THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE 1821 TO 1833 BY W.ALISON PHILLIPS 1897

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76 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE not accustomed to discriminate between the innocent and the guilty. Sultan Mahmoud himself proved both his energy of character and the terrible intensity of his wrath. Not content with ordering the arrest of members of the Hetairia wherever he could lay hands on them, he determined by a signal act of vengeance to strike terror into the whole Greek world. According to the Ottoman theory of government, the higher State officials are personally responsible for the conduct of those they rule. Already, on the 16th of April, Musuri, the Greek Dragoman to the Porte, had been led forth in his official robes to execution. A more terrible example was to follow. The Patriarch of Constantinople was, as has been already explained, at once the civil and religious head of the Greek nation. As the civil head, he was responsible to the Ottoman Government for the conduct of the Greeks; as the religious head, he was the centre of all that was to them most venerable and sacred. The war had been proclaimed from the first extermination. as a crusade and a war of Sultan Mahmoud now wished to prove by a signal example that he took up the challenge. the early morning of the 22nd of April the Patriarch Gregorios celebrated solemn mass, as usual, surrounded by his prelates. After the service a synod was assembled, and a messenger from the Palace read a firman In
EXECUTION OF THE PATRIARCH 77 of the Sultan deposing Gregorios, and ordering the assembled bishops to proceed at once to the election of a new patriarch. The terrified prelates, with tears and trembling, had no choice but to obey; and, while the new Head of the Orthodox Church was receiving the investiture of his office, the venerable Gregorios, still in his sacred robes, was led forth and hung before the gate of the patriarchal palace. The body, after being suspended for a day or two, was cut down and handed over to the Jews, to be dragged through the streets and thrown into the sea. Picked up by a Greek ship, it was recognised and carried to Odessa, where it was buried by the Russian authorities with the honours of a martyr. 1 For a moment it seemed as though this act of barbarous vengeance would defeat its own ends, by breaking up the concert of the Powers and provoking an anti- Turkish war. A thrill of horror and indignation ran through all Christendom. To the Emperor Francis it was almost as though the Pope himself had been murdered. In Russia especially, the whole population was deeply stirred, and, at the slightest word, would have i It is characteristic of the theological amenities for which Constantinople has in all ages been distinguished, that the Greek ' Catholics ' are said to have sung a solemn Te Deum to celebrate the death of the heretical Patriarch. Mendelssohn, i. 214.
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PREFACE THIS little book makes no p
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CONTENTS CHAPTER I Continuity of th
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CONTENTS ix CHAPTER VI Death of Eli
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CONTENTS XI Critical position of Re
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CONTENTS Xlli the battle on the Pow
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CONTENTS XV the Russian Admiral Mia
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2 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE tiq
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4 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE con
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6 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE eve
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8 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE for
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10 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE bu
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12 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE of
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14 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE Th
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20 THE WAB OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE na
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22 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE of
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24 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE hi
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Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER III The rising in the Princ
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Page 58 and 59: CHAPTEK IV The rising in the Morea
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Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER VI Death of Elias Mavromich
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Page 118 and 119: 104 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE a
Page 122 and 123: 108 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE T
Page 126 and 127: 112 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE c
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Page 132 and 133: 118 TUB WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE n
Page 134 and 135: 120 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE A
Page 136 and 137: 122 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE G
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126 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE E
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128 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE B
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130 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE w
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134 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE T
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136 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE L
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138 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE i
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140 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE o
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142 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE d
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144 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE H
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146 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE u
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150 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE s
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152 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE t
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154 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE W
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156 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE p
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158 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE M
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162 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE f
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CHAPTER X Ibrahim lands in the More
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174 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE W
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CHAPTER XI THE SIEGE OF MISSOLONGHI
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188 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE m
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194 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE a
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198 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE e
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200 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE g
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CHAPTEE XII Reshid reduces West Hel
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206 THE WAR OP GREEK INDEPENDENCE t
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210 THE WAK OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE t
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212 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE m
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214 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE G
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216 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE c
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218 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE l
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222 THE WAR OP GREEK INDEPENDENCE a
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230 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE c
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232 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE G
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236 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE r
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238 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE u
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246 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE v
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248 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE h
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252 THE WAR OF GKEEK INDEPENDENCE s
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256 THE WAK OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE n
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258 THE AVAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE
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262 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE n
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CHAPTEK XVI The consequences of the
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272 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE b
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308 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE C
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316 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE C
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CHAPTEE XX Operations in East and W
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330 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE P
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346 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE O
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362 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE g
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364 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE j
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CHAPTER XXII The approach of the cr
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CHAPTEE XXin Provisional Government
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376 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE K
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394 TUB WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE w
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398 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE L
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400 THE WAK OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE t
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INDEX ABERDEEN, Lord, and Admiral C
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101; taken by Dramali, 102; Odysseu
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his dependence on Russia, 357; atte
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vade Greece, 98, 100; takes Athens
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INDEX 415 lished, 226; renewed anar
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INDEX 417 in the Morea, 45; Sultan
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Klissova, repulse of Arab and Ottom
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Sultan, 152; his navy, 158, 252, 25
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Mavromichales imprisoned at, 364, 3
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INDEX 425 seg., 130 ct seq.; their
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Ibrahim in the Bay of, 154, 166; 30
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THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE 1821 TO 1833 BY W.ALISON PHILLIPS 1897

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