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S74 S. Bäärnhielm et al. / European Psychiatry 27 (2012) / supplement n°2 / S70-S75
Finally, a fi nancial evaluation of cross- cultural training is
missing [7]. In order to evaluate the economic benefi t of training
from the perspective of an institution the direct and indirect
costs of training have to be considered. To further enhance the
quality of cross- cultural training the development of quality
standards will be an important aspect. With the help of such
quality standards the conceptualisation of future training will
be upgraded. This will also make it easier to compare studies
and study outcomes.
5. Implications
In order to adapt mental health care systems to globalisation
and migration in Europ ean countries like Sweden and Germany
a general awareness of cross- cultural issues and a shared
knowledge base among professionals can provide a platform
for improved care and also new knowledge. To give an example,
both the diagnostic systems DSM- IV and ICD- 10 have the ambition
of universal validity. For DSM- IV some efforts have been
made to incorporate cultural awareness. However, the validity
of western psychiatric categories for non- western populations
is questioned [44]. Cultural sensitivity among professionals and
working with structured models taking culture into account,
like the Cultural Formulation, can contribute to obtaining more
information about variety in the phenomenology of mental
illness. This might in turn shed more light on the discussion of
universal validity of psychiatric categorisations and how to adapt
treatment to the existing variety in the population.
In an essay on multicultural medicine, Kirmayer [22] argues
that intercultural health care services can contribute to the larger
project of building a pluralistic society that allows the coexistence
and co- evolution of diverse traditions. He points out that
the clinical encounter offers a space for exploring ways of living
and working with cultural differences and it can promote trust
that encourages the other to consider a new point of view.
Acknowledgement
The current manuscript has been the result of an inspiring
and fruitful German- Swedish co- operation in the research
project on “Mental Health and Migration” (www.segemi.de)
founded by the Volkswagen Foundation.
Confl ict of interest statement
The authors declare that there is no confl ict of interests.
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