Proofs - Personal Webspace for QMUL - Queen Mary, University of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

S30 F. Mammadova et al. / European Psychiatry 27 (2012) / supplement n°2 / S27-S31 Sensitivity 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.25 Notes: Area under ROC curve=0.9440 Fig. 1. Roc curve for ZSDS Scores. 0.50 1 - Specificity 0.75 1.00 developed taking into consideration the particularities of the local population [14]. Application of the scale in the Eskimo community required the scale’s items to be modifi ed to fi t idioms of the local population [10]. Similar to our study, adaptation of the Arabic ZSDS translation demonstrated diffi culties in acceptability of item 6 (I still enjoy sex), which was considered to be unacceptable due to cultural and religious sensitivities [12]. One publication cited a multiple- choice format of the ZSDS as a reason for non- completion [7]. Our study, however suggests that the main reason of non- completion, particularly in cross- cultural application of the scale, is poor acceptability of straightforward use of a Western developed self- reported questionnaire. Our results suggest that the Russian and Azerbaijani translations are suitable for application in the bilingual Azerbaijani population. We were able to establish an optimal cutoff point of the ZSDS scale for the particular Azerbaijani population context. Identifi cation of an optimal cutoff point for a self- reported tool, used as a screening instrument is a complicated issue: we need a cutoff point with sensitivity as high as possible to provide effective detection of the positive cases, but have to consider that this should not be at the expense of low specifi city [5,13,17,19]. The data obtained suggests that application of the adapted version of scale ZSDS at the cutoff point of 45 provides high sensitivity and specifi city of the scale as a depression screening tool among the Azerbaijani female population. The obtained data also provides fi ndings on the performance of separate items of the ZSDS. The context of the item 5 (“my appetite is as it used to be”) and items 7 (“I notice that I am losing weight”), which are associated with depression somatic symptoms of marked loss of appetite and weight loss respectively, showed low item- test correlations. Deletion of these items improves the total scale performance. These fi ndings suggest that the above mentioned symptoms are less common among the studied population. Item 8 (“I have trouble with constipation”), which has the lowest item- test correlation, is not associated with any ICD- 10 diagnostic criteria of depressive disorder [20]. Deletion of this item also improves the total scale performance. Poor performance of the item 8 may be because its context is not specifi c to depressive disorder symptoms [16,20]. Despite valuable data having been obtained, interpretation is limited by the relatively small non- representative sample achieved in this study. A wider- ranging study on a large randomized population sample is now being planned for the further validation of the scale to be used as a depression screening instrument in the general Azerbaijani population. 5. Conclusions Adaptation of the Zung Self- Reported Depression Scale’s translations into Azerbaijani and Russian improved cultural acceptability of the scale in the studied Azerbaijani population. The adapted version of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale is a reliable instrument for depression screening among the Azerbaijani population. A study using a larger randomized sample is needed for the further validation of the ZSDS to be applied as a depression screening instrument in the general Azerbaijani population. Confl ict of interest statement None. References [1] Agrell B, Dehlin O. Comparison of six depression rating scales in geriatric stroke patients. Stroke 1989;20:1190–4. [2] Biggs JT, Wilie LT, Ziegler VE. Validity of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1978;132:381–5. [3] Carrell BJ. Validity of the Zung self- rating scale. Br J Psychiatr 1978;133:379–80. [4] Colón de Martí LN, Guzmán Yunqué FS, Guevara- Ramos LM. Early detection of depression using the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale. P R Health Sci J 1997;16(4):375- 9. [5] de Craen AJ, Heeren TJ, Gussekloo J. Accuracy of the 15 – item geriatric scale (GDS- 15) in a community sample of the oldest old. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;18(1):63- 6. [6] Crittenden K., Fugita S. Bae H, Lamug C. Cross- Cultural Study of Self- Report Depressive Symptoms among College Students Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology June 1992:23(2):163- 78. [7] Dugan W, McDonald MV, Passik SD, Rosenfeld BD, Theobald D, Edgerton S. Use of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale in cancer patients: feasibility as a screening tool. Psychooncology 1998;7(6):483- 93. [8] Dunn VK, Sacco WP. Psychometric evaluation of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale using an elderly community sample. Psychol Aging 1989;4(1):125- 6. [9] Gabrys JB, Peters K: Reliability, discriminant and predictive validity of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale. Psych Rep 1985;57:1091–6. [10] Gregory RJ. The Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale as a potential screening tool for use with Eskimos. Hosp. Community Psychiatry [11] Kanda F, Oishi K, Sekiguchi K, et al. Characteristics of depression in Parkinson’s disease: evaluating with Zung’s Self- Rating Depression Scale. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2008;14(1):19- 23. [12] Kirkby R, Al Saif A, el- din Mohamed G. Validation of an Arabic translation of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale Ann Saudi Med. 2005;25(3):205- 8 [13] Kugaya A, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Okamura H, Uchitomi Y. Screening for psychological distress in Japanese cancer patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1998;7:483- 93. [14] Martínez KG, Guiot HM, Casas- Dolz I, et al Applicability of the Spanish Translation of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale in a general Puerto Rican population. P R Health Sci J. 2003;22(2):179- 85. [15] Passik S. Lundberg J. Rosenfeld B. et al. Factor Analysis of the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale in a Large Ambulatory Oncology Sample Psychosomatics 2000;41:121- 7. [16] Romera I, Deqado- Cohen H, Perez T et al. Factor analysis of the Zung self- rating depression scale in a large sample of patients with major depressive disorder in primary care. BMC Psychiatry 2008;14;8:4 Proofs
[17] Su KP, Chiu TH, Huang CL, et al. Different cutoff points for different trimesters? The use of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Beck DepressionInventory to screen for depression in pregnant Taiwanese women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007;29(5):436- 41. [18] Thurber S, Snow M, Honts CR. The Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale: convergent validity and diagnostic discrimination. Assessment 2002;9(4):401- 5 [19] Turk DC, Okifuji A. Detecting depression in chronic pain patients: adequacy of self- reports. Behav Res Ter. 1994;32(1):9- 16. [20] World Health Organization The ICD- 10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for Research Geneva, 1993;81–7. F. Mammadova et al. / European Psychiatry 27 (2012) / supplement n°2 / S27-S31 S31 [21] Zung WW. The role of rating scales in the identifi cation and management of the depressed patient in the primary care setting. J. Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:72- 6. [22] Zung WWK. A cross- cultural survey of depressive symptomatology in normal adults. J Cross- Cult Psychol 1972;3:177- 83. [23] Zung WWK. A cross- cultural survey of symptoms in depression. Am J Psychiatry 1969;126:116- 21. [24] Zung WWK. A self- rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;12:63- 70. [25] Zung WWK, Richards CB, Short MJ. Self- rating depression scale in an outpatient Clinic. Further validation of the SDS. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;13:508- 15. Proofs
Page 1 and 2: 68767 EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY THE JOURN
Page 3 and 4: Vol. 27, Supplement n°2, June 2012
Page 5 and 6: Editorial © 2012 Elsevier Masson S
Page 7 and 8: health of Turkish woman in Germany:
Page 9 and 10: studies [8,6,27]. Commonly suggeste
Page 11 and 12: lack of desire to obtain an educati
Page 13 and 14: the study should be emphasised [4,1
Page 15 and 16: clear is the picture regarding depr
Page 17 and 18: SD=15.9; t(183)= - 2.575; p=.011).
Page 19 and 20: as caring for children and taking c
Page 21 and 22: © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All ri
Page 23 and 24: were then scrutinized independently
Page 25 and 26: [6] Berry J, Kim U. Acculturation a
Page 27 and 28: A. Heredia Montesinos et al. / Euro
Page 29 and 30: 3.2. Interrelations of stigma, depr
Page 33: F. Mammadova et al. / European Psyc
Page 37 and 38: society, history (slavery and colon
Page 39 and 40: That the model is false suggests th
Page 41 and 42: 6. Ego disorders in psychosis - tra
Page 43 and 44: In this state, socially unaccepted
Page 45 and 46: generating a model of the self with
Page 47 and 48: Acknowledgements This work was supp
Page 49 and 50: to Kleinman, explanatory models con
Page 51 and 52: categories was performed very caref
Page 53 and 54: [31] Mayring P. Qualitative Inhalts
Page 55 and 56: patients (often with lower social s
Page 57 and 58: are listed by Turkish immigrants in
Page 59 and 60: [19] Schnegg M, Lang H. Die Analyse
Page 61 and 62: 1. Introduction The number of immig
Page 63 and 64: on the availability of service usag
Page 65 and 66: Studies in some European countries
Page 69 and 70: our study, we composed an assessmen
Page 71 and 72: With regard to content, the pilot a
Page 73 and 74: Acknowledgments We are very gratefu
Page 75 and 76: cross- cultural mental health train
Page 77 and 78: 3.3.2. German experiences Despite t
Page 79 and 80: [31] Mösko M, Gil- Martinez F, Sch
Page 81 and 82: 2. Psychosocial care as a necessary
Page 83 and 84: * First Rank Symptoms according to
Page 85 and 86:
Epilogue A. Kleinman Esther and Syd
Page 87 and 88:
Proofs
show all

Proofs - Personal Webspace for QMUL - Queen Mary, University of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?