Children of Incarcerated Parents

to parent teacher conferences. A researcher, Denise Zabkiewicz, surveyed single
mothers in poverty and measured rates of depression over time. Since recent studies in
2010 had brought the idea that work was beneficial for mental health, Zabkiewicz
thought to research if jobs were mentally beneficial to poverty line single mothers.
Those results concluded to be true; mothers’ rates of depression were significantly
lower when one held a stable, long-term job. The likelihood of getting a full-time job
decreases with certain factors. When these certain factors were surveyed in single
moms they occurred at higher rates: co-inhabiting, college degree, and use of welfare.
All of these factors are ones that the researchers, Brian Brown and Daniel Lichter,
contribute to single mothers in poverty. In light of welfare reforms as of 2001, federal
legislation required recipients of welfare (mainly aided to families) to participate in an
educational or vocational school and work part-time in order to receive the benefits.
Recipients attending a college now have 3 years to complete those degree in order to
get people to work as quickly as possible. To try towards a system of reward, Mojisola
Tiamiyu and Shelley Mitchell, suggest implementing child care services to promote
employment. Women with children work in either low-paying or part-time jobs that are
insufficient to raise a family. Single parenting in the United States has increased to 1 in
4 families being headed by a single parent. It is estimated that children living in single
parent homes are as much as 4 times more likely to become impoverished
(Juvenilization of poverty).
Social and Cultural Exclusions
Other metrics can be used besides the poverty line, to see whether or not people are
impoverished in their respective countries. The concept of social and cultural exclusion
helps to better convey poverty as a process that involves multiple agents. Many
developing countries have social and cultural norms that prevent women from having
access to formal employment. Especially in parts of Asia, North Africa, and Latin
America, the cultural and social norms do not allow women to have much labor
productivity outside the home as well as an economic bargaining position within the
household. This social inequality deprives women of capabilities, particularly
employment, which leads to women having a higher risk of poverty. This increase in
occupational gender segregation and widening of the gender wage gap increases
women's susceptibility to poverty.
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