Health services and the treatment <strong>of</strong> immigrants: data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe U. Kluge, M. Bogic, W. Devillé, T. Greacen, M. Dauvrin, S. Dias, A. Gaddini, NK. Jensen, E. Ioannidi-Kapolou, R. Mertaniemi, R. Puipcinós i Riera, S. Sandhu, A. Sarvary, JFF. Soares, M. Stankunas, C. Straßmayr, M. Welbel, A. Heinz, S. Priebe ................................................................................. S56 The concept <strong>of</strong> “intercultural opening”: development <strong>of</strong> an assessment tool <strong>for</strong> the appraisal <strong>of</strong> its current implementation in the mental health care system S. Penka, U. Kluge, A. Vardar, T. Borde, D. Ingleby ............................................................................................... S63 Cross-cultural training in mental health care – challenges and experiences from Sweden and Germany S. Bäärnhielm, M. Mösko ....................................................................................................................................... S70 Teaching psychiatry and establishing psychosocial services – lessons from Afghanistan I. Missmahl, U. Kluge, Z. Bromand, A. Heinz ........................................................................................................ S76 Epilogue A. Kleinman ............................................................................................................................................................ S81 <strong>Pro<strong>of</strong>s</strong> 00_contents.indd II 14/06/2012 14:47:27
Editorial © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. European Psychiatry 27 (2012) / supplement n°2 / S1-S3 Mental health in different groups <strong>of</strong> migrants and ethnic minority within Europe and beyond: Regional and cross- national challenges and approaches in research, practice and training A. Heinz a , U. Kluge a a Department <strong>of</strong> Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Germany Mental health and migration are two issues <strong>of</strong> increasing importance <strong>for</strong> health care systems and services regarding prevention, promotion and the quality <strong>of</strong> delivery <strong>of</strong> care. Immigration and emigration are as old as mankind, however, new <strong>for</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> mobility [5,10], the effects and consequences <strong>of</strong> war and demographic changes (to name just a few) created a new quality <strong>of</strong> migration in recent years that affects European health care systems and services. A great variety <strong>of</strong> lifestyles, everyday realities and diverse cultural repertoires are interwoven and compete with each other. Migratory milieus and cross- cultural relationships create new spaces, in which individuals from different cultural backgrounds experience diversity and develop their identity and their conception <strong>of</strong> the self and their environment. The so called globalisation creates new challenges and demands and promotes new competences [24] – also in the health sector [20]. The number <strong>of</strong> migrants in the world has more than doubled since 1975, with most migrants living in Europe (56 million), Asia (50 million) and Northern America (41 millions) [8]. In Europe, approximately 27% <strong>of</strong> the population between 18 and 65 years <strong>of</strong> age are affected by at least one mental disorder, and roughly a quarter <strong>of</strong> these individuals are in treatment [23]. Mental disorders belong to the group <strong>of</strong> diseases with the highest proportion <strong>of</strong> “Disability Adjusted Life Years” (DAYLs), as demonstrated by the Global Burden <strong>of</strong> Disease Study conducted by the WHO [25]. The economic burden caused by mental diseases <strong>Pro<strong>of</strong>s</strong> 68767 EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY THE JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION ISSN 0924-9338 June 2012 Vol. 27 - Supplement n°2 pp. S1-S81 Migration and Mental Health S1 Editorial A. Heinz, U. Kluge S4 The willingness to participate in health research studies <strong>of</strong> individuals with Turkish migration backgrounds: barriers and resources. A qualitative analysis <strong>of</strong> focus groups D. Dingoyan, H. Schulz, M. Mösko S10 Socio-economic status and emotional distress <strong>of</strong> female Turkish immigrants and native German women living in Berlin MC. Aichberger, Z. Bromand, A. Heredia Montesinos, S. Temur-Erman, A. Mundt, A. Heinz, MA. Rapp, M. Schouler-Ocak S17 Mental health <strong>of</strong> Turkish woman in Germany: resilience and risk factors Z. Bromand, S. Temur-Erman, R. Yesil, A. Heredia Montesinos, MC. Aichberger, D. Kleiber, M. Schouler-Ocak, A. Heinz, MC. Kastrup, MA. Rapp S22 The infl uence <strong>of</strong> stigma on depression, overall psychological distress, and somatization among female Turkish migrants A. Heredia Montesinos, MA. Rapp, S. Temur- Erman, A. Heinz, U. Hegerl, M. Schouler-Ocak S27 Translation and adaptation <strong>of</strong> the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale <strong>for</strong> application in the bilingual Azerbaijani population F. Mammadova, M. Sultanov, A. Hajiyeva, M. Aichberger, A. Heinz S32 Construction and interpretation <strong>of</strong> self-related function and dysfunction in Intercultural Psychiatry A. Heinz, F. Bermpohl, M. Frank S44 Explanatory models and concepts <strong>of</strong> West African Malian patients with psychotic Symptoms F. Napo, A. Heinz, A. Auckenthaler S50 How to express mental health problems: turkish immigrants in Berlin compared to native Germans in Berlin and Turks in Istanbul A. Vardar, U. Kluge, S. Penka S56 Health services and the treatment <strong>of</strong> immigrants: data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe U. Kluge, M. Bogic, W. Devillé, T. Greacen, M. Dauvrin, S. Dias, A. Gaddini, NK. Jensen, E. Ioannidi-Kapolou, R. Mertaniemi, R. Puipcinós i Riera, S. Sandhu, A. Sarvary, JFF. Soares, M. Stankunas, C. Straßmayr, M. Welbel, A. Heinz, S. Priebe S63 The German concept <strong>of</strong> “intercultural opening” as an answer to challenges <strong>of</strong> migration - the development <strong>of</strong> an assessment tool <strong>for</strong> the appraisal <strong>of</strong> its current implementation in the mental health care system S. Penka, U. Kluge, A. Vardar, T. Borde, D. Ingleby S 70 Cross-cultural training in mental health care – challenges and experiences from Sweden and Germany S. Bäärnhielm, M. Mösko S75 Teaching psychiatry and establishing psychosocial services – lessons from Afghanistan I. Missmahl, U. Kluge, Z. Bromand, A. Heinz S80 Afterword A. Kleinman is the highest compared with other diseases [3]. Nevertheless, migrants and people suffering from mental health problems are among those subjects who experience the strongest barriers to access the health care systems in Europe [7] and the opening <strong>of</strong> mental health care institutions to migrants remains a widely neglected topic. Barriers preventing migrants to access the health care system are <strong>of</strong>ten attributed to cultural differences and misunderstandings. However, “culture” is a multifaceted term that is <strong>of</strong>ten (mis- )used as a putative politically correct expression <strong>of</strong> “ethnical differences”, thus reifying social differences and neglecting discrimination. Misinterpretation <strong>of</strong> social differences as cultural can there<strong>for</strong>e result in inappropriate culturalisation and lead to new stigmatisation and exclusion. On the other hand, clinical practice is <strong>of</strong>ten characterized by a lack <strong>of</strong> basic provisions to cope with cultural and social diversity, as indicated e.g. by the failure to provide translators in clinical settings. There<strong>for</strong>e, we would like to emphasize that our use <strong>of</strong> the term “culture” does not refer to a homogenous, “ethnic” category but rather to diverse aspects <strong>of</strong> a web <strong>of</strong> meanings that embeds people in various contexts [9]. Individuals develop as well as participate in diverse systems that order the available knowledge and actions with meaning. Culture is thus constituted by actions in the social and physical world and can be named as just one aspect <strong>of</strong> differentiation besides historical, social and economical features. 01_Edito.indd S1 14/06/2012 14:48:47
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patients (often with lower social s
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are listed by Turkish immigrants in
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[19] Schnegg M, Lang H. Die Analyse
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1. Introduction The number of immig
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on the availability of service usag
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Studies in some European countries
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our study, we composed an assessmen
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With regard to content, the pilot a
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Acknowledgments We are very gratefu
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cross- cultural mental health train
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3.3.2. German experiences Despite t
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[31] Mösko M, Gil- Martinez F, Sch
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2. Psychosocial care as a necessary
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* First Rank Symptoms according to
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Epilogue A. Kleinman Esther and Syd
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