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Semrock Master Catalog 2018

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Polarizers<br />

<strong>Semrock</strong> White Paper Abstract Library<br />

Full downloadable versions are available on our website, www.semrock.com/white-papers.aspx<br />

Mirrors NIR Filters<br />

Edge<br />

Filters<br />

Dichroic<br />

Beamsplitters<br />

Laser-line<br />

Filters<br />

Laser Diode<br />

Filters<br />

Notch<br />

Filters<br />

Lamp Clean-up<br />

Filters<br />

Maximizing the Performance<br />

of Advanced Microscopes<br />

by Controlling Wavefront<br />

Error Using Optical Filters<br />

Wavefront distortion can degrade<br />

image quality by reducing contrast or<br />

compromising resolution. In several<br />

microscopy applications, reducing<br />

wavefront distortion is critical to<br />

achieving the microscopy method.<br />

Specifying and selecting optical filters<br />

that minimize wavefront aberration<br />

is important to maximize or enable<br />

optical system performance. This article<br />

elucidates how to select optical filters<br />

for high performance microscopy,<br />

and provides guidance on choosing<br />

<strong>Semrock</strong> catalog filters for wavefront<br />

distortion performance required<br />

for applications.<br />

Super-resolution Microscopy<br />

The latest incarnation of the modern<br />

fluorescence microscope has led to<br />

a paradigm shift. This wave is about<br />

breaking the diffraction limit first<br />

proposed in 1873 by Ernst Abbe and<br />

the implications of this development<br />

are profound. This new technology,<br />

called super-resolution microscopy,<br />

allows for the visualization of cellular<br />

samples with a resolution similar to<br />

that of an electron microscope, yet it<br />

retains the advantages of an optical<br />

fluorescence microscope.<br />

Optical Filters for Laserbased<br />

Fluorescence<br />

Microscopes<br />

Lasers are increasingly and<br />

advantageously replacing broadband<br />

light sources for many fluorescence<br />

imaging applications. However,<br />

fluorescence applications based on<br />

lasers impose new constraints on<br />

imaging systems and their components.<br />

For example, optical filters used<br />

confocal and Total Internal Reflection<br />

Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopes<br />

have specific requirements that are<br />

unique compared to those filters<br />

used in broadband light source<br />

based instruments.<br />

Filter Sets for Next<br />

Generation Microscopy<br />

LED-based light engines are gaining<br />

in popularity for fluorescence imaging.<br />

However, the full potential of LED light<br />

engines remains to be realized in most<br />

imaging configurations because they<br />

are still being used with conventional<br />

filter sets designed for mercury or<br />

xenon arc lamps. <strong>Semrock</strong>’s LED-based<br />

light engine filter sets are aligned to<br />

the unique spectral peaks of the most<br />

popular LED-based light engines on the<br />

market today.<br />

Fluorescent Proteins:<br />

Theory, Applications<br />

and Best Practices<br />

The latest incarnation of the modern<br />

fluorescence microscope has led to<br />

a paradigm shift. This wave is about<br />

breaking the diffraction limit first<br />

proposed in 1873 by Ernst Abbe and<br />

the implications of this development<br />

are profound. This new technology,<br />

called super-resolution microscopy,<br />

allows for the visualization of cellular<br />

samples with a resolution similar to<br />

that of an electron microscope, yet it<br />

retains the advantages of an optical<br />

fluorescence microscope.<br />

Spectral Modeling in<br />

Fluorescence Microscopy<br />

SearchLight is a free, online spectrum<br />

plotting and analysis tool that allows<br />

fluorescence microscope users and<br />

optical instrument designers to model<br />

and evaluate the spectral performance<br />

of fluorophores, filter sets, light<br />

sources, and detectors as components<br />

of an overall system. This white paper<br />

provides the theoretical basis for the<br />

SearchLight calculations, illustrating<br />

the individual aspects with academic<br />

precision, but also with very useful<br />

insights into practical problems related<br />

to noise in biological fluorescence<br />

microscopy systems.<br />

Spectral Imaging<br />

with VersaChrome<br />

Spectral imaging with linear unmixing<br />

is necessary in multicolor fluorescence<br />

imaging when fluorophore spectra<br />

are highly overlapping. Tunable<br />

fluorescence filters now enable spectral<br />

imaging with all the advantages of thinfilm<br />

filters, including high transmission<br />

with steep spectral edges and high outof-band<br />

blocking.<br />

Creating Your Own<br />

Bandpass Filter<br />

<strong>Semrock</strong>’s VersaChrome Edge filters<br />

unlock virtually unlimited spectral<br />

flexibility for fluorescence microscopy<br />

and hyperspectral imaging as well as<br />

spectroscopy applications. By utilizing<br />

a combination of VersaChrome Edge<br />

tunable long-wave-pass and shortwave-pass<br />

filters, a bandpass filter<br />

as narrow as sub 5nm FWHM or as<br />

wide as 12% of the center wavelength<br />

throughout the visible and near-infrared<br />

wavelength ranges can be created.<br />

<strong>Semrock</strong> VersaChrome<br />

Tunable Bandpass Filters<br />

Many optical systems can benefit from<br />

tunable filters with the spectral and<br />

two-dimensional imaging performance<br />

characteristics of thinfilm filters and the<br />

center wavelength tuning speed and<br />

flexibility of a diffraction grating.<br />

Flatness of Dichroic<br />

Beamsplitters Affects<br />

Focus & Image Quality<br />

Dichroic beamsplitters are now used<br />

as “image-splitting” elements for<br />

many applications, such as live-cell<br />

imaging and FRET, in which both the<br />

transmitted and reflected signals are<br />

imaged onto a camera. The optical<br />

quality of such dichroics is critical<br />

to achieving high-quality images,<br />

especially for the reflected light. If the<br />

beamsplitter is not sufficiently flat, then<br />

significant optical aberrations may be<br />

introduced and the imaging may be<br />

severely compromised.<br />

More<br />

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