THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE 1821 TO 1833 BY W.ALISON PHILLIPS 1897
MACEDONIA is GREECE and will always be GREECE- (if they are desperate to steal a name, Monkeydonkeys suits them just fine)
ΦΕΚ,ΚΚΕ,ΚΝΕ,ΚΟΜΜΟΥΝΙΣΜΟΣ,ΣΥΡΙΖΑ,ΠΑΣΟΚ,ΝΕΑ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ,ΕΓΚΛΗΜΑΤΑ,ΔΑΠ-ΝΔΦΚ, MACEDONIA,ΣΥΜΜΟΡΙΤΟΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ,ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΕΣ,ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ,ΕΝΟΠΛΕΣ ΔΥΝΑΜΕΙΣ,ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΕΡΟΠΟΡΙΑ,ΑΣΤΥΝΟΜΙΑ,ΔΗΜΑΡΧΕΙΟ,ΝΟΜΑΡΧΙΑ,ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ,ΛΟΓΟΤΕΧΝΙΑ,ΔΗΜΟΣ,LIFO,ΛΑΡΙΣΑ, ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑ,ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ,ΟΝΝΕΔ,ΜΟΝΗ,ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΕΙΟ,ΜΕΣΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ,ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗ,ΟΛΜΕ,ΑΕΚ,ΠΑΟΚ,ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΚΑ,ΝΟΜΟΘΕΣΙΑ,ΔΙΚΗΓΟΡΙΚΟΣ,ΕΠΙΠΛΟ, ΣΥΜΒΟΛΑΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟΣ,ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ,ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ,ΝΕΟΛΑΙΑ,ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΑ,ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ,ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΑ,ΑΥΓΗ,ΤΑ ΝΕΑ,ΕΘΝΟΣ,ΣΟΣΙΑΛΙΣΜΟΣ,LEFT,ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ,ΚΟΚΚΙΝΟ,ATHENS VOICE,ΧΡΗΜΑ,ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ,ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ, ΡΑΤΣΙΣΜΟΣ,ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΕΣ,GREECE,ΚΟΣΜΟΣ,ΜΑΓΕΙΡΙΚΗ,ΣΥΝΤΑΓΕΣ,ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ,ΕΛΛΑΔΑ, ΕΜΦΥΛΙΟΣ,ΤΗΛΕΟΡΑΣΗ,ΕΓΚΥΚΛΙΟΣ,ΡΑΔΙΟΦΩΝΟ,ΓΥΜΝΑΣΤΙΚΗ,ΑΓΡΟΤΙΚΗ,ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΚΟΣ, ΜΥΤΙΛΗΝΗ,ΧΙΟΣ,ΣΑΜΟΣ,ΠΑΤΡΙΔΑ,ΒΙΒΛΙΟ,ΕΡΕΥΝΑ,ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ,ΚΥΝΗΓΕΤΙΚΑ,ΚΥΝΗΓΙ,ΘΡΙΛΕΡ, ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ,ΤΕΥΧΟΣ,ΜΥΘΙΣΤΟΡΗΜΑ,ΑΔΩΝΙΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΔΗΣ,GEORGIADIS,ΦΑΝΤΑΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΕΣ, ΑΣΤΥΝΟΜΙΚΑ,ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΚΗ,ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΚΑ,ΙΚΕΑ,ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ,ΑΤΤΙΚΗ,ΘΡΑΚΗ,ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ,ΠΑΤΡΑ, ΙΟΝΙΟ,ΚΕΡΚΥΡΑ,ΚΩΣ,ΡΟΔΟΣ,ΚΑΒΑΛΑ,ΜΟΔΑ,ΔΡΑΜΑ,ΣΕΡΡΕΣ,ΕΥΡΥΤΑΝΙΑ,ΠΑΡΓΑ,ΚΕΦΑΛΟΝΙΑ, ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ,ΛΕΥΚΑΔΑ,ΣΠΑΡΤΗ,ΠΑΞΟΙ
MACEDONIA is GREECE and will always be GREECE- (if they are desperate to steal a name, Monkeydonkeys suits them just fine)
ΦΕΚ,ΚΚΕ,ΚΝΕ,ΚΟΜΜΟΥΝΙΣΜΟΣ,ΣΥΡΙΖΑ,ΠΑΣΟΚ,ΝΕΑ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ,ΕΓΚΛΗΜΑΤΑ,ΔΑΠ-ΝΔΦΚ, MACEDONIA,ΣΥΜΜΟΡΙΤΟΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ,ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΕΣ,ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ,ΕΝΟΠΛΕΣ ΔΥΝΑΜΕΙΣ,ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΕΡΟΠΟΡΙΑ,ΑΣΤΥΝΟΜΙΑ,ΔΗΜΑΡΧΕΙΟ,ΝΟΜΑΡΧΙΑ,ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ,ΛΟΓΟΤΕΧΝΙΑ,ΔΗΜΟΣ,LIFO,ΛΑΡΙΣΑ, ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑ,ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ,ΟΝΝΕΔ,ΜΟΝΗ,ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΕΙΟ,ΜΕΣΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ,ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗ,ΟΛΜΕ,ΑΕΚ,ΠΑΟΚ,ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΚΑ,ΝΟΜΟΘΕΣΙΑ,ΔΙΚΗΓΟΡΙΚΟΣ,ΕΠΙΠΛΟ, ΣΥΜΒΟΛΑΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟΣ,ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ,ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ,ΝΕΟΛΑΙΑ,ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΑ,ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ,ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΑ,ΑΥΓΗ,ΤΑ ΝΕΑ,ΕΘΝΟΣ,ΣΟΣΙΑΛΙΣΜΟΣ,LEFT,ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ,ΚΟΚΚΙΝΟ,ATHENS VOICE,ΧΡΗΜΑ,ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ,ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ, ΡΑΤΣΙΣΜΟΣ,ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΕΣ,GREECE,ΚΟΣΜΟΣ,ΜΑΓΕΙΡΙΚΗ,ΣΥΝΤΑΓΕΣ,ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ,ΕΛΛΑΔΑ, ΕΜΦΥΛΙΟΣ,ΤΗΛΕΟΡΑΣΗ,ΕΓΚΥΚΛΙΟΣ,ΡΑΔΙΟΦΩΝΟ,ΓΥΜΝΑΣΤΙΚΗ,ΑΓΡΟΤΙΚΗ,ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΚΟΣ, ΜΥΤΙΛΗΝΗ,ΧΙΟΣ,ΣΑΜΟΣ,ΠΑΤΡΙΔΑ,ΒΙΒΛΙΟ,ΕΡΕΥΝΑ,ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ,ΚΥΝΗΓΕΤΙΚΑ,ΚΥΝΗΓΙ,ΘΡΙΛΕΡ, ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ,ΤΕΥΧΟΣ,ΜΥΘΙΣΤΟΡΗΜΑ,ΑΔΩΝΙΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΔΗΣ,GEORGIADIS,ΦΑΝΤΑΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΕΣ, ΑΣΤΥΝΟΜΙΚΑ,ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΚΗ,ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΚΑ,ΙΚΕΑ,ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ,ΑΤΤΙΚΗ,ΘΡΑΚΗ,ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ,ΠΑΤΡΑ, ΙΟΝΙΟ,ΚΕΡΚΥΡΑ,ΚΩΣ,ΡΟΔΟΣ,ΚΑΒΑΛΑ,ΜΟΔΑ,ΔΡΑΜΑ,ΣΕΡΡΕΣ,ΕΥΡΥΤΑΝΙΑ,ΠΑΡΓΑ,ΚΕΦΑΛΟΝΙΑ, ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ,ΛΕΥΚΑΔΑ,ΣΠΑΡΤΗ,ΠΑΞΟΙ
326 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE Turks as were still scattered over the country, began his return march. Meanwhile, however, Hypsilanti's troops had assembled again as quickly as they had dispersed, and when Asian reached the Pass of Petra, he found his retreat cut off by a superior Greek force. Unable to fight his way through, he was compelled, on September 25, 1829, to conclude a capitulation, by which the Turks engaged to evacuate all Eastern Hellas, except the Acropolis and the fort of Karababa on the Euripus. This was the last engagement of the War of Liberation. It fell, therefore, to Prince Demetrius Hypsilanti to conclude the war, which his brother had begun, eight years before, on the banks of the Pruth. It was, however, by the victory of a mightier combatant that the fate of Greece had, meanwhile, been decided. The war, which for two summers had been waged between the Russians and Turks in the Balkan peninsula, had come to a sudden and dramatic end. It had from the first been a war of surprises, the Ottomans revealing unsuspected strength, and the Russians unsuspected weakness. And now by sheer force of as- Burance, the weaker forced the stronger to submit! General Diebitsch stood with about 13,000 men at Adrianople, in the heart of an enemy's country, threatened in the rear by the unconquered armies of the
THE PEACE OF ADRIANOPLE 327 Grand Vizier and the Pasha of Skutari, and, in front, faced by the mighty city of Constantinople, which contained at least a hundred thousand men capable of bearing arms. Yet he conquered, where he ought to have capitulated. Though his scanty troops were decimated by disease, and he had no hope of reinforcements, he succeeded, by the boldness of his movements, in exaggerating the idea of his strength, and, finally, terrified the Ottoman Government into submission. 1 On the 14th of September the Peace of Adrianople was signed. Its terms largely increased the influence of Kussia in the East, and especially in the Danubian principalities, which were rendered by its provisions practically independent of the Ottoman Government, and therefore all the more open to Russian interference. Besides certain provisions dealing with Russian trade rights and the free navigation of the Bosphorus, the treaty also included the acceptance by the Porte of the principles of the London Protocol of the 22nd of 2 March, dealing with the affairs of Greece. Thus, owing to the procrastinating policy of the other members of the Alliance, Russia was able to pose before the world as the sole guarantor of the independence 1 Fyffe. Modern Europe, i. 342. Mendelssohn, ii. 164. 2 Prokesch, Appendix, x. 30.
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326 <strong>THE</strong> <strong>WAR</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>GREEK</strong> <strong>INDEPENDENCE</strong><br />
Turks as were still scattered over the country, began<br />
his return march. Meanwhile, however, Hypsilanti's<br />
troops had assembled again as quickly as they had dispersed,<br />
and when Asian reached the Pass of Petra, he<br />
found his retreat cut off by a superior Greek force.<br />
Unable to fight his way through, he was compelled, on<br />
September 25, 1829, to conclude a capitulation, by<br />
which the Turks engaged to evacuate all Eastern Hellas,<br />
except the Acropolis and the fort of Karababa on<br />
the Euripus. This was the last engagement of the War<br />
of Liberation. It fell, therefore, to Prince Demetrius<br />
Hypsilanti to conclude the war, which his brother<br />
had begun, eight years before, on the banks of the<br />
Pruth.<br />
It was, however, by the victory of a mightier combatant<br />
that the fate of Greece had, meanwhile, been<br />
decided.<br />
The war, which for two summers had been<br />
waged between the Russians and Turks in the Balkan<br />
peninsula, had come to a sudden and dramatic end.<br />
It had from the first been a war of surprises, the Ottomans<br />
revealing unsuspected strength, and the Russians<br />
unsuspected weakness. And now by sheer force of as-<br />
Burance, the weaker forced the stronger to submit!<br />
General Diebitsch stood with about 13,000 men at<br />
Adrianople, in the heart of an enemy's country, threatened<br />
in the rear by the unconquered armies of the
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