Children of Incarcerated Parents

there has been a 13% decline in
integration in public schools.
These same reports also show that in
2002, 56% of African-American students
graduated from high school with a
diploma, while 78% of whites students
graduated. If students do not feel they
are learning, they will not continue to go
to school. This conclusion is made from
the Manhattan Institute for Policy
Research report that stated only 23% of
African-American students who
graduated from public high school felt
college-ready. Hatterly suggests that the
government invest into the African-
American family by investing in the
African-American children's education. A
solution is found in providing the same
resources provided to schools that are
predominantly white. According to
Hatterly, through education equality the
African-American family structure can
increase opportunities to prosper with
equality in employment, wages, and
health insurance.
Alternatives to Incarceration
According to Hattery and Smith 25–33%
of African-American men are spending
time in jail or prison and according to
Thomas, Krampe, and Newton 28% of
African-American children do not live
with any father
representative. According to Hatterly,
the government can stop this situation
that many African-American children
experience due to the absence of their
father. Hatterly suggests probation or
treatment (for alcohol or drugs) as
alternatives to incarceration.
Incarceration not only continues the
negative assumption of the African-
American family structure, but
perpetuates poverty, single parenthood,
and the separation of family units.
History
According to data extracted from 1910
census manuscripts, compared to white
women, black women are more likely to
become teenage mothers, stay single
and have marriage instability, and are
thus much more likely to live in femaleheaded
single-parent homes. This
pattern has been known as black
matriarchy because of the observance
of many households headed by women.
The breakdown of the Black family was
first brought to national attention in 1965
by sociologist and later Democratic
Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, in the
groundbreaking Moynihan Report (also
known as "The Negro Family: The Case
For National Action").Moynihan's report
made the argument that the relative
absence of nuclear families (those
having both a father and mother
present) in Black America would greatly
hinder further Black socioeconomic
progress.
The current most widespread African
American family structure consisting of a
single parent has historical roots dating
back to 1880. Data from U.S.
Census reports reveal that between
1880 and 1960, married households
consisting of two-parent homes were the
most widespread form of African
American family structures. Although the
most popular, married households
decreased over this time period. Singleparent
homes, on the other hand,
remained relatively stable until 1960
when they rose dramatically. A study of
1880 family structures in Philadelphia
showed that three-fourths of black
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