Children of Incarcerated Parents

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of 1996, instituted work requirement (or "workfare") and limited short term and lifetime benefits. The result was many more parents, primarily single mothers, pushed into lowwage work. In addition to the fundamental changes instituted to the distribution of cash assistance welfare, there has also been a sow but steady decline in their actual worth, as welfare assistance packages are not pegged to inflation or cost of living indexes. Finally, of great concern in the juvenilization of poverty is the state (or in many cases, failure) of private transfers, mainly through child support. In her seminal 1978 work on the feminization of poverty Diane Pearce suggests that one of the primary causes of the feminization of poverty (and, by extension, juvenilization of poverty) is the failure of formal and informal mechanisms to insure reliable private transfers of support to mothers and children. Absent fathers earn less, on average, than present fathers and contribute far less to the support of dependent children. Changes in Labor Markets Of particular concern to those who study the juvenilization of poverty has been the rapid Of particular concern to those who study the juvenilization of poverty has been the rapid of poverty in two-parent homes. Two main issues – employment and wages – seem to be driving poverty for two-parent families, even in cases where both parents are employed. Changes in the labor market have eliminated whole industries of labor, manufacturing, production jobs, often the type previously held by working-class parents. Low- or semiskilled workers were hit hardest by the labor market restructuring of the 1970s and 1980s. Declining rates of unionization, lowered benefits, and fewer workplace compensations have had real effects in creating poor families. Because of both the insufficient quantity of low-wage jobs and the failure of real wages to keep pace with inflation and rising living costs, many of these parents are among the ranks of the working poor. The risk of juvenile poverty is especially high for children of lower-educated, lower-skilled parents. There is additional evidence to suggest that this situation is steadily worsening especially for young families and those in the bottom economic quintile. The scholarly and political emphasis on single motherhood often obscures discussion of the poverty that exists in two-parent families. While poverty is quite high in singlemother families, and seemingly quite persistent, poverty in two-parent homes is both prevalent and especially reactive to cycles and trends in the larger economy. Bane and Ellwood focus on this particular issue, writing that there is "a much lower, but highly variable, poverty rate among children in two-parent homes". They write that industry changes and stagnant (low) real wages, rather than unemployment, lead to poverty in two-parent households. They raise the additional concern that financial stress may lead to the breakup of marriages and thus the deepening of child poverty. Page 54 of 109
Long-Term Effects Material deprivation can have serious, lasting effects on children who grow up experiencing prolonged or periodic episodes of poverty. These effects may be seen both during their juvenile development and in their lives as adults. There is a strong body of research that juvenile poverty has serious consequences for academic achievement. New research just released found that the achievement gap between poor and affluent families is actually greater than that between Whites and Blacks. Research suggests that many of the "out of school" factors associated with poverty have significant effects on daily classroom performance and overall educational attainment. It has also been shown that poor children lose time more over summer breaks when more affluent peers are traveling or involved in cultural enrichment activities. Physically, poor children have far poorer health outcomes. Poor children are at a higher risk of low birthweight are more likely to die during the first month of their lives. Poor children are at far greater risk of going without health insurance and experience higher Page 55 of 109
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Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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Page 16 and 17: overwhelming amount of stress and c
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Page 26 and 27: to 90% of all US families. Accordin
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Page 30 and 31: had contributed to apparent lower a
Page 32 and 33: ule of anthropology: That in all kn
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Page 36 and 37: Sexual Violence A form of sexual vi
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Page 66 and 67: SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson University T
Page 68 and 69: Roots. “Children of incarcerated
Page 70 and 71: demonstrate that there is a vision
Page 72 and 73: well as Harvard's Department of Soc
Page 74 and 75: In his book Still the Promised City
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Page 78 and 79: Notes _____________________________
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Page 99 and 100: THE MODEL Drawing on research on ef
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LOCATING AND ENROLLING THE CHILDREN
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Even women whose children were not
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The first step was to deliver the m
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P/PV staff tried to contact the pas
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While Amachi would help the congreg
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Table 2: Mentor Demographics Number
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26 AMACHI
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Table 3: Number and Percentage of M
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The Amachi matches included in thos
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Table 5: Number of Matches, Mentors
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changes in their lives that affecte
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BBBS Surveys Data collected by Big
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38 AMACHI
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1. A combination of four factors wa
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4. There was leadership that was ab
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to the program’s early success. D
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was privately funded, the pastor wa
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APPENDIX: CHURCHES PARTNERING IN AM
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Mentoring Children of Incarcerated
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Table of Contents I. Introduction.
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I. Introduction In his State of the
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II. Identify Programs in Your Commu
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III. Find the Right Partner Quality
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• Pre-service training for all ne
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IV. Refining the Partnership The in
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• Interest & ability to conduct m
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The Center for Children of Incarcer
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Ch i l d r e n o f In c a rc e r at
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Ch i l d r e n o f In c a r c e r a
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers The
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XVI for Drug-Free Communities Landm
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Vol. VIII 2022 ComeUnity ReEngineer
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Vol. XV 2029 Inner-Cities Revitaliz
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The e-Advocate Monthly Review 2018
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The e-Advocate Journal of Theologic
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 I
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The e-Advocate Juvenile Justice Rep
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2018 - The Theological Law Firm Aca
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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