THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE 1821 TO 1833 BY W.ALISON PHILLIPS 1897

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100 THE WAR OF GEEEK INDEPENDENCE by the treachery and cruelty by which it was accompanied. On the 21st of June, the Turkish garrison, driven by want of water to surrender, agreed to a capitulation, by virtue of which they were to be removed to Asia Minor in neutral ships. They were to lay down their arms, but were to be allowed to retain one-half of the valuables in their possession. The Bishop of Athens, a man of honourable character, and president of the Areopagus, made the Greek leaders swear on the Holy Mysteries to observe the terms of the capitulation. Eleven hundred and fifty Mussulmans, of whom only one hundred and eighty were capable of bearing arms, surrendered on these terms, and were lodged, pending the completion of the arrangements for their removal, in the extensive buildings contained within the ruins of the Stoa of Hadrian, formerly occupied by the Yoivode. Meanwhile news reached the town that the army of Dramali had passed Thermopylae. An Albanian savage named Nikkas now incited the people, as a pledge that they would never yield to the Turk, to slaughter the defenceless prisoners; and the Klephts and Armatoli, joined by the rabble of Athens, ever ready to make mock-heroics the excuse for satisfying their native lust for cruelty, set willingly to work. A scene of horror followed which has only too
MASSACRE AT ATHENS 101 many parallels during the course of this horrible war. For a whole day the streets of Athens resounded with the shrieks and cries of tortured women and children. The leaders, who had sworn, by all they held most sacred, to see the capitulation carried out, did not care, or were afraid, to interfere. The foreign consuls did what they could; but the mob had tasted blood, and their interference all but proved fatal to themselves. At last the arrival of two French ships of war in the Piraeus put a stop to the slaughter. Under a strong escort of marines, some three hundred and ninety of the Mussulmans, who had sought refuge in the French, Austrian, and Dutch consulates, were conducted to the harbour through a mob of wild tribesmen and Athenian citizens, who brandished their weapons, and yelled like demoniacs at the sight of their escaping prey. 1 i The account given by Finlay (i. 348) of this horrible affair differs from that of M. Lemaitre (p. 108). The former gives the Greeks credit for having been ashamed of themselves. After the departure of the refugees in the French Consulate, * shame operated, and all the Turks who remained in the Austrian and Dutch consulates were allowed to depart unmolested.' But M. de Reverseaux, commanding the Active (quoted verbatim by M. Lemaitre), states that he only succeeded in rescuing the latter with the utmost difficulty from the mob * of assassins ' * : Je criai que c'etait sur moi qu'ils devaient tirer, et non sur les restes infortunes d'une population desarmee; mais que s'ils avaient 1'audace, je trouverais promtement des ven-
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' THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE 182
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PREFACE THIS little book makes no p
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CONTENTS CHAPTER I Continuity of th
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CONTENTS ix CHAPTER VI Death of Eli
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CONTENTS XI Critical position of Re
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CONTENTS Xlli the battle on the Pow
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CONTENTS XV the Russian Admiral Mia
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4 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE con
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CHAPTER III The rising in the Princ
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CHAPTEK IV The rising in the Morea
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Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER VI Death of Elias Mavromich
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154 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE W
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158 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE M
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CHAPTER X Ibrahim lands in the More
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CHAPTER XI THE SIEGE OF MISSOLONGHI
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188 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE m
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CHAPTEE XII Reshid reduces West Hel
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210 THE WAK OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE t
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214 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE G
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216 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE c
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256 THE WAK OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE n
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258 THE AVAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE
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CHAPTEK XVI The consequences of the
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308 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE C
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CHAPTEE XX Operations in East and W
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CHAPTER XXII The approach of the cr
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CHAPTEE XXin Provisional Government
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376 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE K
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394 TUB WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE w
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398 THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE L
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400 THE WAK OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE t
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INDEX ABERDEEN, Lord, and Admiral C
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101; taken by Dramali, 102; Odysseu
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his dependence on Russia, 357; atte
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vade Greece, 98, 100; takes Athens
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INDEX 415 lished, 226; renewed anar
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INDEX 417 in the Morea, 45; Sultan
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Klissova, repulse of Arab and Ottom
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Sultan, 152; his navy, 158, 252, 25
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Mavromichales imprisoned at, 364, 3
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INDEX 425 seg., 130 ct seq.; their
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Ibrahim in the Bay of, 154, 166; 30
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THE WAR OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE 1821 TO 1833 BY W.ALISON PHILLIPS 1897

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