Children of Incarcerated Parents

consequence of the social bias women face in trying to obtain formal employment,
which in turn deepens the cycle of poverty. As the number of women in poverty
increases, the diverse causes affecting their poverty must be examined. Poverty is
multidimensional, and therefore economic, demographic, and socio-cultural factors all
overlap and contribute to the establishment of poverty. It is a phenomenon with multiple
root causes and manifestations.
Femonomics
In addition to earning less, women suffer from "Femonomics", or gender of money, a
term created by Reeta Wolfsohn, CMSW, to reflect many of the inequities women face
that increase their likelihood of suffering from financial difficulties. Women have unique
healthcare problems/access problems related to reproduction increasing both their
healthcare costs and risks. Women are also more likely to be financially illiterate and
thus have a harder time knowing how to manage their money. The image of a
"traditional" woman and a traditional role still influences many cultures in today's world
and is still not in full realisation that women are essential part of the economy.
Employment
Employment opportunities are limited for women worldwide. The ability to materially
control one's environment by gaining equal access to work that is humanizing and
allows for meaningful relationships with other workers is an essential capability.
Employment is not only about financial independence, but about higher security through
an established legal position, real world experience, deeply important for sheltered or
shy women, and higher regard within the family, which gives women a better bargaining
position. Though there has been major growth in women's employment, the quality of
the jobs still remains deeply unequal.
There are two kinds of employment: Formal and Informal. Formal employment is
government regulated and workers are insured a wage and certain rights. Informal
employment takes place in small, unregistered enterprises. It is generally a large source
of employment for women. The burden of informal care work falls predominantly on
women, who work longer and harder in this role than men.
This affects their ability to hold other jobs and change positions, the hours they can
work, and their decision to give up work. However, women who have University degrees
or other forms of higher learning tend to stay in their jobs even with caring
responsibilities, which suggests that the human capital from this experience causes
women to feel opportunity costs when they lose their employment. Having children has
also historically affected women's choice to stay employed. While this "child-effect" has
significantly decreased since the 1970s, women's employment is currently decreasing.
This has less to do with child-rearing and more with a poor job market for all women,
mothers and non-mothers alike.
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