaric Medicine, Program 

Director for the HBO Fellowship, ENT Liaison 

Michelle Biros University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Associate Research Director, 

Emergency Medicine Co-Director of Research Associate 

Program, Neurology/Neurosurgery/ 

Psychiatry Departmental Liaison 

Douglas Brunette HCMC, Emergency Medicine Assistant Chief of Emergency Medicine 

Joseph E. Clinton HCMC, Emergency Medicine HCMC Chief of Emergency Medicine, 

Chair of Emergency Medicine, University 

of Minnesota Medical School 

Robert Collier Kansas City General Hospital, Internal Medicine; Assistant Director of Hyperbaric Medicine 

Kansas City General Hospital (Now Truman 

Medical Center), Emergency Medicine 

Richard Gray University of Pennsylvania, Internal Medicine; Director of Medical Student Education, 

Medical College of Pennsylvania, Emergency Medicine Management of ED PAs 

Eric Gross George Washington University, Emergency Medicine HBO, Assistant Director of Emergency 

Medicine Residency Program 

Danielle Hart HCMC, Emergency Medicine Assistant Director of Emergency Medicine 

Residency Program, Director of Simulation 

William Heegaard HCMC, Emergency Medicine Assistant Chief of Emergency Medicine, 

Medical Director for LifeLink III, Director of Critical 

Care Airway Lab, Surgery Department Liaison 

John Hick HCMC, Emergency Medicine Emergency Preparedness, Assistant 

Medical Director for Hennepin EMS 

Jeff Ho HCMC, Emergency Medicine EMS Medical Direction for Edina Fire and 

Police, TEMPO, Assistant Medical Director 

for Hennepin EMS 

Scott Joing HCMC, Emergency Medicine Manager of Mediasite hqmeded.com 

Christine Kletti HCMC, Emergency Medicine Pediatric Emergency Medicine, SARS, 

Assistant Residency Director, APLS, 

Ruiz Reading Group 

Louis Ling University of Chicago Hospital and Clinics, HCMC Associate Medical Director for 

Emergency Medicine Medical Education, UMN Associate 

Dean for Graduate Medical Education 

Brian Mahoney HCMC, Emergency Medicine EMS Medical Director, Medical Director 

for ALS Courses, Medical Director for 

Paramedic Education 

Marc Martel HCMC, Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Residency 

Program Director, Co-Director of the 

Combined Emergency Medicine/Internal 

Medicine Residency Program 

John McGill HCMC, Emergency Medicine Ortho ED Rotation Director 

Jim Miner HCMC, Emergency Medicine Director of Research, Director of 

Research Associate Program, Medical 

Director for Quality Assurance 

Dave Plummer HCMC, Emergency Medicine IDOCS Schedule Manager 

Rob Reardon State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, Ultrasound Fellowship Program Director, 

Emergency Medicine Director for Emergency Medicine Ultrasound 

Robert Rusnak HCMC, Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine Dentistry ED Rotation Director 

Steve Smith HCMC, Emergency Medicine Cardiology and Laboratory Liasion 

Steve Sterner Fairview-St. Mary's Hospitals, Family Medicine HFA Senior Vice President for Medical Affairs 

Al Tsai UMN, Pediatric Residency, Valley Medical Center, Director of the Pediatric Emergency 

Fresno, CA, Emergency Medicine Department, APLS Course Director 


Research Interest Fellowship Start Date at HCMC 

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 1984 

Exception from Informed Consent, University of Cinncinati Medical Center, 1986 

Research Ethics, Head Trauma and Research Fellow,Emergency Medicine 

Neurological Emergencies 

Hypothermia 1985 

Resuscitation 1977 

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine; 1992 

ABEM Exam Editor 

Asthma, Sedation 1996 

Central Line Emergency Access Registry, George Washington University, Research 2006 

Ionizing Radiation in the ED, Infectious Disease and Hyperbaric Medicine 

Simulation HCMC, Simulation and Critical Care 2009 

HEMS, Ultrasound, Head Trauma and Neurological National Association of Public Hospitals Fellowship, 1994 

Emergencies, Conducted Electrical Weapons Emergency Department Flow and Operations 

Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Medicine, HCMC, EMS Fellowship 1997 

EMS 

EMS, Tactical EMS, In-Custody Death; HCMC, EMS Fellowship 1996 

Excited Delirium, Conducted Electrical Weapons 

Ultrasound, Computer Based Medical Education 2006 

Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Sexual Assault, 2000 

Simulation, Asthma Education, Toothache 

Toxicology 1984 

EMS, Resuscitation, Paramedic Education 1980 

Educational Research, Psychobehavioral HCMC, Research Fellowship in 2001 

Emergencies Emergency Medicine 

Airway Management, International 1981 


Procedural Sedation, Pain Management, 1999 

Conducted Electrical Weapons 

Airway Management, Ultrasound, Resuscitation 1985 

Ultrasound, Airway Management 1998 

Diabetes Mellitus 1980 

Acute Coronary Syndromes, GHB HCMC, Clinical Emergency Medicine Fellowship 1991 

Urgent Care HCMC, Emergency Medicine 1980 

Pediatric EMS, Pediatric Emergency Drug Book 1987

HCMC Faculty Physicians 

Emergency Medicine Residents, 2010 


Current Emergency Medicine Residents 

Class of 2015 (EM/IM) Not shown: results of 2012 EM match 

Bischof, Johanna Duke University School of Medicine 

Class of 2014 (EM/IM) Not shown: results of 2011 EM match 

Driver, Brian University of Colorado School of Medicine 

Olives, Travis University of Minnesota Medical School 

Class of 2013 

Bruen, Charles University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas (EM/IM) 

Boklewski, Jennifer University of Illinois College of Medicine 

Gosen, Christine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine 

Hall, Derek University of Wisconsin School of Medicine 

Hampton, Rachel Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine 

Lee, Jennifer University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine 

Ling, Eric Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine 

Londer, Casey University of Utah School of Medicine 

Oakley, Eleanor Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine 

Paluchowski, Daniel University of Maryland School of Medicine 

Ragaini, Emily University of Connecticut School of Medicine 

Scott, Nate University of Minnesota Medical School (EM/IM) 

Terrebonne, Megan University of Pittsburg School of Medicine 

Class of 2012 

Dalton, Tom University of Colorado School of Medicine 

Doucette, Eve Indiana University School of Medicine 

Hayden, Lisa Creighton University School of Medicine (EM/IM) 

Madore, Frank Ohio State University College of Medicine – Public Health 

Mayerle, Joe University of Minnesota Medical School 

Melson, Taj University of Michigan Medical School 

Nystrom, Paul University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine 

Peterson, Greg University of Minnesota Medical School 

Terwey (Anderson), Karen University of Minnesota Medical School 

Thompson, Pete Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University (EM/IM) 

Trussell, Kristi University of Minnesota Medical School 

Wilde, Brenden University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 

Worrall, Christine University of Pittsburg School of Medicine 

Class of 2011 

Beeman, William Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/Chicago Medical School 

Beyer, Robert Medical College of Wisconsin 

Calvo, Darryl Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 

Chang, Richard New York University School of Medicine 

Dyer, Justin University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine 

Fong, Erine University of Minnesota Medical School 

Gary, Brandi Temple University School of Medicine (EM/IM) 

Jones, Jared St Louis University School of Medicine 

Karambay, James Albany Medical College 

Kniffin, Colleen University of Minnesota Medical School 

Orozco, Benjamin Harvard Medical School 

Prekker, Matthew University of Minnesota Medical School (EM/IM) 

Romo, Victor University of Illinois College of Medicine 

Sherman, Melissa University of Minnesota Medical School 

* EM/IM=combined Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine 5 year program 


Graduate Emergency Medicine Resident Classes 

Class of 2010 

Bronner, Sarah 

Collins, Audrey 

Garlich, Fiona 

Johnson, Valerie 

Moore, Johanna 

Roline, Chad 

Rosenthal, Eric 

Vogel, Emily 

Walz, Heidi 

Class of 2009 

Clark, Michael 

Cole, Jon 

Delavari, Parissa 

Dunlop, Stephen 

Gramenz, Paul 

Holm, Michelle 

Knapp, Ryan 

Milkus, Kelly 

Olsen, Jeremy 

Shinneman, Louis 

Stephens, Dana 

Stroschein, Amy 

Villaume, Frank 

Class of 2008 

Allegra, Paul 

Bahr, Jennifer 

Ball, Christian 

Gengerke, Todd 

Hart, Danielle 

Hill, Chandler 

Pohland, Jonathan 

Ruzanic, Theodore 

Westgard, Bjorn 

Class of 2007 

Bengiamin, Rimon 

Budhram, Gavin 

Carmody, Sharon 

Davarn, Scott 

Lapine, Anne 

Lewis, Dan 

McClain, Carolyn 

Skinner, Lisa 

Stirling, Kate 

Unkefer, Nate 

Vogt,Katie 

Class of 2006 

Baker, Amanda 

Becker, Christopher 

Bock, Paul 

Danahy, Mark 

Florence, Andrew 

Hartmann, Tracy 

Heller, Kimberly 

Kingsley, Kyle 

Ladmer, David 

Lathrop, Lucas 

Trainor, Arleigh 

Class of 2005 

Blonigen, Nancy 

Currie, Peter 

Herold, Matthew 

Huber, Darren 

Infante, Jorge 

Joing, Scott 

Lindgren, Kjell 

Sarnov, Olga 

Sterzinger, Ann 

Torres, Camilo 

Tuominen, Kai 

Class of 2004 

Ansari, Rebecca 

Bachman, Andrew 

Brueggemann, Marty 

Bultman, Laura 

Evans, Carly 

Kraska, Eric 

Lashkowitz, Seth 

Leuck Bachman, Katherine 

Meyer, Madeleine 

Sufka Schaefer, Kristin 

Torstenson, Chad 

Class of 2003 

Fringer, Ryan C. 

Haug, Eric 

Heining, Travis 

Johnson, Christopher 

Johnson, Timothy 

McCoy, Christopher 

Nelson Sims, Jody 

Palmer, Christopher 

Ross Wyatt, Karen 

Thacker Johnson, Jenny 

Wyatt, Thomas 

Class of 2002 

Braksiek, Rob 

Danigelis, Matt 

Dillman, Brian 

Doerffler, Alex 


Krieg, Susan 

Mertz, John 

Moore, J. Alan 

Muto-Isolani, Antonio 

Peck, Karen Kuo 

Thomas, Rob 

Class of 2001 

Baker, Chris 

Block, Jennifer 

Craig, Peter 

Fish, Sara 

Friewald, Scott 

Isaacson, Brian 

Rhead, Christoper (Kit) 

Rooks, Ken 

Schrag, Laura 

Svenningsen, John 

Tibbles, Carrie 

Class of 2000 

Barrett, Matthew 

Benson, Jill 

Cochrane, Josh 

Hirschman, David 

Mapes, Andrew 

Martel, Marc 

O'Laughlin, Daniel 

Palmer, Mitch 

Thompson, Rod 

Vogel, (Cory) Edward 

Class of 1999 

Bonanni, Marita Michelin 

Chase, Peter 

Clark Rue, Casey 

Ellmann Black, Cara 

Gunn, Scott 

Haines, Howard 

Huynh, Hung 

Kletti, Christine 

Miner, Jim 

Rodgerson, Jeff 

Class of 1998 

Abney-Lidahl, Deb 

Bilden, Beth 

Clarkowski, Brian 

DiRe, Danielle 

Hsieh, Dan 

Kamper, Matthew 

Lee, Curtis 

McVaney, Kevin 

Tewodros, Abel 

Topliff, Andrew 

Class of 1997 

Anderson, Steve 

Buccino, Kent 

Coomes, Tom 

McDaniel, Scott 

Patty, Brian 

Pogrebra, Kevin 

Ramming, Scott 

Reed, David 

Rock, Michael 

Zeitz, Erich 

Class of 1996 

Beier, Kevin 

Epstein, Stephen 

Gage, Eric 

Hick, John 

Joyce, Gail 

Lynch, Michael 

Sercombe, Clare 

Skedros, Anthony 

Wu, Mona 

Zink, Robert 

Class of 1995 

Baro, Marte 

Battershell, Ty 

Christensen, Paul 

Friederich, Douglas 

Fuller, Robert 

Ho, Jeffrey 

McEvoy, Larry 

McGlothen, Kevin 

Peña, Joe 

Ross, Harry 

Saavedra, Leo 

Class of 1994 

Bauer, Andrew 

Bowdish, Gail 

Butts, Michael 

Covington, David 

Heegaard, Bill 

Lueders, Jon 

Lynch, Margaret 

Matticks, Craig 

Mildbrandt, Dave 

Pippert, Greg 

Sneed, Sara 

Zink, Julie

Class of 1993 

Arnason, Carol 

Dang, Douglas 

Dvorak, Dave 

Nordness, Bob 

Washington, Vindell 

Class of 1992 

Lofy Larson, Lisa 

Nigh, David 

Ragen Ide, Lisa 

Weiker, Brett 

Westwater, Jay 

Wingate, Jennifer 

Class of 1991 

Bradbury, Dorothy 

Cohen, Larry 

Drill-Mellum, Laurie 

Geer, Drew 

Gosewisch, Gary 

Johansen, R. Bart 

Class of 1990 

Hagedorn, Dave 

Kominsky, John 

Lufkin, Kirk 

Rothong Erlandson, Carole 

Smith, Steve 

Stewart, Tom 

Ward, Mary 

Wilson, Mary 

Class of 1989 

Bachhuber, Greg 

Erickson, Ford 

Ng, Angus 

Rambow Schmitz, Beth 

Class of 1988 

Erlandson, Mark 

Mlinek, Edward J. 

Morton, Sonny 

Ripkey, Cathy 

Winter, James 

Class of 1987 

Henrichs, Wade 

Woodburn, James 

Zarzycki, Mark 

Class of 1986 

Eisen, Teddi 

Gaudio, Frank 

Mickelson, Kevin 

Wenman, Michael 

Class of 1985 

Brunette, Douglas 

Gravett, Alan 

Plummer, David 

Roberts, David 

Yaron, Michael 

Physician Assistants 

Class of 2011 

Getz, Kaitlin University of Toledo 

Schinzel, Mary A. T. Still University 

Class of 2010 

Anderson, Emily Stonybrook University 

Klos, Chelsea University of Wisconsin 

Nathan, Laura University of Nebraska 

Class of 1984 

Brutger, Yvonne 

Crimmins, Timothy 

Miller, Linda 

Romness, David 

Class of 1983 

Gerdes, Dale 

Irwin, Glenn 

Mayron, Raymond 

Roller, Benedict 

Class of 1982 

Adkinson, Cheryl 

Berg, Mark 

Feldshuh, David 

Justin, Elliot 

Swanson, Jeffrey 

Class of 1981 

Booth, Samuel 

McGill, John 

Mirick, Mark 

Schwitzer, Kent 

Class of 1980 

Coon, Gary 

Graves, Benjamin 

Liebo, Jack 

Mahoney, Brian 

Nelson, David 

Class of 2000 

Class of 1979 

Dannewitz, Stephen 

Evans, Thomas L. 

Glauser, Jonathan 

LeTourneau, Barbara 

Vancura, Ellen 

Class of 1978 

Greenfeld, Bernard M. 

Hill, Martin P. 

Rusnak, Robert A. 

Thompson, James D. 

Class of 1977 

Blegen, Carl N. 

Clinton, Joseph E. 

Condron, Michael J. 

Rockswold, Gordon A. 

Class of 1976 

Larson, James R. 

Olson, David G. 

Pexa, Charles E. 

Timmons, Thomas E. 

Class of 1975 

Adams, Bruce E. 

Tandias, James 

Class of 1973 

Lilia, G. Patrick 

Long, Robert S. 

Garfin, Kathy Augsburg College 

Class of 1991 

Formanek, Timothy University of Iowa 


Marc Martel, MD Eric Gross, MD 

Teaching 

the next generation of 

Emergency Clinicians 

Welcome to the 2009-2010 edition of the HCMC Emergency Medicine Activities Report. In recent years 

we have tried to keep you abreast of developments in our residency. You may have heard about many of 

the innovations in training, including the following: 

� The combined Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine residency, now graduating its first class. Both 

2011 graduates will begin their future academic careers with fellowships, one in International Medicine 

and the other in Critical Care. 

� The high-fidelity Emergency Medicine simulation program run by Danielle Hart, MD. The new 

curriculum has been so successful that Danielle is now Director of the Institutional Interdisciplinary 

Simulation and Education Center (ISEC) here at HCMC, scheduled to open in early 2012. 

� The ACGME accredited HBO fellowship. 


� The nationally acclaimed educational website www.hqmeded.com with on-line CME for 

“STAB Conference.” 

� And finally, our newest event supporting residency endeavors, the Hennepin Health Foundation/ 

Emergency Medicine Residency Education Councilʼs “Clubs and Scrubs” annual charitable golf 

tournament. This event directly supports EM and EM/IM residency activities including national 

research presentations, departmental high-fidelity simulation programs, advanced ultrasound training 

and resident wellness. Keep an eye out for information about the event planned for August, 2012. 

Giving back to EM as a whole is still a driving tenet of the residency. Residents and graduates focus on 

serving emergency patients to their utmost ability – anywhere and anytime. Many begin building their 

academic careers at HCMC, with almost one-third choosing fellowships or academic positions upon 

graduation. The HCMC legacy still reaches far and wide. Graduates choosing community practice join 

groups throughout the US. Results from our first employer survey support that HCMC graduates some of 

the top Emergency Physicians in the country. We are excited to have another incredible group graduating 

this spring and even more excited to have had a banner recruiting year, receiving more applications to the 

HCMC EM programs than ever before. No doubt, the match in March, 2012 will bring yet another 

incredible intern class to start in June. 

Looking ahead, we plan to continue the move toward small group, interactive teaching sessions 

similar to those currently used in simulation and emergency ultrasound, rather than what has historically 

been exclusively classroom style didactics. This model truly complements the “hands on” approach we 

have always embraced at Hennepin. We hope to increase opportunities for alumni to come back and be 

involved in these sessions in their various areas of expertise. We want and need your support. 

With this, we hope you enjoy the chance to see “whatʼs new” here at Hennepin. We encourage you to visit 

the residency at: www.hcmc.org/education/residency/emresidency/emresprog.htm and look forward to you 

coming back soon. 

Marc Martel, MD, Residency Program Director 

Eric Gross, MD, Associate Program Director 

Danielle Hart, MD, Assistant Program Director 

Mary Hirschboeck, Residency Program Coordinator

The current 

EM residency 

curriculum 

Simulation and Innovation Education 

The Hennepin County Medical Center Interdisciplinary Simulation and Education Center 

(HCMC-ISEC) will begin to revolutionize healthcare education and training in the very near 

future here at HCMC. From enhancing the development of individual cognitive expertise and 

procedural skills, to improving teamwork and communication among the healthcare team and 

developing systems expertise within the institution, the utilization of this learning modality is 

paramount in improving medical education, patient care, patient safety and patient satisfaction. 

Danielle Hart, MD 

Simulation has become a term that encompasses many different teaching or learning 

modalities. Included are high-fidelity mannequins, procedural task trainers, standardized patients, and virtual reality. 

High-fidelity mannequins are computer operated life-sized mannequins that have pulses, respirations, and vital signs, 

and are able to converse and interact with the learners or trainees. Procedural task trainers have been designed to 

teach technical skills for a wide array of procedures and standardized patients are actors who play the role of a 

patient. The HCMC-ISEC will be equipped to offer all of these experiential learning modalities. 

We are currently nearing completion of the design phase of the ISEC, which is expected to open in 2012. It will be 

located just beneath the EMS classrooms, in the EMS ramp building, adjacent to the contact center on the lower 

level. The center will be built in 2 phases, each of which will include approximately 5,000 sq feet of educational 

space. The first phase, with a price tag of $2.7 million, will include 3 high fidelity simulation rooms, 3 debriefing rooms 

that can also be used as standardized patient rooms, one large procedural skills room, and a conference room. The 

funding for this project came from a variety of sources, such as the HCMC master facility plan ($1.5M), state bonding 

money ($820K), HRSA grant money ($188K), and discretionary capital from the Office of the Medical Director ($200K). 

The state-of-the-art Interdisciplinary Simulation and Education Center (ISEC) here at HCMC will enable us to 

continue our longstanding commitment to excellence, both in training the nationʼs future healthcare providers, as well 

as providing outstanding patient care on a daily basis. 

Danielle Hart, MD, Director, ISEC 


Web based education 

The HCMC Department of Emergency Medicine began publishing Thursday 

morning conferences online for resident and faculty use in 2005. They are 

published to a secure, limited access server and allow for live or on-demand 

viewing. This allows for more convenient continuing education despite busy 

schedules. The program was expanded using grant funding from the Medica 

Foundation in 2007 to allow Critical Care Conference access for providers in the 

surrounding community and Greater Minnesota. 

Hqmeded.com is a HCMC Department of Emergency Medicine website with a focus on publication of 

educational content, typically in video format. Much of the content is related to use of ultrasonography at 

the bedside, but content related to ECGs and Toxicology can also be found. Over the past year, it has 

received 15, 902 visits from 121 countries around the world. New content is added frequently and is 

generated from the clinical experience of the residents and faculty of our department. 

Scott Joing, MD, EM Media Site Manager 

Dr. Smithʼs ECG Blog: 

Online learning computers 

Steve Smith, MD 

Scott Joing, MD 

Join us at http://hqmeded-ecg.blogspot.com/ 

or google “Dr. Smithʼs blog”. 

With the help of techno-savvy Scott Joing, Steve Smith developed a learning tool 

aimed at ECG interpretation and cardiac disease management. With 1,000 page 

views per day and 230 registered followers, Dr. Smithʼs ECG Blog is now one of 

the most widely read ECG blog in the world. Beginning at the end of 2008 as a 

replacement for Dr. K. Wangʼs “EKG of the Week,” the blog was initially a 

departmental and institutional educational tool for residents. It now holds 109 posts 

with at least one interesting and educational case per post and up to 10 ECGs per 

case. Unlike books, the unlimited space on the internet allows for multiple serial 

ECGs to illustrate the evolution of the ECG over time. 

Dr. Smithʼs ECG Blog was listed as the 6th best Emergency Medicine web site by EMCrit.org 

(http://emcrit.org/podcasts/dirty-dozen-2010/). Scott Weingart calls it a “Ph.D. in EKG:” 

(http://emcrit.org/podcasts/phd-in-ekg/). It was highly reviewed and featured in EP Lab Digest 

(http://eplabdigest.com/articles/New-Online-Resource-ECG-Interpretation), and by Lifeinthefastlane: 

http://lifeinthefastlane.com/2011/01/dr-smiths-ecg-blog/. Because so many sites link to the Blog, it comes 

up 1st to 3rd in any Google search for “ECG blog.” 


Our Fellows 

EMS Fellows 

Jeff Ho 1995 

John Hick 1996 

Cara Ellman Black 1999 

Ryan Fringer 2003 

Laura Bultman 2004 

Ann Lapine 2008 

Jennifer Bahr 2009 

Undersea and Hyperbaric 

Fellows 

Jill Benson 2001 

Bjorn Westagard (ACGME Fellow) 2009 

Toxicology Fellows 

Andrew Topliff 1999-2001 

Beth Bilden 1999-2001 

Jon Cole 2009-2011 

Ultrasound Fellows 

Jenny Thacker-Johnson 2004 

Kim Heller 2007-2008 

Anne Lapine 2008 

Gavin Budhram 2008 

Rimon Bengiamin 2008 

Seth Strote 2010 

Christopher Wall 2010 

Chad Roline 2011 

Jamie Hess 2011 

Airway/Critical Care/Simulation 

Fellows 

Chandler Hill 2009 

Danielle Hart 2009 

Research Fellows 

Marc Martel 2001 

Scott Freiwald 2002 

Johanna Moore 2010-2011 

International Emergency Medicine 

Fellow 

Stephen Dunlop 2009-2011 

(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) 

Clinical Medicine and Critical Care 

Fellow 

Stephen Smith 1991 

Clinical students at HCMC Department of Emergency Medicine 

2009 2010 

Total number of medical and PA schools 

sending students to HCMC ED 28 27 

Number of states represented 20 18 

International schools 

Medical students 

1 3 

U of MN Medical School 71 84 

Out-of-state medical schools 26 29 

DO schools 13 11 

Physician Assistants students 5 5 

Pharm D students 3 1 

TOTAL STUDENTS 118 130 


Students 

in Emergency Medicine 

Both the core and advanced Emergency Medicine rotations at HCMC are essentially four week 

sub-internships. Since 2005, Emergency Medicine has been a mandatory core rotation for medical 

students at the University of Minnesota. Minnesota medical students participate in this core rotation at 

HCMC, Regions, Abbot Northwestern, Fairview, North Memorial Medical Center, St. Johnʼs, St. Josephʼs, 

United, St. Maryʼs (Duluth) and St. Lukeʼs (Duluth). In addition, interested students are able to take an 

advanced Emergency Medicine rotation at HCMC and Regions. Courses are also available at HCMC for 

medical students interested in research and in ultrasound, and at Regions for toxicology. 

In addition to University of Minnesota medical students, the Emergency Department at HCMC hosts 

medical students and physician assistant (PA) students from across the country who are interested in 

emergency medicine. 

Along with G1and G2 residents, PAs and students are the primary medical providers (PMPs) of the 

emergency department (ED). They evaluate and manage patients in an assigned area in consultation with 

the ED supervisors (an ED attending and/or Senior Resident/Pit Boss). This includes conducting the 

history and physical examination, performing procedures, interpreting diagnostic tests and determining 

diagnoses, therapies, dispositions and follow-up plans on their patients. 

We pride ourselves that our students perform professionally and responsibly. Our department is 

committed to educating the future generation of providers, and we feel that our environment is very 

conducive to their success as future practitioners of medicine. 

Richard Gray, MD 

Medical Student Course Director. 

12:00 pm

Advancing the Science 

of Emergency Medicine 

The HCMC Department of Emergency Medicine has a long tradition of scientific inquiry and exploration. 

From bench work to the bedside, the research we perform has the common goal of advancing the care of 

emergency patients. Each year, and at any given time, there are at least 20 active clinical projects being 

performed by our faculty and residents. These studies derive from ideas generated during our daily 

emergency practice. We try to address the “big” questions, such as the best shock management strategy, 

earlier diagnosis and treatment of acute cardiac ischemia, or effective interventions for reducing 

secondary injuries in traumatic brain injury. We also take on bread and butter ED issues, such as the best 

methods of pain control, the use of emergency ultrasound to guide procedures, or the most effective 

methods of procedural sedation. The results of our studies are illustrated in our many publications, grants 

received, and scientific presentations given, which are listed later in this report. Several of our faculty 

have developed research niches, and are nationally and internationally recognized for their expertise. 

Many serve as peer reviewers for prestigious journals. Some are members of federal research review 

committees and others develop the evidence used in evidence-based ED practice. 

A strong research program also reaps other rewards. By the time our residents complete their training 

program they have been exposed to many aspects of research, either by direct initiation of or participation 

in a project, or by exposure to research concepts in didactic presentations and journal clubs. They become 

excellent critical readers and understand how and when to apply research findings to their patients. 

The ability to perform so much research in the setting of a very busy clinical practice is a testimony to our 

departmentʻs commitment to advancing the science of our specialty. We appreciate the support our 

clinical colleagues have given to our research efforts and the Research Associate program, which has 

been key to our successful research endeavors. 

Jim Miner, MD 

Research Director, Department of Emergency Medicine 

Michelle Biros,MD, MS 

Associate Research Director, Department of Emergency Medicine 

Research Associates 

learning monitoring 

procedures

The Research Associate Program 

In the Fall of 2000, 29 undergraduates and seven medical students arrived at Hennepin County Medical 

Centerʼs (HCMC) Emergency Department to begin the Research Associate (RA) Program. The program 

was developed by Drs. Jim Miner and Michelle Biros to promote clinical research in our busy Emergency 

Department. The students came from many different backgrounds and academic institutions, but shared 

one thing in common – an interest in medicine and improving patient care through research. Joseph 

Mayerle, a current resident who participated in the program starting in 2004 when he was an 

undergraduate at Boston College, described the program as a “one-of-kind thing. I really, really looked 

around the country for opportunities, but there is nothing else like this and I am so glad to be a part of this 

program.” Today, Mayerle is in his second year of residency in Emergency Medicine at HCMC and will be 

one of our Chief Residents next year. 

Since 2000, the RA program has grown to 70 volunteers, consisting of medical students and 

undergraduate students, who volunteer in four to eight hour shifts to work on clinical studies in the ED. In 

addition, Research Associates are trained in subjectsʼ rights and human subjects research prior to 

involvement in clinical research. RAs are responsible for approaching patients to tell them about the 

study, gain consent, and collect data. Scheduling and communication with the volunteers in the HCMC 

Research Associate Program is done through the program website at www.hcmced.org. Many of the RAs 

go on to medical school, PA school, or nursing school. Fifteen medical students starting in the University 

of Minnesota Medical School Class of 2014 had been part of the RA program. Johanna Moore, a recent 

graduate from HCMCʼs Emergency Medicine Residency Program, and our current Research Fellow, was 

an RA during all four years of medical school. 

The RA program is very competitive, with about 100 applicants a semester. The RAs have the opportunity 

to interact one-on-one with patients, shadow doctors, and attend Stab conference and research lectures. 

The research associates meet with Dr. Miner to discuss ongoing research projects and for lectures on 

general topics in clinical research. The studies that the RAs are involved in range from looking at ways to 

manage pain to investigating new treatments for shock. The program has become an important part of both 

our Departmentʼs success in research and in exposing future doctors to Emergency Medicine Research. 

Becca Nelson 

RA Coordinator 

Research 

Associates, 

Summer 2010 


RA graduates speak 

I had the good fortune to stumble into the Research Associate (RA) program my first year of medical school. As a 

student interested in emergency medicine I thought a summer of research would be a good opportunity to work in the 

emergency department and find out what it's really about, while working on research projects at the same time. 

Little did I know the decision to work on research for a summer would profoundly change my life. 

I stuck with the program, collecting data and becoming more interested about the studies and their purpose, as well 

as loving the exposure to the ED. Previously I had done chemistry bench research but was frustrated about its lack of 

immediate applications. To this day, I find clinical research fascinating, with the ability to answer practical questions 

with results that can be put into practice right away. Dr. Miner encouraged me as a student to apply for a medical 

student research grant. He was enthusiastic, I was excited but dubious. We sent off the application and our project 

was ultimately funded. 

By now, it was official: emergency medicine and emergency medicine clinical research were my career choices. I 

contemplated other specialties and other residency programs, but didnʼt want to (and luckily didnʼt have to) leave 

HCMC, completing my emergency medicine residency in 2010. 

Today, I am in my first year of a two year clinical research fellowship in emergency medicine at HCMC. As part of the 

fellowship, I work closely with Drs. Miner, Biros and the RAs on developing and ongoing clinical studies in the ED in 

addition to working shifts in the ED. I am also back in the classroom, currently enrolled in the Masters in Clinical 

Research program at the University of Minnesota, with the goal of becoming an independent emergency medicine 

researcher when I graduate. 

Johanna Moore. MD 

Class of 2010 

EM Research Fellow 2010- 2012. 

I have been fortunate to both participate in and benefit from the RA program over my five years of graduate medical 

training at HCMC. During my MPH year after medical school graduation and before residency, I trained in as an RA 

and learned about informed consent, pain and sedation research, and survey methodology on the "front lines" in the 

ED. Later that year, I led my own study on urban injury epidemiology that became my MPH thesis. I watched the RA 

program grow bigger and bigger during my combined residency in EM and Internal Medicine. Over the past two 

years, the enthusiasm and attention to detail of the current group of RA volunteers has sustained my most recent 

project. We were able to screen nearly 3,000 ED patients for HIV with a rapid assay, finding 9 new infections and 

getting them linked into care, and paving the way to have rapid HIV testing available 24/7 in our ED. 

The RA program is an invaluable resource to our researchers, our academic department, and our hospital. It makes 

population-based studies feasible in a busy ED, generating novel data on the prevalence of pain, hunger, literacy, and 

other important socioeconomic factors that contribute to our patients' health. Equally important to me and many 

others who progressed thru the RA ranks has been the mentorship of our senior research faculty, especially Jim 

Miner and Michelle Biros. They are role models in both the research and clinical arenas, and have helped shape my 

career path towards academic emergency and critical care medicine. Finally, the peer collaboration over the years 

with past and present RA leaders including Dan Hubbard, Erik Rockswold, Roma Patel, and Owen Hanley has been 

productive, and I now count them as both friends and colleagues. 

Matt Prekker, MD 

EM/IM, Class of 2011 


Scholarly Achievements 

Anthony G. Skedros, MD Memorial 

Award 

Awarded by the first and second year Emergency 

Medicine residents to a graduating Emergency 

Medicine resident who exemplified the highest 

personal and professional standards, provided and 

outstanding role model, and demonstrated 

outstanding teaching skills. 

1997 Kevin Pogreba, MD 

1998 Curtis Lee, MD 

1999 Jeff Rodgerson, MD 

2000 Cory Vogel, MD 

2001 Laura Shrag, MD 

2002 Alan Moore, MD 

2003 Travis Heining, MD 

2004 Chad Torstenson, MD 

2005 Darren Huber, MD 

2006 Amanda Baker, MD 

2007 Nathan Unkefer, MD 

2008 Theodore Ruzanic, MD 

2009 Paul Gramenz, MD 

2010 Chad Roline, MD 

Faculty Teaching Award 

This award was established by the Emergency 

Medicine class of 1991 to honor the Emergency 

Medicine faculty who demonstrates outstanding 

commitment to the education of resident and the 

promotion of Emergency Medicine as a specialty. 

1991 David Plummer 

1992 Tim Crimmins 

1993 Steve Smith 

1994 Michelle Biros 

1995 Doug Brunette 

1996 Al Tsai 

1997 Richard Gray 


1999 Bill Heegaard 

2000 Rob Reardon 

2001 Steve Sterner 

2002 Jeff Ho 

2003 Jim Miner 

2004 Marc Martel 

2005 John McGill 

2006 David Plummer 


2008 Doug Brunette 

2009 Robert Collier 

2010 John Hick 

Anthony Skedros, MD (1964-1997), class of 1996 

James G. Andersen, MD Award 

Awarded to the resident demonstrating 

exceptional leadership and administrative skills 

in Emergency Medicine. 

1989 Gregory F. Bachhuber, MD 

1990 Thomas R. Stewart, MD 

1991 Geoffrey A. Geer, MD 

1992 Lisa M. Lofy, MD 

1993 Carol Arnason, MD 

1994 Greg Pippert, MD 

1995 Jeffrey Ho, MD 

1996 Clare Sercombe, MD 

1997 Ken Buccino, MD 

1998 Curtis Lee, MD 

1999 Christine Kletti, MD 

2000 Daniel OʼLaughlin, MD 

2001 Carrie Tibbles, MD 

2002 Susan Krieg, MD 

2003 Ryan Fringer, MD 


Scholarly Achievements 

Emergency Nurse of the Year Award 

This award is selected 

by the graduating 


residency class to honor 

the ED nurse that has 

provided inspiration and 

exceptional assistance in 

their clinical growth during 

their residency years. 

1996 Florence Johnson 

1997 Paul Finney 

1998 Diana Bly-Gale 

1999 Dan Levie 

2000 Sharon Roy 

2001 Steve Pederson 

2002 Kristi Pender 

2003 Ian Johnson 

2004 Jean Tersteeg 

2005 Corey Zeig 

2006 Mark Allard 

2007 Florence Johnson 

2008 John Conrad 

2009 Paul Finney 

2010 Janine Landes 

Magnet Award Illegetimi non Carborundum 

Given by the emergency 

medicine residents to 

identify the emergency 

department member who 

seems to have had an 

especially tough year. 

Dave Plummer 

Lifetime Member 

1988 Mark Erlandson 


1990 Laurie Drill Mellum 

1991 Ernie Ruiz 

1992 Joe Clinton 


1994 Willie Braziel 

1995 Bill Heegaard 

1996 Beth Bilden 

1997 Liz Bonin 

1998 Michelle Biros 

1999 Peter Chase 

2000 Matt Barrett 

2001 Tina Eatmon 


2002 Peter Craig 

2003 Chris Johnson 

2004 Andy Bachmann 

2005 FMD 

2006 Arleigh Trainor 

2007 Doug Brunette/EPIC 

2008 Todd Gengerke 

2009 Mary Hirschboeck 

2010 Cher Adkinson 

Ernest Ruiz Award 

Established in 2004 

and given annually to a 

graduating Emergency 

Medicine resident who 

has made significant 

contributions to the 

Department of Emergency 

Medicine and the Residency 

Program. The award is 

named after Ernest Ruiz, 

M.D., Chief of Service 

from 1972-1992, whose 

contributions to the 

department exemplify the 

meaning of this honor. 

2004 Kristin Sufka 

2005 Scott Joing 

2006 Chris Becker 

2007 Scott Davarn 

2008 Danielle Hart 

2009 Jon Cole 

2010 Heidi Walz 

North Memorial Medical Center 

Faculty Teaching Award 

Awarded by the graduating residents to the North Memorial 

Medical Center emergency medicine faculty 

member who demonstrates outstanding commitment 

to the education of the HCMC residents. 

2008 Laura Schrag 

2009 Ann Sterzinger 

2010 Adina Connelly

Other Notable Achievements 2009-2010 

Michelle Biros, MD 

Elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National 

Academie, 2009 

SAEM Leadership Award 2009 

Top Doctor for Women Award from 

Minnesota Monthly Magazine, 2009, 2010 

Jon Cole, MD 

Boarded in Emergency Medicine, 2010 

Boarded in Toxicology, 2010 

Stephen Dunlop, MD (Class of 2009) 

Boarded in Tropical Medicine, 2010 


Danielle Hart, MD 


Bill Heegaard, MD 

Selected National Association of Public Hospitals 

Fellowship, 2009 

Minnesota Monthly “Top Doctors for Women” 

Recognition for 2009 

John Hick, MD 

Minneapolis / St. Paul Magazine ʻTop Docʼ 

Recognition, 2009 

Medica / Twin Cities Business “Physician Health Care 

Hero”, 2009 

Radiation Injury Treatment Network Certificate of 

Appreciation, April, 2009 

MN Dept. of Health Certificate of Appreciation – Red 

River Floods, June, 2009 

Jeff Ho, MD 

IACP/Sprint Law 

Enforcement Research 

Award, August, 2010 

International Association 

of Chiefs of Police, Orlando, 

FL. *Awarded for project 

leadership of research of 

international importance 

to the law enforcement 

profession. 

Pistol Expert Award, November, 2007-2010 

Meeker County Sheriffʼs Office, Litchfield, Minnesota 

*Awarded for mastery and marksmanship during 

firearm qualification. 

Kjell Lindgren, MD (Class of 2005) 

Selected as a member of the 20th NASA Astronaut 

Class, 2009 

Louis Ling, MD 

University of Minnesota Distinguished Alumni Award, 

2009 

Travis Olives, MD (Class of 2014) 

Spadafora Award, 2010 

Matt Prekker, MD (Class of 2011) 

Year 4 Medical Resident Distinguished Teaching 

Award from the University of Minnesota Medical 

School, 2010-2011 

Steve Smith, MD 

E M Critʼs Best EM Web Sites of 2010 

(Dr. Smithʼs ECG Blog, #6) 

Top Consultant, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2010 

Bjorn Westgard, MD (Class of 2008) 

Boarded in Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, 2009 


External Grant Awards 2009-2010 

Project Title: Clinical Evaluation of High Sensitivity Troponin T Assay in Diagnostic and Risk Stratification in 

Patients with Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndromes. 

Principal Investigator: Apple F 

Co-Investigator: Smith S 

Funding Source: Roche 

Project Title: Comparison of Siemens Immulite and ADVIA Centaur D Dimer Immunoassays with VIDAS 

D-Dimer Exclusion Assay 



Funding Source: Siemens 

Project Title: Finding ACS with Serial Troponin Testing for Rapid Assessment of Cardiac Ischemic Symptoms 

(FAST-TRAC) 



Funding Source: Nanosphere, Inc. 

Project Title: Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network 

Principal Investigator: Biros M 

Co-Investigators: Anderson D 

Funding Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 

Project Title: Community Attitudes about Emergency Exception from Informed Consent (EFIC) and the 

ProTECT Head Injury Research Trial 

Principal Investigator: Biros M 

Co-Investigators: Miller K, Sargent C 

Funding: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 

Project Title: Rapid Anti-seizure Medication Prior to Arrival 

Co-Principal Investigators: Biros M, Mahoney B 


Project Title: Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke 

Principal Investigator: Ezzeddine M 

Co-Investigators: Biros M, Heegaard W 


Project Title: Progesterone for the treatment of TBI 

Principal Investigator: Rockswold 

Co-Investigator: Biros M 


Project Title: CRISIS-1 Study, Cyanide's Role in Smoke Inhalation Study 

Principal Investigator: Gray R 

Funding: Centers for Disease Control 

Project Title: MediciNova IV beta 2 agonist study in acute asthma 

Principal Investigator: Gray R 

Co-Investigators: Miner J, Smith S, Plummer D, Cole J, Biros M, Ho J, Heegaard W 

Funding: MediciNova 

Project Title: Multi-center, investigator-blinded, randomized, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and 

safety of oral NXL-103 versus oral linezolid in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure 

infections 

Principal Investigator: Gross E 

Funding: Novexel, Inc. 


Project Title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Community Associated MRSA Pneumonia 


Co-Investigator: Clinton J 

Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Emergency ID Net 

Project Title: Micropathology of Blood Cultures 


Co-Investigator: Clinton J 


Project Title: Utilization of Emergency Departments for Possible Exposures to Biological Weapons 


Co-Investigators: Clinton J, Joni Kopitzke, R.N. 


Project Title: Bacteriology of Acute Cutaneous Cellulitis with Drainage Using Conventional Culture and 

Molecular Identification of Skin Biopsy Specimens (MSRA Cellulitis Etiology and Diagnosis) 


Co-Investigator: Joni Kopitzke, R.N. 

Funding: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Project Title: Use of Prehospital Focused Abdominal Sonography (PFAST) and Aortic Ultrasound in Trauma 

and Aortic Aneurysms 

Principal Investigator: Heegaard W 

Co-Investigator: Hildebrandt D 

Funding: Sonosite 

Project Title: Developing a National Standard for HEMS Quality Assurance Thresholds 

Co-Principal Investigators: Heegaard W, Frascone R 

Funding: LifeLink III and FARE Grant 

Project Title: Use of the King Airway in the Helicopter 

Co-Principal Investigators: Heegaard W, Frascone R 

Funding: FARE Grant 

Project Title: Ability to Handcuff Subjects During TASER Device Application 

Principal Investigator: Ho J 

Co-Investigators: Miner J, Dawes D 

Funding: TASER International, Inc. 

Project Title: Passive Observation of Human Effects of the TASER Xtended Range Electronic Projectile During 

Civil Unrest 


Co-Investigator: Miner J 

Funding Source: TASER International, Inc. 

Project Title: Descriptors of TASER Device Application Gathered from Training Human Volunteers 




Project Title: Tactical Emergency Medical Peace Officer (TEMPO) Course 


Co-Investigator: Snyder R 

Funding Source: Hennepin Health Foundation 

Project Title: Impedance Threshold Valve for Improving Standard CPR 

Co-Principal Investigators: Mahoney B, Lurie K 

Funding: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 


Project Title: ResQ Trial 

Co-Principal Investigators: Mahoney B, Frascone R 

Funding: Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption 

Project Title: A randomized, double-blind, Placebo and Oxycodone Controlled Study of Tapentadol HCL for 

the Treatment of Acute Pain Caused by Vertebral Compression Fractures Associated with Osteoporosis 

Principal Investigator: Miner J 

Co-Investigators; Gray R, Martel M 

Funding Source: Ortho-McNeil 

Project Title: Observation of Field Deployment Effects of a Projectile Electronic Control Device on 

Rioting Subjects 


Co-Investigator: Ho J 


Project Title: Comparison of Circuit Type, Probe Position, and Duration of TASER Exposure 




Project Title: Factors Associated with Sudden Law Enforcement Custodial Deaths 




Project Title: Use of Axon Technology in the Emergency Department 


Co-Investigators: Heegaard W, Miner J, Clinton J, Hart D 


Project Title: Assessing the Cardiac Effects of TASER Conducted Electrical Weapon Device Application in the 

Presence of Methamphetamine Intoxication 


Co-Investigators: Ho J, Cole J 

Funding Source: Taser International, Inc. 

Project Title: Comparison of Circuit Type, Probe Position, and Duration of TASER Exposure 



Funding Source: Taser International, Inc. 

Project Title: Evaluation of Stress Markers in Humans Undergoing Law Enforcement Officer Training 

Exercises or Intoxication 




Project Title: Assessing the Physiologic and Cardiac Effects of TASER 40mm Circuit 



Funding Source: Department of Defense 

Project Title: Cardiac Safety and Muscle Stimulation Effects of the TASER 40mm Projectile Circuit 


Funding: US Department of Defense 

Project Title: Time Series Analysis of Critical Procedures in the Emergency Department 



Funding Source: Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation 


Project Title: Time Series Analysis of Critical Procedures in the Emergency Department 




Project Title: Prospective Evaluation of the fluID Rapid Influenza Test 


Funding Source: Meso Scale` 

Project Title: The Assessment of Pain Management Practice and the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and the Natural 

History of Substance Use and Trauma in the Emergency Department 




Project Title: Biomarkers Associated with Psychosocial Stress and Pain 


Co-Investigator: Moore J 

Funding Source: Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation currently, NIH grant in revision 2 

Project Title: Beriplex, a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate, for the Reversal of Coumadin Anticoagulation in 

Bleeding Patients 


Co-Investigators: Clinton J, Reardon R, Smith S 

Funding Source: CSL Behring 

Project Title: An Open Label, randomized multicenter Phase IIIb Study to assess the efficacy, safety and 

tolerance of Beriplex P/N compared with plasma for rapid reversal of coagulopathy induced by coumarin 

derivatives in subjects with acute major bleeding 


Co-Investigators: Gorlin J, Richardson C 

Funding Source: CSL Behring 

Project Title: EKG Changes in Acute Coronary Syndromes 

Principal Investigator: Miner J, Smith S 

Funding: NewCardio 

Project Title: A Two-Arm Study Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Acetram Contramid BID 

versus Placebo for the Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain 


Co-Investigator: Gorlin J 

Funding: CSL Behring GMBH 

Project Title: Reversal of Anticoagulation of Patients on Coumadin with GI Bleeding 

Principal Investigators: Miner J, Gorlin J 

Funding: HemCom 

Project Title: Capnogram as a Measure of Perfusion in Patients with Hypotension 


Co-Investigators: Moore J, Mayerle J 

Funding Source: Emergency Medicine Foundation 

Project Title: Capnogram as a Measure of Hypoventilation During Procedural Sedation 


Funding Source: Physio-Control 

Project Title: RCT of Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring During the Resuscitation of Shock in the ED 


Co-investigators: Clinton J, Reardon R, Smith S, Moore J 

Funding Source: Hutchinson Technology 


Project Title: Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Measure of Perfusion and Undifferentiated Shock 


Funding: Hutchinson Technology 

Project Title: StO2 Monitoring of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Triage 


Funding Source: Hutchinson Technology 

Project Title: The Effect of Tissue Perfusion Monitoring on Patients Undergoing Treatment for Shock 


Co-Investigators: Hayden L, Smith S, Clinton J, Biros M 

Funding Source: Hutchison Technology 

Project Title: Safety of Implantable Neuro-Stimulator in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Severe Asthma 


Co-Investigators: Gray R, Smith S, Reardon R 

Funding Source: ElectroCore 

Project Title: Standard Treatment Protocol for the Relief of Shortness of Breath Associated with an Acute 

Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 


Funding: ElectroCore 

Project Title: Standard of Care Therapy for COPD in the ED 


Funding: ElectroCore 

Project Title: ED Patient Rapid HIV Testing Practices 

Principal Investigator: Prekker M 

Funding: Centers for Disease Control 

Project Title: The Assessment of Endotracheal Tube Placement Using Ultrasound 

Principal Investigator: Reardon R 


Funding Source: Plisiatek 

Project Title: Patient and Physician Satisfaction and Impressions of Workflow Efficiency of Wall-Mounted 

Ultrasound Machines in Pelvic Exam Rooms of a Busy Emergency Department 


Co-Investigators: Miner J, Strote S, Wall C, Caroon L 


Project Title: Comparison of the P21/Cardiac and C60/Abdominal Probes for Image Quality in Focused 

Assessment with Sonography in Trauma 


Co-Investigators: Miner J, Strote S, Wall C, Moore J 


Project Title: Comparison of the Sonosite P21 Probe Settings for Image Quality in the Focused Assessment 

with Sonography in Trauma Scan 


Co-Investigators: Miner J, Strote S, Wall C, Collins A, Caroon L 


Project Title: Use of Ultrasound in HEMS for Detection of Pneumothorax 

Principal Investigator: Roline C 

Co-Investigators: Heegaard W, Frascone R 



Project Title: Evaluation of an Inspiratory Impedance Threshold Device (ITD) in the Emergency Department for 

the Treatment of Hypotension 

Principal Investigator: Smith S 


Project Title: Electronic Asthma Action Plan 

Principal Investigator: Smith S 

Funding: Agency for Health Research and Quality 

Project Title: A Phase 3b, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multi-Center Study to Assess the 

Safety and Efficacy of Conivaptan in Symptomatic Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF). 

Co-Principal Investigators: Smith S, Goldsmith S 

Funding Source: Astellas 

Project Title: A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, phase 2b study assessing the safety 

and efficacy of early dosing of intravenous CD-NP versus placebo in the treatment of subjects with acute 

decompensated heart failure (CONDITION HF) 

Co-Principal Investigators: Smith S, Goldsmith S 

Funding Source: Niles 

Project Title: Combat Casualty Training Consortium 

Principal Investigator: UMN Simportal 

Co-Investigators: Clinton J, Biros M 


Project Title: The Safety-Net Role of the Emergency Department in the Care of the Homeless and 

Disadvantaged: Determining Factors Associated with ED Use at the Department, County, and State Levels 

Principal Investigator: Westgard B 

Co-Investigators: Biros M, Miner J 

Funding: Emergency Medicine Foundation Research Fellowship 

Project Title: Minnesota Emergency Research for Children Sedation Study 


Co-Investigators: University of Minnesota and Minneapolis Childrenʼs Hospital 

Funding: Various sources 

Project Title: Minnesota Emergency Research for Children Appendicitis Study 


Co-Investigators: University of Minnesota and Minneapolis Childrenʼs Hospital 

Funding: Various sources

HCMC Department of Emergency Medicine 2009-2010 

Publications | Peer reviewed 

Apple FS, Smith SW, Pearce LA, Murakami MM. Assessment of the Multiple-Biomarker Approach for Diagnosis of 

Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with Symptoms Suggestive of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clinical 

Chemistry January 2009; 55(1):93-100. 

Apple FS, Pearce LA, Smith SW, Kaczmarek JM, Murakami MM. Role of monitoring changes in sensitive cardiac 

troponin I assay results for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction and prediction of risk of adverse events. Clinical 

Chemistry 2009; 55 (5): 930-937. 

Bahr J, Lapine A, Ho J. The utility of point-of-care carbon monoximetry in fireground emergency medical services 

rehabilitation operations. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2010;14 (Suppl 1): 98. 

Balls A, LoVecchio F, Stapczynski J, Gross EA, et al. CLEAR: Central Line Emergency Access Registry: The CLEAR 

project protocol methods paper. Am J Emerg Med.2009;27(1):119-122. (Correspondence) 

Balls A, LoVecchio F, Kroeger A, Stapczynski JS, Mulrow M, Drachman D For the CLEAR Investigators (Gross EA) . 

Ultrasound guidance for central venous catheter placement: Results from the Central Line Emergency Access 

Registry Database. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2010; 28: 561-567 

Biros M, Mann J, Hanson R, Cen Y. Unsuspected or Unacknowledged Depressive Symptoms in Young Adult ED 

Patients. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4): 288-294 

Biros MH, Baren JM. Commentary. The Ethics of Observation. Academic Emergency Medicine. September 2009; 16 

(9): 908-910. 

Biros M, Sargent C, Miller K. Community Attitudes towards Emergency Research and Exception from Informed 

Consent. Resuscitation 2009; 80: 1382-1387. 

Biros M. The People Speak: Community Consultation in Emergency Research. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 

2010; DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.08.028. 

Biros MH, McNeil MA, Ankel F, Gordon B, Lindgren KN, Joing S. Interviews with Leaders in Emergency Medicine. 

Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010; 17 (9): e87. DOI: 10.111/j1553-2712.2010.00822 

Brunette DD, Roline C. Heterotopic pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilization. The American Journal of 

Emergency Medicine. 2010; [epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.07.028 

Chase PB, Hansen KL, Rothers J, Biros MH, Cartwright CP. Nucleic-acid amplification testing of urine vs. patient 

complaint-driven evaluation. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2010; 38 (5):572-577. 

Christian MD, Joynt GM, Hick JL, Colvin J, Danis M, Sprung CL. Chapter 7. Critical care triage. Intensive Care 

Medicine. 2010; 36 (Suppl 1): S55-S64. 

Cole JB, Sattiraju S, Bilden EF, Asinger RW, Bertog SC. Isolated Tramadol Overdose Associated with Brugada ECG 

Pattern. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2010; [epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02924.x 

Dawes D, Ho J. Letter to the Editor, “Fortuitous therapeutic effect of TASER shock” misleading (On Richards 

#2008-267). Ann Emerg Med, 2009;53:286-287. 

Dawes D, Ho J, Miner J. The neuroendocrine effects of the TASER X26: A brief report. Forensic Sci Int, 

2009;183:14-19. 


Dawes D, Ho J, Reardon R, Miner J. Echocardiographic evaluation of TASER X26 probe deployment into the chests 

of human volunteers. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 28(1): 49-55. 

Dawes D, Ho J, Reardon R, Miner J. The Physiologic Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Electronic Control Device 

Discharges. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2009; 37(2): 209-210. 

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Reardon RF, Miner JR. The Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Metabolic Effects of a Long 

Duration Electronic Control Device Exposure in Human Volunteers. Forensic Science and Medical Pathology. 2010; 

6: 268-274. 

Dawes D, Ho J, Kroll M, Miner J. Electrical characteristics of an electronic control device under a physiologic load: a 

brief report. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. March 2010;33 (3): 330-336. 

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Cole JB, Reardon RF, Lundin EJ, Terwey KS, Falvey DG, Miner JR Effect of an Electronic 

Control Device Exposure on a Methamphetamine-intoxicated Animal Model. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 

2010; 17 (4): 436-443. 

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Reardon RF, Sweeny JD, Miner JR, The Physiologic Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Electronic 

Control Device Discharges. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. February 2010; 11 (1) 49-56. 

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Orozco B, Vogel E, Nelson R, Miner JR. Human creatine kinase effect from conducted electrical 

weapons. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010;17:S77. 

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Orozco B, Vogel E, Nelson R, Miner JR. The respiratory, metabolic and neuroendocrine effects 

of a new generation electronic control device. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010;17:S155. 

Deitch K, Miner JR, Chudnofsky CR, Dominici P, Latta D Does End Tidal CO2 Monitoring During Emergency 

Department Procedural Sedation and Analgesia With Propofol Decrease the Incidence of Hypoxic Events? A 

Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2010; 55 (3): 258-264. 

Dries DJ, Frascone RJ, Hick JL, Salzman J. Medical Preparation for the 2008 Republican National Convention: A 

Practical Guide (September 1-4, 2008, St. Paul, Minnesota). The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical 

Care. Accepted for publication August 2010. 

Flannagan CE, Daramola OO, Maisel RH, Adkinson C, Odland RM. Surgical Debridement and Adjunctive 

Hyperbaric Oxygen in Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2009; 140(5): 730-734. 

Gossett WA, Rockswold GL, Rockswold SB, Adkinson CD, Bergman, Quickel RR. The safe treatment, monitoring 

and management of severe traumatic brain injury patients in a monoplace chamber. Undersea and Hyperbaric 

Medicine. 2010; 37 (1): 35-45. 

Gostin LO, Hanfling D, Hodge, Jr. JG, Hick JL, Peterson CA. Standard of Care – In Sickness and in Health and in 

Emergencies. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 363(14): 1378-1379. 

Gramenz P, Roberts D, Shrag L. Intra-arterial self-injection of methadone tablets in the femoral artery. Journal of 

Emergency Medicine. 2010; 39 (3): e125-e127. 

Gross EA, Bruen C. Anorectal emergencies. EM Reports.2009; 30 (26):1-12. 

Gross EA. Computed tomographic screening for thoracic and lumbar fractures: is spine reformatting necessary? 

American Journal of Emergency Medicine. January 2010; 28 (1): 73-75. 

Hanfling D, Hick JL. Hospitals and the Novel H1N1 Outbreak: The Mouse that Roared? Disaster Med Public Health 

Preparedness, 2009: 3(Supp 2); S100-S106. 


Hanley O, Miner J, Rockswold E, Biros M. The relationship between chronic illness, chronic pain, and 

socioeconomic factors in the ED. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. April 2010. [Epub ahead of print]DOI: 

10.1016/j.ajem.2009.10.002 

Heegaard W, Hildebrandt D, Reardon R, Plummer D, Clinton J, Ho J. Prehospital Ultrasound Diagnosis of 

Traumatic Pericardial Effusion. Academic Emergency Medicine 2009; 16 (4): 364. 

Heegaard W, Fringer R, Frascone RJ, Pippert, G, Miner J. Bispectral Index Monitoring Indicates Patients Are 

Adequately Sedated. Prehospital Emergency Care 2009; 13 (2): 193-197. 

Heegaard W, Hildebrandt D, Spear D, Chason K, Nelson B, Ho J. Prehospital Ultrasound by Paramedics: Results of 

Field Trial. Academic Emergency Medicine 2010; 17(6): 624-630 

Hick JL, Barbera JA, Kelen GB. Refining Surge Capacity: Conventional, Contingency, and Crisis Capacity. Disaster 

Med and Public Health Preparedness. 2009; 3 (Suppl 1): s59-s67. (e-published ahead of print April 6, 2009 as 

doi:10.1097/DMP.0b013e31819f1ae2, print June 2009). 

Hick JL, Frascone RJ, Grimm K, Hillman M, Griffith J, Hogan M, Trotsky-Sirr R, Braun J. Health and Medical 

Preparedness and Response to the 2008 Republican National Convention. Disaster Med Public Health 

Preparedness, 2009; 3: 224–232. 

Hick JL, Christian MD, Sprung CL. Chapter 2. Surge capacity and infrastructure considerations for mass critical care. 

Intensive Care Medicine. 2010; 36 (Suppl 1): S11-S20. 

Hill C, Reardon R, Joing S, Falvey D, Miner JR, Cricothyroidotomy Technique Using Gum Elastic Bougie Is Faster 

than Standard Technique: A Study of Emergency Medicine Residents and Medical Students in an Animal Lab 

Academic Emergency Medicine. June 2010; 17 (6): 666-669. 

Ho J, Dawes D, Heegaard W, Miner J. Human Research Review of the Taser Electronic Control Device. Conf Proc 

IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2009; 1: 3181-3183. 

Ho J. Human Cardiorespiratory and acid/base effect of a civilian-conducted electrical weapon. Prehosp Emerg Care, 

2009;13:94-95. 

Ho J, Dawes D, Cole J, Hottinger J, Overton K, Miner J. Lactate and pH Evaluation in Exhausted Humans with 

Prolonged TASER X26 Exposure or Continued Exertion. Forensic Sci Int, 2009; 190: 80-86. 

Ho J. Can There Be Truth About TASERs? (Commentary) Academic Emergency Medicine, 2009:16:771-773. 

Ho J, Dawes D, Heegaard W, Calkins H, Moscoti R, Miner, J. Absence of Electrocardiographic Change After 

Prolonged Application of a Conducted Electrical Weapon in Physically Exhausted Adults. Journal of Emergency 

Medicine 2009; May 12 epub. 

Ho J, Heegaard W, Dawes D, Natarajan S, Reardon R, Miner J. Unexpected Arrest Related Deaths in America: 12 

Months of Open Source Surveillance. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 10(2): 68-73. 

Ho JD, Dawes DM, Nelson RS, Lundin EJ, Frank JR Overton KG, Zeiders AJ, Miner JR. Acidosis and 

Catecholamine Evaluation Following Simulated Law Enforcement “Use of Force” Encounters. Academic Emergency 

Medicine. July 2010; 17(7): e60-e68. 

Ho J, Clinton J, Lappe M, Heegaard W, Williams M, Miner J. Introduction of the conducted electrical weapon into a 

hospital setting. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2010; [epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.09.031 

Ho J, Dawes D, Cole J, Hottinger J, Overton K, Miner J. Corrigendum to “Lactate and pH evaluation in exhausted 

humans with prolonged TASER X26 exposure or continued exertion”. Forensic Sci Int, 2010;195:169. 


Ho JD, Dawes DM, Reardon RF, Strote SR, Kunz SN, Nelson RS, Lundin EJ, Orozco BS, Miner JR. Human 

cardiovascular effects of a new generation conducted electrical weapon. Forensic Science International. 2010; Doi: 

10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.05.003 

Ho JD, Dawes DM, Nelson RS, Lundin EJ, Ryan FJ, et al. Human acidosis and catecholamine evaluation following 

simulated law enforcement “use of force” encounters. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010; 17 (7): e60-e68. 

Ho JD, Dawes D, Johnson V, Karambay J, Kniffin, C, Nelson R, Miner J. Do conducted electrical weapon probes 

carry bacteria? Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010;17:S134. 

Lewis RJ, Duber HC, Biros MH, Cone DC, International Regulatory Status of Emergency Exception to Informed 

Consent Study Group: International resuscitation research, exception from informed consent, and the European 

Union Directive 2001/20/EC. European Journal of Emergency Medicine. October 2009; 16 (5): 234-41. 

McBeth B, McNamara R, Ankel F, Mason EJ, Ling LJ, Flottemensch TJ, Asplin BR. Modafinil and zolpidem use by 

emergency medicine residents. Ann Emerg Med 48 (4), 32 – 33, 2008 and Academic Emergency Medicine 

16(12):1311-1317, December 2009. 

Miner JR, Gray RO, Stephens D, Biros MH. Randomized Clinical Trial of Propofol With and Without Alfentanil for 

Deep Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department. Academic Emergency Medicine. September 2009; 16 (9): 

825-834. 

Miner JR. Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Crossover Study of Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, 

Acetaminophen/Hydrocodone, and Placebo for the Relief of Pain From a Standard Painful Stimulus. Academic 

Emergency Medicine, September 2009; 16 ( 9): 911-914. 

Miner JR, Gray R, Delavari P, Patel S, Patel R, Plummer D. Alfentanil for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency 

Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2010; 57(2):117-121. 

Miner JR, Gray RO, Bahr J, Patel R, McGill JW. Randomized Clinical Trial of Propofol vs. Ketamine for Procedural 

Sedation in the Emergency Department. Academic Emergency Medicine. June 2010; 17 (6): 604-611. 

Moore JA, Gross EA. Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks—United States, 2006. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2010; 55 (1): 

49-50. 

Moscati R, Ho JD, Dawes DM, Miner JR. Physiologic effects of prolonged conducted electrical weapon discharge in 

ethanol-intoxicated adults. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2010; 28: 582-587. 

Mulder M, Smith SW, Bart BA. Faster, Cooler, Better? A Comparison of Two Methods for Instituting Mild Therapeutic 

Hypothermia in Comatose Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 

March 9, 2010; 55 (10A): E1038-E1040. 

Olives T, Patel R, Patel S, Hottinger J, Miner JR. Health literacy of adults presenting to an urban ED. American 

Journal of Emergency Medicine. July 2010; [Epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1016./j.ajem.2010.03.031 

Parsons D, Convertino V, Idris A, Smith SW, Lindstrom D, Parquette B, Aufderheide TP. The ResQGARD®: a 

New Device for Combat Casualty Care to Augment Circulation and Blood Pressure in Hypotensive Spontaneously 

Breathing War Fighters. Journal of Special Operations Medicine Spring 2009; 9(2): 49-52. 

Patel R, Miner JR, Miner SL. The need for dental care among adults presenting to an urban ED. American Journal of 

Emergency Medicine. October 2010; [Epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1016./j.ajem.2010.09.011 

Prekker ME, Miner JR, Rockswold EG, Biros MH. The Prevalence of Injury of Any Type in an Urban Emergency 

Department Population. The Journal of Trauma-Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. June 2009; 66 (6): pp. 1688-1695. 


Prekker ME, Chang R, Cole JB, Reardon R. Rapid Confirmation of Central Venous Catheter Placement Using an 

Ultrasonographic “Bubble Test.” Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010; 17 (7); e85-e86. 

Reardon R. “ACEP Emergency Ultrasound Guidelines - American College of Emergency Physicians Policy 

Statement on the use of US by EP's. (www.acep.org/workarea/downloadasset.aspx?id=32878) 

Rokos IC., French WJ., Koenig WJ., Stratton SJ., Nighswonger B., Strunk B., Jewell J., Mahmud E., Dunford JV., 

Hokanson J., Smith SW., Baran KW., Swor R., Berman A., Wilson BH., Aluko AO., Gross BW., Rostykus PS., 

Salvucci A., Dev V., McNally B., Manoukian SV., King III SB. Integration of Pre-Hospital Electro-cardiograms and 

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Receiving Center Networks: Impact on Door-to-Balloon Times Across 10 

Independent Regions. Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Interventions. April 2009; 2 (4): 

339-346. 

Rubinson L, Knebel A, Hick JL. MSOFA: An Important Step Forward, but Are We Spending Too Much Time on the 

SOFA? Editorial. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2010; 4 (4): 271-272. 

Safdar B, Heins A, Homel P, Miner JR, Neighbor M, DeSandre P, Todd K. Impact of Physician and Patient Gender on 

Pain Management in the Emergency Department. Pain Medicine, March 2009; 109 (2): 364-372. 

Simonian SM, Lotfipour S, Wall C, Langdorf MI. “Challenging the Superiority of Amiodarone for Rate Control in 

Wolff-Parkinson-White and Atrial Fibrillation.” International Emerg Med. 2010:5 (5);421-426. 

Smith SW, Parquette B, Lindstrom D, Metzger AK, Kopitzke J, Clinton J. An Impedance Threshold Device 

Increases Blood Pressure in Hypotensive Patients. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. May 2010; on line; 

10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.013 

Smith SW, Clark M, Nelson J, Heegaard W, Lufkin KC, Ruiz E. Emergency Department Skull Trephination for 

Epidural Hematoma in Patients Who Are Awake but Deteriorate Rapidly. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2010; 39 

(3):377-383. 

Smith SW. Book Review of: The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR, John M. Field, 

Editor-in-Chief. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2009;54 (4);643-644. 

Smith SW. Letter to the Editor. Electrocardiographic Research on Left Bundle Branch Block Must Use Angiographic 

Outcomes and Proportionality if it is to Guide Reperfusion Therapy. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2009;53(5): 

691-692. 

Sprung CL, Zimmerman JL, Christian MD, Joynt GM, Hick JL, Taylor B, Richards GA, Sandrock C, Cohen R, Adini B. 

Recommendations for intensive care unit and hospital preparations for an influenza epidemic or mass disaster: 

Summary report of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicineʼs Task Force for intensive care unit triage during 

an influenza epidemic or mass disaster. Intensive Care Medicine. 2010: 36 (3): 428-443. 

Stellpflug SJ, Harris CR, Engebretsen KM, Cole JB, Holger JS. Intentional overdose with cardiac arrest treated with 

intravenous fat emulsion and high-dose insulin. Clinical Toxicology. March 2010; 48 (3): 227-229. 

Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Harris CR. I shouldnʼt have had dessert…A moonflower seed ingestion. Western Journal of 

Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 11 (2): 213. 

Stellpflug SJ, Fritzlar SJ, Cole JB, Engebretsen KM, Holger JS. Cardiotoxic Overdose Treated with Intravenous Fat 

Emulsion and High-Dose Insulin in the Setting of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. December 2010; DOI 

10.1007/s13181-010-0133-3. 

Thumbigere-Math V, Sabino MC, Gopalakrishnan R, Huckabay S, Dudek AZ, Basu S, Hughes PJ, Michalowicz BS, 

Leach JW, Swenson KK, Swift JQ, Adkinson C, Basi DL. Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: 

Clinical features, Risk Factors, Management and Treatment Outcomes of 26 patients. J Oral and Maxillofac Surg, 

2009; 67: 1904-1913. 


Wagner MJ, Wolf S, Promes S, McGee D, Hobgood C, Doty C, McErlean MA, Janssen A, Smith-Coggins R, Ling L. 

Mattu A, Tantama S, Beeson M, Brabson T, Christiansen G, King B, Luerssen E, Muelleman R. Duty hours in 

Emergency Medicine: Balancing patient safety, resident wellness, and the resident training experience: A consensus 

response to the 2008 Institute of Medicine resident duty hours recommendation. Academic Emergency Medicine. 

2010; 17 (9): 1004-1011. 

Wagner MJ, Wolf S, Promes S, McGee D, Hobgood C, Doty C, McErlean MA, Janssen A, Smith-Coggins R, Ling L. 

Mattu A, Tantama S, Beeson M, Brabson T, Christiansen G, King B, Luerssen E, Muelleman R. Duty hours in 

Emergency Medicine: Balancing patient safety, resident wellness, and the resident training experience: A consensus 

response to the 2008 Institute of Medicine resident duty hours recommendation. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 

September 2010; 39 (3): 348-355. 

Westgard BC, Adkinson C. “Power in studies of mortality and necrotizing soft tissue infections”. Letter to Editor, 

Surgical Infections, in regard to George, et al, Hyperbaric Oxygen does not improve outcome in patients with 

necrotizing soft tissue infection” in Surgical Infections, 2010;11 (4); 403-404. 

Yannopoulos D, Matsuura T, McKnite S, Goodman N, Idris A, Tang W, Aufderheide TP, Lurie KG. No assisted 

ventilation cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 24-hour neurological outcomes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. 

Critical Care Medicine. January 2010; 38 (1): 254-260. 

Zvosec DL, Smith SW, Hall BJ. Three Deaths Associated with Use of Xyrem ® . Sleep Medicine. April 

2009;10(4):490-493. 

Zvosec DL. Smith SW. Response to Letter to the Editor regarding “Three Deaths Associated with Use of Xyrem®. 

Sleep Medicine. April 2009;10(4):490-493.” Sleep Medicine 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.08.006 

Zvosec DL. Smith SW. Response to “Cognitive, psychomotor and subjective effects of sodium oxybate and 

triazolam in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology Sep 24 2009; 206(1):141-154.” 

Zvosec DL. Smith SW. Commentary on: [Akins BE, Miranda E, Lacy M, Logan BK. A multi-drug intoxication fatality 

involving Xyrem_ (GHB). J Forensic Sci 2009;54(2):495-6]. J Forensic Sci, September 2009 54(5):1203-4; author 

reply 1205. 

Zvosec DL, Smith SW, Porrata T, Strobl AQ, Dyer JE. Case series of 226 Gamma-hydroxybutyrate-associated 

deaths: lethal toxicity and trauma. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. April 2010; Article in press, 

corrected proof online. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.11.008. 

Zvosec DL, Smith SW. Significant underreporting of GHB deaths. Clinical Therapeutics April 2010; 32(4): 780-785. 

Zvosec DL. Smith SW. Response to Letter to the Editor, “Xyrem® (sodium oxybate) Postmarketing Adverse Event 

Reporting System,” by Dr. Wang. Sleep Medicine June 2010; 11 (6): 595-596. 

Zvosec DL. Smith SW. Response to Editorial: “Xyrem safety: The debate continues.” Sleep Medicine 2010; 

11:105-109. 

Zvosec DL. Smith SW. Response from the authors to Letter to the Editor regarding “Three Deaths Associated with 

Xyrem.” Sleep Medicine 2010; 11:106-108. 



Publications | Abstracts | Scientific Presentations 

Biros MH, Sargent C, Miller K. Community Attitudes About Research Without Consent. Academic Emergency 

Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 1): S216. Presented at the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 

2009. 

Breyer M, Sadosty AT, Biros MH. EM Grades, SLOR, and Medical School Rank Correlate Positively with Placement 

of Interviewee on EM Rank List. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 1): S63-S64. Presented at 

the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2009. 

Breyer M, Sadosty AT, Biros MH. Class Ranking Systems Reported on Medical Student Performance Evaluations 

Are Inconsistent or Unavailable. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 1): S53-S54. Presented at 

the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2009. 

Cole JB, Sattiraju S, Pace SL, Bertog SC, Asinger RW. Isolated Tramadol Overdose Associated with Brugada 

Pattern EKG Changes. Clin Toxicol 2009; 47(7):757. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical 

Toxicology, September 26, 2009, San Antonio, TX 

Cole JB, Stellpflug SJ, Karpas A, Roberts DJ. Ingestion of One Lead Fishing Sinker Resulting in Toxic Lead Levels 

Within Hours. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48(6):622. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical 

Toxicology, October 10, 2010, Denver, CO. 

Cole JB, Stellpflug SJ, Moquist KL, Setzer SC, Bilden EF. Massive Hydroxyurea Overdose in a Child Treated with 

Gastric Lavage and Activated Charcoal. Clin Toxicol 2010;48(6):655-656. Poster Presentation at the North American 

Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 12, 2010, Denver, CO. 

Cole JB, Stellpflug SJ, Gross EA, Smith SW. Wide Complex Tachycardia in a Pediatric Diphenhydramine Overdose 

Treated with Sodium Bicarbonate. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48(6):655. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress 

of Clinical Toxicology, October 12, 2010, Denver, CO 

Cole JB, Stellpflug SJ, Massive Venlafaxine Overdose Resulting in Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Clin Toxicol 

2010; 48(6):644-645. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 11, 2010, 

Denver, CO 

Dawes D, Ho J, Reardon R, Miner J. The Physiologic Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Electronic Control Device 

Discharges. J Emerg Med, 2009; 37 (2): 209-210. Presented at the First Caribbean Emergency Medicine Congress, 

Bridgetown, Barbados, January 2009. 

Dawes D, Ho J, Miner J. The Neuro-Endocrine Effects of the TASER X26 Conducted Electrical Weapon. J Emerg 

Med, 2009; 37 (2): 210. Presented at the First Caribbean Emergency Medicine Congress, Bridgetown, Barbados, 

January 2009. 

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Orozco B, Vogel E, Nelson R. Miner J. Human Creatine Kinase Effect From Conducted 

Electrical Weapons. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S77. Presented at the SAEM 2010 

Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Dawes DM. Ho JD, Orozco B, Vogel E, Nelson R, Miner JR. The Respiratory, Metabolic, and Neuroendocrine 

Effects of a New Generation Electronic Control Device. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): 

S155. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Deitch K, Miner J, Chudnofsky C, Dominici P, Latta D, Giraldo P. Does ETCO2 Monitoring during ED PSA with 

Propofol Lower the Rate of Hypoxia? A Randomized Clinical Trial. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, 

Suppl 1): S159. Presented at the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2009. 


Hart DH, Reardon RF, Miner JR, Ward C, Nelson G. Assessment of Face-Mask Ventilation Using an Airway 

Simulation Model, Phase 2. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S155. Presented at the 

SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Heegaard W, Hildebrandt DA, Ho J. The Prehospital Ultrasound Study: Results of the First Six Months. Prehospital 

Emergency Care 2009: 13 (1): 139. Presented at the 2009 NAEMSP Scientific Assembly, Jacksonville, FL, January 

2009. 

Heller, K, Budhram G, Lapine A, Reardon R. Assessment of Echocardiography Image Acquisition and Image 

Interpretation Skills in Emergency Medicine Residents. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 1): 

S26. Presented at the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2009. 

Hill C, Reardon R, Miner J, Falvey DG. Five-Step Cricothyrotomy Technique Using Gum Elastic Bougie is Faster 

than Standard Technique in Anesthetized Sheep. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 1): S159. 

Presented at the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2009. 

Hill CH, McGill JW, Reardon RF, Falvey D. Intubator Recall of Hypoxia and Number of Attempts is Often Inaccurate 

Compared to Video Review. Annals of Emergency Medicine. September 2009; 54 (3, Suppl. 1), S21. Presented at 

the ACEP Research Forum, Boston, MA, October 2006. 

Hill CH, Falvey D, Reardon RF. Effects of Emergent Intubation on Pulse Rate Using Three Different Medication 

Regimens for Rapid Sequence Intubation: A Retrospective Video Review. Annals of Emergency Medicine. September 

2009; 54 (3, Suppl. 1), S138-S139. Presented at the ACEP 2009 Research Forum, Boston, MA, October 2009. 

Ho JD, Dawes DM, Miner JR. Human Cardiorespiratory and Acid/Base Effect of a Civilian Conducted Electrical 

Weapon. Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, 2009; 13: 94-95. Presented at the 2009 NAEMSP Scientific Assembly, 

Jacksonville, FL, January 2009. 

Ho J, Dawes D: “Research Update on the TASER Electronic Control Device.” 5th European Symposium on 

Non-Lethal Weapons. Fraunhofer Institut Chemische Technologie. Karlsruhe: DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH, 

2009. 

Ho JD, Heegaard W, Miner J, Dawes D. Introduction of a Conducted Electrical Weapon in a Hospital Setting: The 

First 8 Months of Use. J Emerg Med, 2009; 37 (2): 210. Presented at the First Caribbean Emergency Medicine 

Congress, Bridgetown, Barbados, January 2009. 

Ho J, Clinton J, Lappe, M, Heegaard W, Williams M, Miner J. Introduction of the Conducted Electrical Weapon into 

a Hospital Setting. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 37: 209. 

Ho J, Dawes D, Cole J, Reardon R, Hottinger J, Terwey K, Miner J. Effect of a conducted electrical weapon 

exposure on a methamphetamine intoxicated animal model. Academic Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 

1): S222. Presented at the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2009. 

Ho J, Dawes D, Lundin E, Miner J. Comparison of Acidosis Markers Associated with Law Enforcement Applications 

of Force. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2009; 54 (3, Suppl 1): S40. Presented at the ACEP 2009 Research Forum, 

Boston, MA, October 2009. 

Ho JD, Dawes D, Johnson V, Karambay J, Kniffin C, Nelson R, Miner J. Do Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes 

Carry Bacteria? Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S134. Presented at the SAEM 2010 

Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Holger, JS, Engebretsen KM, Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Harris CR. High Dose Insulin: A Consecutive Case Series. Clin 

Toxicol 2010; 48(6):613-614. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 9, 

2010, Denver, CO 


Holm M, Caroon L, Reardon RF. Impact of Image Processing on the Pleural Sliding Sign. Annals of Emergency 

Medicine. September 2009; 54 (3, Suppl. 1), S88. Presented at the ACEP 2009 Research Forum, Boston, MA, 

October 2009. 

Knapp R, Martel ML, Miner J. Meeting Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Core Competencies: 

Development of a Novel Method to Assess Emergency Medicine Residents Systems Based Practice. Academic 

Emergency Medicine. April 2009; 16 (4, Suppl 1): S41. Presented at the SAEM 2009 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, 

LA, May 2009. 

Kwon SK, Lintner CP, Brandt R, Cole JB, Stellpflug SJ. Parachuting of Water-Extracted Dextromethorphan. Clin 

Toxicol 2010; 48(6):617. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 9, 2010, 

Denver, CO. 

Lintner CP, Kwon SK, Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB. Heating Pad Ingestion with Significant Iron Level Elevation. Clin Toxicol 

2010; 48(6):623. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 10, 2010, 

Denver, CO 

Lundin E, Dawes D, Ho J, Ryan F, Miner J. Catecholamines in Simulated Arrest Scenarios. Annals of Emergency 

Medicine, 2009; 54 (3, Suppl 1): S98-S99. Presented at the ACEP 2009 Research Forum, Boston, MA, October 

2009. 

Miner JR., Westgard BC., Gray RC., Smith SW. The Effect of Access to Health Care and Socio-Economic Status on 

the Availability and Effectiveness of Medical Treatment for Asthma and Hypertension Among Patients Presenting to 

the Emergency Department. (This was erroneously cited with incorrect authors in the publication.) Annals of 

Emergency Medicine 2009; 54(3 Suppl 1): S46. Presented at the ACEP 2009 Research Forum, Boston, MA, October 

2009. 

Miner JR, Nelson R, Lukavsky, Patel R, Hayden L, Smith SW. Vascular Occlusion Testing as a Predictor of Future 

Need for Intensive Care Unit Treatment in Patients Admitted to the Hospital From the Emergency Department. 

Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S107. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, 

Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Miner JR, Gray RO, Patel R, Plummer D. Randomized Clinical Trial of Alfentanil versus Propofol for Procedural 

Sedation in the Emergency Department. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S142. Presented 

at the SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Miner JR, Patel S, Patel R, Nelson R, Plummer D. Physiologic Stress from Unperceived Pain: 

The Change in Serum Catecholamines in Patients Undergoing Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department 

with Propofol with and without Supplemental Alfentanil. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): 

S156-S157. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Miner JR, Mason B, OʼConnor A, Patel R. Anderson L, Miner S. Correlation Between the Results of Oral Health 

Screening Exams Done on Patients in the Emergency Department by Emergency Physicians and a Dental Hygienist. 

Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S163-S164. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual 

Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Miner JR, Westgard BC, Patel R, Olives T, Biros MH. Increasing Rate of Patients Who Are Homeless or Have 

Unstable Living Situations Presenting to the Emergency Department at an Urban County Hospital between 2007 and 

2009. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S168. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual 

Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Miner JR, Westgard BC, Patel R, Olives T, Biros MH. The Increasing Rate of the Experience of Hunger Among 

Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of an Urban, County Medical Center. Academic Emergency 

Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S175-S176. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 

2010. 


Miner JR. Screening of Emergency Department Triage Patients Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Annals of 

Emergency Medicine September 2010; 15 (3): A6. Presented at the ACEP 2010 Research Forum, Las Vegas, NV, 

September 2010 

Miner JR. “Point of View” Video Documentation in the Emergency Department: Feasibility and Patient/Provider 

Perception. Annals of Emergency Medicine September 2010; 15 (3): A6. Presented at the ACEP 2010 Research 

Forum, Las Vegas, NV, September 2010 

Roline CE, Ho JD, Bahr JM. 9-1-1 Lift Assistance After a Minor Fall: Pilot Study of Patient Outcomes With Police 

Officer First Responders. Academic Emergency Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S171. Presented at the SAEM 

2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 2010. 

Scott NL, Mulder M, Bart B, Smith SW. Correlation of STEMI in Resuscitated, Non-traumatic Out-of-hospital 

Cardiopulmonary Arrest Patients with Initial Rhythm and Cardiac Catheterization Findings. Academic Emergency 

Medicine. May 2010; 17(5, Suppl 1): S194-S195. Presented at the SAEM 2010 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, June 

2010. 

Smith SW. Degree of ST Segment Upward Concavity is Only Slightly Greater in Benign Early Repolarization than in 

Electrocardiographically Subtle Acute Anterior ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Annals of Emergency Medicine 

September 2010; 15 (3): A6. Presented at the ACEP 2010 Research Forum, Las Vegas, NV, September 2010 

Smith SW. Derivation of a Rule for Diagnosis of Hypokalemia on the Electrocardiogram. Annals of Emergency 

Medicine September 2010; 15 (3): A6. Presented at the ACEP 2010 Research Forum, Las Vegas, NV, September 

2010 

Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Fritzlar SJ, Engebretsen KM, Holger JS. Overdose of Diltiazem, Metoprolol, and Amiodarone 

Treated Successfully with Intravenous Fat Emulsion and High Dose Insulin in an Awake Patient. Clin Toxicol 2010; 

48(6):612. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 9, 2010, Denver, CO. 

Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Dolan JA, Setzer SC, Moser KL, Harris CR. Life-Threatening Flecainide Overdose Treated 

with Intravenous Fat Emulsion. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48(6):612-613. Poster Presentation at the North American 

Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 9, 2010, Denver, CO. 

Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Lintner CP, Kwon SK, Roberts DJ. Diethylene Glycol: A Poison Center Review Of 10 Years Of 

Pediatric Exposures. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48(6):606. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical 

Toxicology, October 9, 2010, Denver, CO. 

Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Bangh SA, Roberts DJ. Potentially Lethal Ingestion of DMT and Syrian Rue. Clin Toxicol 

2010; 48(6):630. Poster Presentation at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology, October 10, 2010, 

Denver, CO 

Wall C. Workflow and Quality Improvements Using Wall Mounted Ultrasonography Machines in Pelvic Exam Rooms 

of a Busy Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine September 2010; 15 (3): A6. Presented at the 

ACEP 2010 Research Forum, Las Vegas, NV, September 2010 



Publications | Books and Book Chapters 

Asken M, Nystrom P. Code Calm; Mental Toughness Skills for Medical Emergencies. 

www.mindsighting.com, 2009. 

Bahr JM. Deep sutures: When, why, and why not? In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu 

A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, 

Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Bertog C. Smith SW. What ECG Changes Might Myocardial Ischemia Cause Other Than ST Segment Elevation or 

Q Waves, and What are the Differential Diagnoses of These Changes? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute 

Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 

Biros M, Heegaard W. Head Trauma. In Rosenʼs Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. Seventh 

Edition. Editors Marx, Hockberger, Walls. Mosby -Elsevier, St. Louis, 2010. 

Brady WJ. Burt D. Ghaemmagnhami C. OʼConnor R. Smith SW. What are the ECG Indications for Acute Reperfusion 

Therapy (Fibrinolysis and PCI)? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography. William 

Brady and JD Truwit, Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 

Bruen CA. Be certain to perform a neurologic examination of the hand prior to anesthetizing a laceration. In Avoiding 

Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP 

(Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Calvo DV. Remember to consider peripartum cardiomyopathy in pregnant patients with shortness of breath. In 

Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, 

Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Chang RJ. Keep it clean: Pitfalls in traumatic wound irrigation. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency 

Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters 

Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Cole JB. Be wary of Drug-drug interactions when treating cocaine-intoxicated patients. In Avoiding Common Errors in 

the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). 

Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Collier RE, Gough JE, Clement PA: Diarrhea. In Marx, Hockberger, Walls, et al, eds. Rosenʼs Emergency Medicine: 

Concepts and Clinical Practice, 7th Edition, St. Louis, Elsevier, 2010 

Connelly MD. Holger JS. Smith SW. What is a Hyperacute T Wave? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute 

Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 

Connelly MD. Holger JS. Bertog C. Smith SW. What Further Diagnostic Adjuncts to the Standard 12-lead ECG May 

Help to Diagnose Acute Coronary Syndrome? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care 

Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 

Dunlop SJ. Prophylactic antibiotic use for simple, nonbite wounds is not necessary. In Avoiding Common Errors in 

the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). 


Fong EOM. Know the complications of infertility treatment. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency 




Garlich FM. Do not rely upon the presence of an anion gap acidosis or an elevated osmol gap to diagnose toxic 

alcohol ingestion. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, 

Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Gross EA, Martel ML. Multiple Trauma. In: Marx R, Hockberger R, Walls R, et al (eds): Rosenʼs Emergency 

Medicine. 7th ed. China: Mosby; 2009; 243-51 

Hart D, Brunette D. Hypothermia. In Wolfson AB: Harwood-Nussʼ Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, 5th 

Edition, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2010. 

Hayden LM. Explore wounds properly prior to repair. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. 

Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, 


Hill CH. Beware of postpartum headaches. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. 

Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, 


Heegaard WH, Biros MH. Skull Fractures. Up to Date. 2009. 

Ho JD. “Electrocardiographic Effects of the CEW. In TASER Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, 

and Law. Ed. MW Kroll and JD Ho. New York: Springer Science Media, 2009. 

Ho JD. Serum and Skin Effects of CEW Application. In TASER Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, 

Pathology, and Law. Ed. MW Kroll and JD Ho. New York: Springer Science Media, 2009. 

Kniffin CC. Do not forget to consider nonobstetric causes of abdominal symptoms in a pregnant patient. In Avoiding 



Kroll MW, Ho JD (Eds). TASER Electronic Control Devices: Physiology, Pathology, and Law. New York: Springer 

Science Media, 2009. 

Kulig K, Ling L. General Management of Poisonings. In Marx, Hockberger, Walls, et al, eds. Rosenʼs Emergency 

Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, 7th Edition, St. Louis, Elsevier, 2010 

Ling, LJ. Ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol. In Markovchick, Pons, Bates eds. Secrets of 

Emergency Medicine. 5th Edition, Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2010. 

Martel M, Biros MH. Psychotropic Drugs. In Tintinalli, et al. (Eds). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study 

Guide. 7th Edition. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2009. 

Milkus KM. Ovarian torsion: Tips to make this tough diagnosis. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency 



Miner JR. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. In Tintinalli, et al. (Eds). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive 

Study Guide. 7th Edition. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2009. 

Miner JR, Paris P, Yealy DM. Pain Management. In Rosenʼs Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, 

Marx, Hockberger, Walls (Eds.) Mosby, anticipated 2009 

Moore JC. Remember that eclampsia can occur in postpartum and in women with no prior diagnosis of 

preeclampsia. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, 



Moscati R and JD Ho. Alcohol and the CEW. In TASER Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and 

Law. Ed. MW Kroll and JD Ho. New York: Springer Science Media, 2009. 

Olsen J, Gullett J. Do not forego a pelvic ultrasound in patients with a clinical suspicion for ectopic pregnancy but a 

low β-hCG. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, 


Orozco BS. Do not cause further tissue injury during the management of frostbite. In Avoiding Common Errors in the 

Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: 

Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Reardon RF. Ultrasound in Trauma – The FAST Exam in Ultrasound Guide for Emergency Physicians. Eds: 

Hoffmann (2009-2010) www.sonoguide.com/FAST.html 

Reardon RF. Echocardiographic Effects of Conducted Electronic Weapons. In TASER Conducted Electrical 

Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and Law. Ed. MW Kroll and JD Ho. New York: Springer Science Media, 2009. 

Reardon RF. Mateer J, Ma OJ Editors; Emergency Ultrasound Pocket Atlas - Eds:, (2010) McGraw Hill Medical, 

New York 

Reardon RF. Basic Airway Management and Decision-Making in Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine – Eds: 

Roberts J, Hedges J, et al (2010) 

Reardon RF. Tracheal Intubation in Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine – Eds: Roberts J, Hedges J, et al 

(2010) 

Reardon RF. Focused Echocardiography and Volume Assessment in Emergency Ultrasound Made Easy - Eds: 

Bowra J, McLaughlin R (2010) 

Reardon RF. Emergency Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine Study Guide - Eds: Tintinalli J, Ma OJ, et al (2010) 

Roline CE, Wang S. Be aware of the high risk associated with “fight bites”. In Avoiding Common Errors in the 



Scott NL. Consider pulmonary embolism in pregnancy and the postpartum period. In Avoiding Common Errors in the 



Sherman ML. Do not misinterpret vital signs in the pregnant patient. In Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency 



Smith SW. Larson DM. What Pseudoinfarction Patterns Mimic ST elevation Myocardial Infarction? In Critical 

Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, Editors. Blackwell 

Publishing 2009. 

Smith SW. Larson DM. What QRS Complex Abnormalities Result in ST Segment Elevation That May Mimic or 

Obscure AMI? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, 

Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 

Stellpflug SJ. Holger JS. Smith SW. What is the Role of the ECG in the Patient with Suspected Acute Coronary 

Syndrome? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, 

Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 


Stellpflug SJ. Holger JS. Smith SW. What are the Electrocardiographically Silent Areas of the Heart? In Critical 

Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD Truwit, Editors. Blackwell 

Publishing 2009. 

Todd K, Miner JR Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department. In Acute Pain Management, Sinatra, 

Leon-Casasola, Ginsberg, Viscusi (Eds) Cambridge University Press, 2009 

Villaume IV FE. Always monitor third-trimester pregnant patients after they have sustained trauma of any severity. In 

Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, 

Woolridge DP (Editors). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 2010. 

Vogel EE. Be prepared to manage postpartum hemorrhage at every delivery. In Avoiding Common Errors in the 



Walz HF. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a difficult diagnosis to make: Know the CDC recommendations. In Avoiding 



Westgard BC. Know the basics of rewarming and resuscitation of hypothermic patients. In Avoiding Common Errors 

in the Emergency Department. Mattu A. Chanmugam AS, Swadron SP, Tibbles CD, Woolridge DP (Editors). 


Whitwam W, Smith SW. Does Localization of the Anatomic Segment/Identification of the Infarct-Related Artery 

Affect Early Care? In Critical Decisions in Emergency and Acute Care Electrocardiography. William Brady and JD 

Truwit, Editors. Blackwell Publishing 2009. 

Zvosec DL, Smith SW. Gamma hydroxybutyrate and Analogues. In: Emergency Management of Drugs of Abuse. 

Harris C and Stellpflug S., eds. McGraw Hill. In Press. 


Clubs and Scrubs.....� 

Annual fundraising golf event 

BEAT THE BOSS.....�� 

Resident vs. Faculty golf event 

After hours 

SAEM......� 

Interns, residents and staff attend the annual meeting of “The Society for 

Academic Emergency Medicine”. 


Resident Bowling 

League????............�

�......PreSeason Physical 

Cross country ski race, proceeds benefit the RA Program. 

�.......Golden Chest Tube 

Football game between Emergency Medicine 

and Surgery residents 

Holiday 

Party....� 

Drs. Rearden, Miner, 

Heegaard, Sterner, 

Liberty Caroon and 

Dave Hildebrandt 

Bronz Foley.................� 

Broomball competition with Surgery 

�........ALOHA 

Party 

Welcome to our new 

residents & goodbye 

to our graduating 

residents 

�......Ultrasound Technology at the Zoo

® 


701 Park Avenue | Minneapolis, MN 55415 

www.hcmc.org

Em. Med. Annual Report 2011 - Hennepin County Medical Center

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