summary of alloys - CARO-PROMETA Metallvertriebs GmbH

TECHNOLOGY
Manufacturing, application and processing
of copper alloys
Wieland-Group
CARO-PROMETA
Service and Know-How

CONTENTS
COPPER
The basis of our quality Page 2
MANUFACTURING OF
SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS
Continuous casting Pages 2 - 4
Pressing and drawing Pages 5 - 8
Spray forming Page 9
MATERIALS
Aluminium bronzes Pages 10 - 17
Tin bronzes Pages 18 - 25
Cast bronzes Pages 26 - 31
Copper zinc alloys Pages 32 - 37
Copper nickel alloys Pages 38 - 43
PROCESSING
Finished parts Pages 44 - 46
1

2
COPPER
The basis of our quality
The main component of our products is copper. A multitude of conventional and innovative alloys are
produced in our foundry. Zinc, tin and nickel, as well as chrome, titanium and silicone are the essential
alloy constituents. We thereby deploy new metals, for example in the form of copper cathodes as well as
high-quality secondary raw materials, which emerge from our own production and that of customers.
The production of semi-finished products can be assigned to the stages:
- Founding and casting
- Hot forming
- Cold forming with intermediate annealing and
- Finishing
This sequence is maintained by almost all manufacturers but mechanical equipment and details of
processes differ considerably. However, in principle there are also other production processes, and the
industrial application of the spray compacting process is relatively new, for example.
Manufacturing of semi-finished products
At the beginning of the production, the smelting of the alloys and casting of rolled plates or round billets
takes place. Pure metals, recycling materials and sometimes pre-alloys as well as remains from
production are used. Pure metals (e.g. cathode copper, pure zinc and pure tin) are acquired direct from the
smelters or refineries. Recycling material (EN 12861) partly comes from dealings with the factory and
sometimes it is delivered back by the customer, for example as shavings from lathing or chads.
The material used first arrives in the metal store where it is sorted, checked, weighed and stored. In order
to avoid impurities in the smelting, visual checks, physical tests and chemical analysis are carried out. The
cost and effort involved in testing are often considerable, particularly for recycling material. Small pieces of
material, for example, chads, are separated from the iron parts using magnets. Batches of large-sized
pieces of material are checked for impurities using a magnetic sensor. In most cases a baling process is
then carried out so that the material can be handled more easily. The composition is identified via liquid
chemical analyses or using automatic analysis equipment. The load for the furnaces is put together from
the materials to be used and weighed out into appropriate batches for transportation. “Pre-alloys” are used
for the alloying of certain elements, which are also to be introduced into low and closely tolerated
concentration (for example, manganese in white copper).
Smelting is conducted in electrically heated furnaces (induction furnaces). Different alloys in our
production range are cast in precisely planned rotation to keep the changeover expense for the furnaces
as low as possible. During the smelting, samples are ladled out from the loads and checked for conformity
with the alloy specifications and freedom from impermissible impurities. All smelting furnaces and prior to
casting, the casting furnaces, are checked. Because the results of analysis are available quickly, this
checking is not associated with production losses.

Drawing of semi-finished product manufacturing:
Smelting
Continuous
casting
(ASARCO)
Continuous casting
Continuous
Discontinuous
Hot rolling
Extruders
Tube extrusion
Band rolling
Rod drawing
Tube drawing
To cast bolts out of copper or copper alloys, with few exceptions, we use fully continuous casting
equipment. Continuous as well as discontinuous casting equipment demonstrate considerable
performances. Output of around 100 tons per working day and continuous cast can be achieved.
With Asarco casting, the mould is attached directly to the floor of the casting furnace, which usually also
serves as the smelting furnace (furnace-hinged mould). This technology is particularly suitable for
manufacturing rods, tubes and profiles with smaller diameters. High surface quality and good dimensional
precision are thereby achieved. The process is therefore used frequently for alloys, which due to high alloy
content (for example, of lead or tin) can no longer be formed without chips after casting. Such cast alloys
are only used for sleeve bearings and other purposes.
Since 1933 the Wieland-Junghans continuous casting process is the only one that has been used for
casting. The smelted material goes from the smelting furnaces to the casting furnaces, and from there,
controlled by a valve in the fore hearth, into the continuous casting equipment. This basically consists of a
water-cooled mould, open underneath, with an outlet or lowering mechanism for the existing continuous
cast. The mould sits on a movable table, which makes bobbing movements in the direction of the casting
shaft. This reduces the friction between the cast and the mould.
At the start of the casting (see fig. a on the next page) the mould is sealed from below via a so-called
starting bar head. After the moulded metal has formed a crust, the starting bar head is slowly lowered until
a short solidified metal cast is formed (fig. b). After that casting takes place at the prescribed speed (fig. c).
The area underneath the mould in the secondary cooling area of the continuous cast is also cooled by
spraying with water (see figs. b to d), so that the casting process does not have to be interrupted except
when there is a change of alloy. For discontinuous (semi-continuous) casting there is no sawing but the
casting procedure is interrupted once the cast has reached the length required. For both casting
variations, equipment is usually deployed that enables the casting of several lengths at the same time.
3

4
a
b
a Closing of the mould by the starting bar head
b Pouring in
c
d
c Continuous casting
d Separation
Fig. Precision continuous casting
Emergence of the continuous cast (700 °C) from the water-cooled mould

Pressing and drawing
The source material for pressing / drawing products are in continuous cast bolts with diameters between
150mm and 370mm, and lengths from 200mm to 1300mm. They are first pre-formed by hot forming in the
continuous casting process. For this purpose the bolts mainly inductively heated to the forming
temperature (depending on the alloy, between 600°C and 1000°C) and are formed in hydraulic continuous
casting presses using press forces of between 10MN and 35MN. The shape of the continuous cast is
formed using tools (dies) on the output side of the press.
With the continuous casting of tubes, the interior shape is made by a mandrel, the point of which is pushed
into the die opening. The mandrel is either already bored through or is pierced through (“punched out”) by
the mandrel in the first working cycle. In the pressing process the mandrel supports the forming tube inside
in both cases.
Thick rods, big profiles and tubes are usually pressed in straight lengths using single-hole dies. On the
other hand, wires with smaller diameters and also simple, light profiles are often produced using multi-hole
dies, and the individual lengths are reeled separately into bunches. A horizontal tube casting press is
shown in the figure below. A pre-heated bolt is pushed into the machine and on the left hand side the holder
for the forming tool can be seen. Before the actual pressing out the machine parts, block pick-up and tool
pick-up which are now separated from one another are put together.
Fig. Control side of a 32MN tube press
For reasons connected with the process, the material in the continuous casting process is not completely
used up. The bolts are not fully pressed out because otherwise towards the end of the pressed length socalled
discontinuities would ensue. The remains of the pressing depend on the ratio of the bolt diameter to
the product diameter and totals between 5% and 20% of the material used.
According to the material and shape of the product, they are pressed “directly” or “indirectly”. While, with
direct pressing, the die is pressed directly into the container, with indirect pressing the container moves
with the bolt against the fixed die. Thus, the friction between the press bolt and the pick-up disappears and
the press force required is decreased considerably (to around 30%), and the press speed can be
increased. The material flow arising with indirect continuous casting pressing leads to more even material
properties. These advantages are used in particular for producing wires, for example in the production of
brass wires and rods.
5

checking
6
heating up tube pressing cooling off
final drawing
straightening
checking
annealing coiling
pre-drawing
cutting to length
tubes in coils tubes in straight lengths
According to the material and shape of the product, they are pressed “directly” or “indirectly”. While, with
direct pressing, the die is pressed directly into the container, with indirect pressing the container moves
with the bolt against the fixed die. Thus, the friction between the press bolt and the pick-up disappears and
the press force required is decreased considerably (to around 30%), and the press speed can be
increased. The material flow arising with indirect continuous casting pressing leads to more even material
properties. These advantages are used in particular for producing wires, for example in the production of
brass wires and rods.
The continuous cast pressed material is then only cold formed up to the end product and depending on the
type of product, on different production lines. The pressed tubes are usually re-processed on drum-type
drawing machines. The mandrels required for adjusting the internal diameter are introduced into the front
end of the die. Due to their geometry they centre themselves independently of the die (“flying” or
“swimming” mandrel).
Should the tube be supplied in straight lengths, the final production process takes place on a special
drawing machine, which continuously draws, directs and cuts to length the material from the coil through a
die. In the other case the tubes are spooled and packed ready for despatch in this format. For both
production variants there is the option of including continuous quality checking in the process using eddy
current. Interim annealing operations are not standard for copper due to its excellent forming capacity.
At the end of the production, before the straight bending, it can be gently annealed if required. That usually
takes place under protective gas in order to avoid tindering of the tubes (bare annealing). Copper tubes for
installation purposes (SANCO tubes) are subject to special treatment, which aims to avoid grease and
carbon deposits and to create a thin oxide layer with the final annealing in the interior of soft tubes. Here
the corrosion behaviour is improved with aggressive watering.

heating up
Manufacturing
drawing of:
a) Rods
b) Profiles from easy
to press materials
c) Profile rods and profile
wires made of difficult
to press materials
pressing
heating up pressing
cutting
steeping in
corrosive fluid
cutting in lengths testing drawing
straightening
straightening
drawing
rods chamfered
and sharpened
annealing
steeping in
corrosive fluid
profile ends sawed
To manufacture coated copper tubes such as WICU and cuprotherm tubes for the sanitation and heating
industry, floor heating and radiator connection tubes, a coating with a special interior shape is put on the
bare tube. This is done with the help of an extruder. The plastic, applied in granules, is then plasticised and
in this condition it encases the tube running around the extruder head. Insulated copper tubes are
produced in straight lengths as well as coils. For tubes made of copper alloys, for example, brass tubes are
firstly formed into straight lengths using a wire drawing bench. Mandrels are fixed on to the mandrel rods
via which the tubes are pushed. After an appropriate number of pulls through dies of different diameters,
the tubes must be temporarily annealed to remove the cold solidification. The straightening process at the
end of the forming process stages is usually done on roller straightening machines for alloy tubes. An eddy
current test is the norm. To adjust the required hardness condition, final annealing operations may be
required. The oxidised layer resulting from the annealing must be removed by steeping in corrosive fluid.
Bare annealing in protective gas to avoid the formation of oxides is only normal for zinc-free materials such
as copper/nickel alloys. For other drawn products too such as rods, profiles and wires, continuous cast
pressed primary material is used. For this drawing machines as well as rolling machines are used. The
final forming usually occurs using drawing, where core lengths and average sizes are worked on using
drawing benches or drum-type drawing machines accordingly.
7

8
heating up pressing calibre rolling
bare annealing pre-drawing
profile rolling
sawing
profile drawing
straightening
profile lengths profile wire
annealing
steeping in
corrosive
fluid

Spray Forming
Spray compacting was described in the mid-1960s by A.R.E. Singer. Material benefits are attained which
cannot be achieved using conventional casting techniques:
- Low-segregation, fine-grained structures,
- Isotrope properties,
- Setting of metastable conditions,
- Insertion of fixed particles.
The process of spray compacting can be divided into three stages:
- Spraying of smelted material with inert gas,
- Flow of drops with fast cooling of the drops,
- Compacting of the drops on the collector (slow cooling of the solidified product).
The smelted material discharged from the casting dispenser is sprayed with a gas jet with the finest
droplets. Nitrogen is used as the spraying gas for copper and copper alloys. The drops sprayed, which
have an average diameter of approximately 60 µm to 80 µm, meet after a given distance in the defined
aggregate condition (mix of still liquid droplets and already solidified particles) in a collector and there they
compact into a firm mass due to their kinetic energy. When sprayed, a very thin, mushy film first forms on
the spray surface, which also solidifies quickly due to the intense discharge of heat from the already
solidified areas. It is not a traditional casting structure that forms from this but the sprayed solid has a finegrained
and uniform structure.
In one procedure variant, at the same time as the sprayed drops, firm particles are also injected into the
spray stream and therefore uniformly distributed in the spray so
that compound materials result. For example, oxides, carbides,
nitrides or borides increase the hardness and improve the
resistance to wear and tear. Metallic particles such as powder
particles of wolfram, molybdenum and niobium have better
burn-off hardness as well as high thermal and electrical
conductivity with low thermal expansion, as a result.
With materials such as graphite, there is good machinability and
better slide properties, and with metallic or non-metallic short
fibres, greater hardness.
1) Heating furnace
2) Distributor
3) Gas sprayer
4) Bolt
5) Feeder turning unit
6) Dust remover
7) Powder collection container
8) Spray chamber
9

10
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
ABS-Materials
ABS materials are heterogeneous aluminium multi-material bronzes. Added to
these with aluminium content between 8% and 12.5% are nickel and iron.
The optimisation of corrosion-resistance achieved through this in aggressive
media with above average mechanical and physical properties, explains the
particular importance of these alloys inside machines, and in shipbuilding and
apparatus engineering.
Alloys
The addition of the alloy elements, iron and nickel, leads to improved technological properties compared
to homogeneous dual material alloys. While the excellent corrosion-resistance in aggressive watery
solutions can primarily be traced to the addition of nickel, the iron content makes the alloy structure finer
and therefore increases the tensile strength.
The materials therefore correspond to the following standards
EUROPE
GERMANY
FRANCE
UK
ITALY
SPAIN
HUNGARY
CZE
INT
USA
JPN
EN
DIN
Nr.
NF
BS
UNI
UNE
Nr.
MSZ
Nr.
CSN ISO
ISO
ASTM
JIS
Comparisation of Standards:
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
CW306G
AB3S
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
2.0936
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
CW307G
AB4S
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
2.0966
CuAl10Ni5Fe3
CA 104
P-CuAl10Fe5Ni5
CuAl10Fe5Ni5
C-8270
CuAl10Fe4Ni4
AlbzK10-4-4
CuAl10Fe4Ni4
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
C63000
C6301
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
CW308G
AB5S
CuAl11Ni6Fe5
2.0978
CuAl11Ni5Fe5
The choice of alloys is primarily focused on the hardness properties required. Details on the corrosive
behaviour can be submitted as requested.
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

Properties
- High tensile strength and fatigue strength even at increased temperatures (400ºC)
- Good corrosion-resistance against neutral fluids and acids, watery solutions and sea water
- Good resistance to tindering, erosion and cavitation
- Good heat and electrical conductivity
- Good slide properties at slow speeds with high loads, particularly for thermal load and wear
and tear
- Cost-saving through low processing elements and tolerances, particularly for drawn/pressed
versions
- Few rejects
- No noticeable loss of notched impact strength at temperatures up to -196ºC
Applications
- Ships’ axles and tube extruder shafts - Ships’ fittings
- Internal parts of high pressure fittings - Screws and worm wheels
hydraulic valves for the highest pressure - Lasts
levels - Pump shafts
- Gear parts - High performance bearings
- Rotor caps and wedges - Sliding block
- Wearing parts - Bolts and screws
- Non-sparking tools - Plastic and glass moulds
Mechanical Properties:
Tensile strength
0,2%-proof stress
Elongation
Hardness
R m
R 0,2
p
A 5
HB
Physical Properties:
Density
Smelting range
Electrical conductivity
Electrical resistance
Heat conductivity
Expansion coefficient
Specific heat
Var. resistance to bending
Permeability
Elasticity module
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
%
min.
ca.
min.
3
g/m
°C
m/Ohm mm²
m/Ohm (20 °C)
W/m . K
6
10 /K
J/g . K (20-100 °C)
-6
10 N/mm² (20 °C)
μ
kN/mm²
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
AB3S / CW306G
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
R590
590
(330)
12
140
R690
690
(510)
6
180
AB3S / CW306G
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
7,6
1040 - 1050
7
-
57
17
-
-
-
120
AB4S / CW307G
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
R680
680
(480)
10
-
R740
740
(530)
8
-
AB4S / CW307G
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
7,5
1050 - 1080
4 - 6
0,2
50
17
0,452
290
< 1,9
117 - 120
AB5S / CW308G
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
R750
750
(450)
10
-
R830
830
(680)
-
-
AB5S / CW308G
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
7,4
1060 - 1080
5
0,2
40
17
0,435
310
< 1,6
127
11

12
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
Processing notes
1. Hot forming:
ABS alloys are easy to forge. For this the material should be heated evenly to 940-980ºC. Temperatures
over 980ºC or under 800ºC should not be exceeded / must be reached. The stress relieving annealing
temperature is 680ºC. The parts to be forged should be cooled down in still air. Subsequent heat treatment
is not required. The alloys are not suitable for cold forming.
2. Welding and soldering:
The alloys may be satisfactorily welded using MIG or WIG and electric arc welding applying electrodes in
the same material and direct current. Resistance welding is also possible.
For hard welding special flux containing fluoride, as well as silver solder with a low melting point
(approximately 650ºC) should be used. For soft welding a solution of phosphoric acid in water is
recommended. Copper coating in advance makes this procedure easier.
3. Mechancal processing:
The alloys can be processed like a steel of the same Hardness. The most advantageous to use for this are
P30 carbides, cutting angle 0º, preliminary work: vc=100-150m/min, f=0.2-0.4mm/U, finished work
vc=200-250m/min, s=0.05-0.10mm. For drilling, a spiral drill sharpened on one side (0.1-0.2mm) is
recommended, fully cooled by using a drilling emulsion. For thread cutting a good lubricant must be used.
High surface quality can be achieved by grinding and diamond turning. In the event that low detornation
(changes in the grain) occurs with the processing, in critical cases stress relieving annealing at 350 ºC for
one hour can be carried out prior to finishing processing.
®
CARO Ψpsi CARO
®
Ψ-AL - The new generation of high-strength aluminium bronzes
psi
®
- CARO Ψ psi -AL13: Hard with good distension
®
- CARO Ψ psi -AL14: Very hard with distension
®
- CARO Ψ -AL15: Harder than steel
psi
These high-strength aluminium bronzes are high-end materials, which demonstrate unique mechanical
properties due to their innovative production processes in the field of cast bolt production.
They are thereby the subsequent advancement of traditional aluminium bronzes.

®
CARO Ψ psi -Examples of applications
Properties
- Forming technology
- Deep drawing technology
- Bearing technology
- Profile rolling
Thanks to the spraying procedure this produces
a homogeneous structure with identical grain sizes of 60µm.
Left: traditional cast bolt
Right sprayed bolt
Even hardness profile
While with traditional production procedures the
mechanical properties based on the nonhomogeneous
textural structure could vary
®
considerably, CARO Ψpsi-AL materials guarantee
the same rigidity and hardness properties at each
and every point of the part.
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
Homogeneous structures
Spray compacting enables absolutely homogeneous
textural structures in contrast with cast material. This
is the result of the uniform cooling of the spray bolt.
Due to the thus reduced segregation, materials can
be pressed from these bolts, which traditionally from
one cast bolt could not be further processed.
HB 413
HB 413
HB 415
HB 412
HB 419
Primary material for forming tools with high hardness and
even distribution of rigidity
13

14
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
Advantages
- A machinability up to 30% better is achieved due to the homogeneity, despite extreme
hardness and rigidity.
- Minimising tool costs.
- The lower wear and tear on tools due to the unique machinability leads to considerable
savings in tool costs.
- Excellent wear resistance.
- Premature wear and tear on surfaces of below average quality is prevented.
- Precise cutting edges.
- The processed surfaces are smooth and the cutting edges precise and without any flaws on
the surface.
Large flaws on the cutting edges with
traditionally produced material.
Mechanical Properties of CAROΨpsi: Tensile strength
Yield strength
Elongation
Hardness
Compressive strength
R m
R 0,2
p
A 5
HB
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
%
2
N/mm
Physikalische Eigenschaften CAROΨpsi: electrical
Conductivity
Heat Conductivity Room temperature
Heat Conductivity 300 °C
Density
E-module
Melting range
Heat forming
m/Ohm mm²
%IACS
W/m . K
W/m . K
3
g/cm
kN/mm²
°C
°C
ca. 900
ca. 350
ca. 5
> 250
>1150
4
7
35
68
7,2
60
1035 - 1045
620 - 730
Barely any flaws with CAROΨpsi
AL13 AL14 AL15
-
-
-
> 320
> 1200
3
6
30
60
7,0
75
1035 - 1045
620 - 730
-
-
-
> 360
> 1300
AL13 AL14 AL15
3
6
26
50
7,0
90
1020 - 1040
620 - 730

We stock a comprehensive range of highperformance
aluminium bronzes in different
delivery conditions precisely suited to your
application.
AB3S
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
AB4S
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
AB5S
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
CARO psi
CuAl13Fe4,5Mn1,25Co1,25
CARO psi
CuAl14Fe4,5Mn1,25Co1,25
CARO psi
CuAl15Fe4,5Mn1,25Co1,25
Delivered formats:
Material: Programme:
Description Material number
CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C
CuAl8
CuAl8Fe3
CuAl9Mn2
CuAl9Ni3Fe2
CuAl10Fe2
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
® ΨAL13
® ΨAL14
® ΨAL15
CW306G
CW307G
CW308G
CC333G
---
CW303G
---
CW304G
CC331G
CC334G
---
---
---
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
Tubes
Round bars
x
Flat bars
Square bars
Hexagonal bars
Wire
Profile
Sheets / blank cuts
x x x x x
x
x x
x x x x
x
x x
Other materials supplied on request x ... from stock ... on request
15

16
ALUMINIUM BRONZES
SUMMARY OF ALLOYS
Description
Material no.
Material description
Old material no.
Old material description
Brief description
Condition
Standard
Chemical composition *
Copper Cu
Aluminium Al
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
Nickel Ni
Iron Fe
Manganese Mn
Lead Pb
Silicon Si
Phosphorous P
Tellurium Te
Titanium Ti
Chrome Cr
Cobalt Co
Other total
* Weight %
Mechanical properties
2
Tensile strength RM N/mm
2
0,2 % tensile yield strength Rp N/mm
Elongation A5 %
Hardness HB 2,5 / 62,5
2
Compressive strength N/mm
Physical Properties
.
Heat conductivity W/m K
Electrical conductivity MS/m
2
E-module N/mm
3
Density g/cm
-6
Heat expansion coefficient 10 /K
Cast structure
CC333G
CuAl10Fe5Ni5
2.0975
CuAl10Ni
R650
EN 1982
76,0 - 83,0
8,5 - 10,5
0,1
0,5
4,0 - 6,0
4,0 - 5,5
3,0
0,03
0,1
650
280
13
150
60
4 - 6
110 - 128
7,6
CW306G
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
2.0936
CuAl10Fe3Mn2
AB3S
R590 R690
EN 12163 - M -
Balance
9,0 - 11,0
0,1
0,5
1,0
2,0 - 4,0
1,5 - 3,5
0,05
0,2
0,2
590 690
(330) (510)
12 6
(140) (180)
57
7
120
7,6

Wrought alloy structure
CW307G
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
2.0966
CuAl10Ni5Fe4
AB4S
R680 R740
EN 12163
Balance
8,5 - 11,0
0,1
0,4
4,0 - 6,0
3,0 - 5,0
1,0
0,05
0,2
0,2
680 740
(480) (530)
10 8
(170) (200)
50
4-6
117-120
7,5
17
CW308G
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
2.0978
CuAl11Fe6Ni6
AB5S
R750 R830
EN 12163
Balance
10,5 - 12,5
0,1
0,5
5,0 - 7,0
5,0 - 7,0
1,5
0,05
0,2
0,2
750 830
(450) (680)
10 -
(190) (230)
40
5
127
7,4
17
CuAl13Fe4,5Mn
1,25Co1,25
®
CARO ΨAl13
psi
Balance
13
4,5
1,25
1,25
ca. 900
ca. 350
ca. 5
>250
>1150
35
4
60
7,2
Spray formed structure
CuAl14Fe4,5Mn
1,25Co1,25
CARO
®
ΨAl14
psi
no standard
Balance
14
4,5
1,25
1,25
-
-
-
>320
>1200
30
3
75
7
CuAl15Fe4,5Mn
1,25Co1,25
®
CARO ΨAl15
psi
Balance
15
4,5
1,25
1,25
-
-
-
>360
>1300
26
3
90
7
17

18
TIN BRONZES
The special material CAROBRONZE
®
The phosphorous tin bronze, CAROBRONZE , has assumed an excellent position for many decades
among the usual sleeve bearing materials on the market. Its effectiveness as a slide material that is
capable of withstanding a high level of stress has been proven again and
again in comparative running tests and in practice, for more than eighty
years.
The alloy:
The difference in DIN EN 12449 for
the first time (see below) between
CuSn8 and CuSn8P is based on the
s p e c i a l s l i d e p r o p e r t i e s o f
®
CAROBRONZE / CuSn8P in the
semi-fluid friction range. CARO-
®
BRONZE (CuSn8P) covers CuSn8
with outstanding slide properties.
The phosphorous content on the one
hand brings about the elimination of
wear processes (see chart) and
facilitates lubricant film adhesion on
the other hand (please find details on
these test series in our notebook
1/1979).
The special material properties are based on the synergy of alloy purity,
high phosphorous content and specific wrought alloy forming and heat
®
treatment. CAROBRONZE allows the design of thin-walled and small
(space-saving) sleeve bearing bushes that can withstand high stresses.
The completed measurements required are largely achieved by cold
drawing with very low processing elements.
The proportion of phosphorous that
is decisive for the slide properties, the high tin content and the purity of CAROBRONZE are controlled
separately and maintained within tight limits.
The standard analysis (chemical composition) is: Sn circa 8.1%
P circa 0.3%
Cu the remainder
®
CAROBRONZE
EUROPE
GERMANY
FRANCE
GBR
ITALY
SPAIN
INT
USA
HUN
CZE
JPN
thereby conforms to the following national and international standards:
EN
DIN
NF
BS
UNI
UNE
ISO
ASTM
MSZ
CSN
JIS
Wear coefficient
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
®
Wear-resistance of different sleeve bearing materials
CAROBRONZE
Alloy
CuSn8
Comparisation of standards:
Produkt standard
17662
A 51-111
2874
2527-1
37-103-1
4382
vol. 02.01
710-1
423096-1
Produkt standard
G-CuSn12
G-CuPb15Sn
CuSn8P
CuSn8
CuSn8P
Pb104
CuSn8
CuSn8P
CuSn8P
C52100
CuSn8
C52100
C5212
G-CuSn7ZnPb
CW459K
2.1030
C-7150
Bz8

Application and properties:
Material properties:
- Excellent slide properties
- High wear strength
- High load-bearing capacity
- High fatigue strength
- Impervious to impact and shock stress
- High resistance to erosion and cavitation
- Corrosion and seawater resistant
- Good heat conductivity
- Good temperature resistance
--> High-performance slide materials
for the highest demands in load
acceptance, slide speed and
wear-resistance for semi-fluid
friction and hydrodynamics.
Mechanical and physical properties
Areas of application:
- Particularly suitable for thin-walled (space-saving)
sleeve bearing bushes
- Spindle nuts, cogs, worm wheels and pinions
- Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant designed part
such as bolts, screws, spindles and nuts
- Piston pumps and compressors
- Construction and agricultural machinery
- Hydraulics and pneumatics
- Motors and gears
- Vehicle and rail coach construction
- Mining machinery
- Pressure and tool machinery
- Injection moulding machinery
- Precision engineering
CAROBRONZE can be produced in a wide spectrum of mechanical properties due to the wrought alloy
forming and thermal treatment. The delivered conditions range from R390 to R700.
For the most popular applications, the condition R450 or R460 is used, which we keep in stock. We can
also conduct factory acceptance tests according to Brinell hardness, as required (e.g. hardness 125
according to DIN EN 12163).
The delivered conditions can be detailed as follows:
Mechanical Properties:
Tensile strength Rm Brinell hardness HB
Elongation A5 0,2%-Proof stress
A5 Mechanical Properties:
Tensile strength
Brinell hardness
Elongation A 5
0,2%-Proof stress
R p
R m
HB
A 5
R p
2
N/mm
2,5/62,5
%
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2,5/62,5
%
2
N/mm
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
460
-
30
280
Tubes according to DIN EN 12449 CW459K
R460 R550 R620 R700 H130 H165 H180
390
-
45
260
Round rods according to DIN EN 12163 CW459K
The solidity and hardness to be achieved are dependent upon each dimension. The values may be
requested via a data sheet.
550
-
12
480
450
-
26
280
620
-
5
540
550
-
15
430
TIN BRONZES
700
-
-
-
620
-
-
550
-
125-160
-
-
700
-
-
-
-
160-190
-
-
-
125-160
-
-
-
min.175
-
-
R390 R450 R550 R620 R700 H125 H160
-
160-190
-
-
19

20
TIN BRONZES
The degree of hardness to be achieved is influenced by the diameter and wall thickness. With a wall
thickness of up to 11mm, the conditions R460 and R550, tube outer diameter up to 120 or 110mm are
available.
The solidity condition R460 combines good values for yield strength and tensile strength with high
distension values. If special requirements for impact and shock stress are required, the solidity conditions
R550 and R630 can be used.
Physical Properties:
Elasticity module
Length equalisation coefficient
Heat conductivity
Density
Processing notes
in kN/mm
-6
in 10 /K
W/m . K
3
kg/dm
2
®
CAROBRONZE
®
CAROBRONZE rods and tubes are precisely cold drawn with small diameter tolerances and are
extremely suitable for processing on machines.
®
As a homogeneous, tough material with a high level of solidity, CAROBRONZE is not one of the copper
alloys that is easy to machine and forms long flowing shavings when turned. The choice of cutting material
and cutting geometry are therefore of the greatest importance to achieve the processing result.
Recommendation for tool and cutting data
Cut True rake
Open surface
115
17
59
8,8
Werkzeugspitze
Tool point for
für Feindrehen:
fine tuning:

1.) TURNING
a) Rough turning and rough machining
Turning steel with carbide turning plate (carbide K10).
Clearance angle a + 4 ° up to + 7 °
Sharpening angle b + 78 ° up to + 84 °
Front rake angle c + 2 ° up to + 5 °
The front rake angle is the most important of all tool angles. Large front rake angles facilitate the chip flow
and reduce cutting power and edge temperature. Small rake angles increase the cutting wedge and allow
turning at higher speeds. The cutting power increases, however, so that the smallest front rake angle is
used for the final processing procedure with low cutting depth.
Edge rounding Edge radius r = 0,3 - 0,8 mm
Cutting speed: using carbide 350 - 400 m / min
Feed rate: 0,3 - 0,45 mm / U
b) Fine turning and smoothing
Carbide K10 (with the usual aluminium geometry) or diamond
Cutting depth 0.05 0.15mm at the diameter
Cutting speed: 500 600m/min
Feed rate:

22
TIN BRONZES
6.) WELDING AND SOLDERING
®
CAROBRONZE can be welded but changes in the structure in the area of the welding seam cannot be
avoided. Hard soldering is therefore preferable. Corrosion-resistant and fixed connections can be
achieved, particularly with silver solder.
®
Special material: :
CAROPA
For thick-walled parts, for which for technical forming reasons CAROBRONZE can no longer be
produced, we offer tubes made of CAROPA. These tubes correspond to CAROBRONZE with regard to
purity, phosphoric content and alloy composition, but due to their thick walls they are not subject to the
same intensive wrought alloy forming.
The mechanical properties are comparable to those of CAROBRONZE R390. The physical properties
correspond to the values of CAROBRONZE mentioned above.
TOLERANZANGABEN
®
CAROBRONZE
Tubes
Precision press fit tubes
Round bars
Square bars
Hexagonal bars
Standard tolerances
Measurements AD / SW ID
- 50 mm
- 120 mm
> 120 mm
> 15 mm
15 - 30 mm
30 - 40 mm
40 - 50 mm
0 / + IT11
0 / + IT12
0 / + IT13
+ 0,02 / + 0,04
+ 0,03 / + 0,06
+ 0,04 / + 0,07
+ 0,04 / + 0,08
h 10
h 11
h 11
®
CAROPA Standard tolerances
Measurements AD / SW
Tubes - 100 mm 0 / + IT12
CuSn6 Standard tolerances
Sheets DIN 1731
- IT 11 / 0
- IT 12 / 0
- IT 13 / 0
- IT 11 / 0
- IT 11 / 0
- IT 11 / 0
- IT 11 / 0

We stock a comprehensive range of highperformance
bronzes in different delivery
conditions precisely suited to your application.
CAROBRONZE R450 / R460
CuSn8P
CAROBRONZE R550
CuSn8P
CAROBRONZE R620
CuSn8P
CAROBRONZE R730
CuSn8P
CAROBRONZE M
CuSn8
CAROPA
CuSn8P
CuSn8PPb
CuSn6
CuSn5
CARO444
CuSn4Pb4Zn4
CuSn5Pb1
Delivered formats:
Material: Programme:
Description Material number
CW459K
CW459K
CW459K
CW459K
CW453K
---
CW460K
CW452K
CW451K
CW456K
CW458K
x x
x
TIN BRONZES
x x x
Other materials supplied on request x ... from stock ... on request
Tubes
Round bars
Flat bars
Square bars
Hexagonal bars
Wire
Profile
Sheets / blank cuts
x
23

24
TIN BRONZES
SUMMARY OF ALLOYS
Description
Material no.
Material description
Old material no.
Old material description
Brief description
Condition
Standard
Chemical composition *
Copper Cu
Aluminium Al
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
Nickel Ni
Iron Fe
Manganese Mn
Lead Pb
Silicon Si
Phosphorous P
Tellurium Te
Titanium Ti
Chrome Cr
Cobalt Co
Other total
* Weight %
Mechanical properties
2
Tensile strength RM N/mm
2
0,2 % tensile yield strength Rp N/mm
Elongation A5 %
Hardness HB 2,5 / 62,5
2
Compressive strength N/mm
Physical Properties
.
Heat conductivity W/m K
Electrical conductivity MS/m
2
E-module N/mm
3
Density g/cm
-6
Heat expansion coefficient 10 /K
Cast structure
-
CuSn8P
®
CAROPA
GC -
Balance
-
7,5 - 8,5
bis 0,3
bis 0,3
bis 0,1
0,05
0,2 -0,4
390
260
45
-
58
7
115
8,8
CW456K
CuSn4Pb4
CARO444
R450
EN 12164
Balance
-
3,5 - 4,5
3,5 - 4,5
bis 0,2
bis 0,1
3,5 - 4,5
0,01 - 0,4
bis 0,2
450
350
10
150
80
8,5
118
8,8
CW456K
CuSn4Pb4
CARO444
R550
EN 12164
Balance
-
3,5 - 4,5
3,5 - 4,5
bis 0,2
bis 0,1
3,5 - 4,5
0,01 - 0,4
bis 0,2
550
500
5
180
80
8,5
118
8,8
CW456K
CuSn4Pb4
CARO444
R640
EN 12164
Balance
-
3,5 - 4,5
3,5 - 4,5
bis 0,2
bis 0,1
3,5 - 4,5
0,01 - 0,4
bis 0,2
640
580
-
200
80
8,5
118
8,8
CW4
CuS
2.10
CuS
R50
DIN EN
Bala
5,5 -

52K
n6
20
n6
0 R560
1652 DIN EN 1652
0
450
190
8
5
ce
7,5
2
2
1
2
0,04
CW452K
CuSn6
2.1020
CuSn6
Balance
5,5 - 7,5

26
CAST BRONZES
CAROCAST-EN / Precision continuous casting
CAROCAST-EN is manufactured in the continuous casting process. This process enables the
manufacture of tubes, rods and simple profiles. By controlling the smelted material with precisely set
casting parameters, there are advantages compared with conventional casting processes. Precision
continuous casting semi-finished products have therefore prevailed in machine, vehicle and apparatus
engineering as a high quality, cost-saving primary material for the manufacturing of sleeve bearings, worm
wheels, corrosion-resistant machine components and fittings in the fields of sanitation and heating.
CAROCAST-EN offers the following advantages in contrast to
traditional cast bronzes:
- Even, fine-grained cast structures, and compared to sand
casting or moulding considerably fewer porosities or
segregations. Far fewer defects.
- Very smooth and clean surfaces for casting, low
measurement tolerances.
- Low processing additives, similarly pressed material
therefore low material loss and short processing times and
low costs.
- Very good for machining. On machines the use of multi-range collets (DIN 6343) is
recommended. Extended collets have proven themselves as multi-spindle machines.
- Long lifetime for cutting tools as no hard cast skin.
- Easy to recycle.
The fine and even structure formation with continuous casting is particularly advantageous, which
contributes to the excellent slide and failsafe properties. This particularly applies to the lead distribution.
Moreover, the mechanical properties are more favourable with continuous casting than with other casting
processes such as sand casting or moulding, due to the special structure formation. In many cases lower
tin content is required to maintain the same properties.
Composition, mechanical properties and other requirements are now set out in the European standard,
EN 1982 and continuous casting is denoted GC. We test the HB hardness at our check point. Tensile
strength and distension requirements must be arranged separately.
CAROCAST-EN is manufactured according to the latest European standards. These standards are
described by leading manufacturers in mechanical engineering and the automobile industry in the new
technical drawings. The purity of the alloy composition is at the forefront of this.
Based on the problems increasingly emerging with radioactively contaminated cast bronzes (munitions
dumps) all materials we use are checked for radiation.
CAROCAST-EN is stocked in the following alloys:
- CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C
- CuSn12-C

EUROPE
GERMANY
FRANCE
GBR
ITALY
SPAIN
INT
USA
JPN
EN
DIN
NF
BS
UNI
UNE
ISO
ASTM
JIS
CuSn7Zn4Pb7
GC-CuSn7ZnPb
CuSn7Pb6Zn4
-
G-CuSn7Zn4Pb6
CuSn7Zn4Pb6
CuSn7Pb7Zn3
C93200
Mechanical properties:
Tensile strength
Brinell hardness
Elongation A 5
0,2% Proof stress
R m
HB
A 5
R p
Physical properties:
-
2
N/mm
2,5/62,5
%
2
N/mm
Density
Heat expansion coefficient (20-300°C)
Heat conductivity (20°C)
Electrical conductivity (20°C)
Elasticity mode
Comparisation of standards:
ca.
ca.
ca.
min.
CC492K
2.1090.04
CuSn12-C
GC-CuSn12
CuSn12
PB2
G-CuSn12
CuSn12
-
C92500
PBC2C
260 / 300*
70
12 / 30*
120 / 140*
CC483K
2.1052.04
CuSn7Pb15-C
GC-CuPb15Sn
-
300 / 350*
90
6 / 25*
150 / 170*
LB1
G-CuSn8Pb15
CuSn8Pb15
CuPb15Sn8
C93800
LBC4C
CC496K
200 / 200*
65
8 / 15*
90 / 150*
2.1182.04
CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C CuSn12-C CuSn7Pb15C
g/cm³
6
10 /K
W/m. K
m/Ohm mm²
kN/mm²
CAST BRONZES
Our comprehensive stock and our 24-hour service round off our customer-orientated spectrum of
services. You can also test how efficient we are for finished parts and benefit from our technical
consultancy for machining and sleeve bearing design.
8,9
18,5
63
7,7
93
8,9
18,5
55
6,3
95
*) Wieland Qualität
CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C CuSn12-C CuSn7Pb15C
9,1
18,8
59
7,0
85
27

28
CAST BRONZES
Applications and properties:
Alloy: Properties: Application:
EN CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C CC492K
DIN GC-CuSn7ZnPb 2.1090.04
Copper / tin / zinc / lead
(red bronze)
EN CuSn12-C CC483K
DIN GC-CuSn12 2.1052.04
Copper / tin
(tin bronze)
EN CuSn7Pb15-C CC496K
DIN GC-CuPb15Sn 2.1182.04
Copper / tin / lead
(lead bronze)
Proven standard alloy for all
s l e e v e b e a r i n g s u s e d i n
mechanical engineering with
medium stress. Very good slide
and failsafe properties as well as
high wear and tear stability.
CuSn7ZnPb7-C can also be used
where sand cast tin bronze is
usually used and is more costeffective
than this.
Part of the copper / tin cast alloy
group, this material has the
highest wear and tear stability of
the continuous cast materials as
well as good slide properties. As a
result of the high tin content,
CuSn12-C is harder than
CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C, which should
be taken into account when
selecting the shaft material.
CuSn12-C is the standard alloy
among the copper / tin cast alloys.
Recommended for sleeve
bearings and hard shafts and to
be avoided for edge pressing,
particularly if the admissible high
loads and slide speeds are to be
exploited.
Standard alloy under the copper /
tin / lead / cast alloys, which
demonstrates excellent failsafe
properties and is largely
impervious to edge pressing. It is
also used in many cases for main
spindles in tool machines, as no
superficially hardened spindles
are used here.
Bearings for lifting gears,
supplementary bearings in
machine tools, piston bolt bushes
for a load of up to 50N/mm2, valve
and push fit rings, guide bushings
in hydraulic cylinders, abrasive
rings, bearings in packaging
machines and electro-motors,
general bearings in machine and
apparatus engineering. The use
of normal (unhardened) shaft
material is permitted.
A large area of deployment for this
material is in water-carrying
connection elements and fittings.
Main spindle bearings in machine
tools for which the highest
precision is required, such as fine
turning machines, grinding
machines and gears, piston bolt
bushes, press bearings, highly
stressed spindle nuts and fast
running worm wheels.
Textile machines and pump
engineering. CuSn7Pb15-C can
be used for “water lubricating”
especially in pump engineering.

Quality from the manufacturer. As WIELAND Group
company we largely manage products from our
own production.
CAROCAST
CuSn7Zn4Pb7
CAROCAST
CuSn12
CAROCAST
CuSn7Pb15
CAROCAST
CuSn11Pb2
CAROCAST
CuSn12Ni2
CAROCAST
CuSn10Pb10
CAROCAST
CuSn5Pb20
CAROCAST
CuSn5Zn5Pb5
CAROCAST
CuSn10
Formats supplied:
Material: Programme:
Description Material number
CC493K
CC483K
CC496K
CC482K
CC484K
CC495K
CC497K
CC491K
CC480K
CAST BRONZES
x x x x
x x x x
Other materials supplied on request x ... from stock ... on request
Tubes
Round bars
Flat bars
Square bars
Hexagonal bars
Wire
Profile
Sheets / blank cuts
29

30
CAST BRONZES
SUMMARY OF ALLOYS
Description
Material no.
Material description
Old material no.
Old material description
Brief description
Condition
Standard
Chemical composition *
Copper Cu
Aluminium Al
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
Nickel Ni
Iron Fe
Manganese Mn
Lead Pb
Silicon Si
Phosphorous P
Tellurium Te
Titanium Ti
Chrome Cr
Cobalt Co
Other total
* Weight %
Mechanical properties
2
Tensile strength RM N/mm
2
0,2 % tensile yield strength Rp N/mm
Elongation A5 %
Hardness HB 2,5 / 62,5
2
Compressive strength N/mm
Physical Properties
.
Heat conductivity W/m K
Electrical conductivity MS/m
2
E-module N/mm
3
Density g/cm
-6
Heat expansion coefficient 10 /K
CC483K
CuSn12
2.1052
CuSn12
CAROCAST - EN
EN 1982
85,0 - 88,5
bis 0,01
11,0 - 13,0
bis 0,5
bis 2,0
bis 0,2
0,2
0,7
0,01
0,06
300
150
6
90
55
6,3
95
8,9
18,5

Aluminiumbronzen
Cast structure
CC493K
CuSn7Zn4Pb7
2.1090
CuSn7ZnPb
CAROCAST - EN
EN 1982
81,0 - 88,5
bis 0,01
6,0 - 8,0
2,0 - 5,0
bis 2,0
bis 0,2
5,0 - 8,0
0,01
260
120
12
70
63
7,7
93
8,9
18,5
CC496K
CuSn7Pb15
2.1182
CuPb15Sn
CAROCAST - EN
EN 1982
74,0 - 80,0
bis 0,01
6,0 - 8,0
bis 2,0
0,5 - 2,0
bis 0,25
0,2
13,0 - 17,0
0,01
0,1
200
90
8
65
59
7
85
9,1
18,8
31

32
COPPER / ZINC ALLOYS
Brass and special brass
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi (CW713R)
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPB (CW710R)
EUROPE
GERMANY
FRANCE
UK
ITALY
SPAIN
SWISS
SWEDEN
INT
USA
JPN
EN
DIN
Nr.
NF
BS
UNI
UNE
Nr.
SN / VSM
SIS
ISO
ASTM
JIS
The most common copper / zinc alloys contain 5 to 45% zinc as well as copper.
To improve the machinability, copper / zinc alloys may contain lead as well as
copper and zinc.
Multi-material alloys, generally speaking known as “special brass”, contain
other alloy elements such as aluminium, iron, manganese, nickel, silicone and
tin, which mainly serve to increase solidity as well as improving the slide
properties and corrosion-resistance.
Comparisation of standards:
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
CW713R
CuZn40Al2
2.0550
---
CZ 135, CZ114**
CuZn36Al1Fe1Mn1Pb**
CuZn37Al2Fe2Mn2Pb**
P-OTS2/3 **
CuZn36Mn3Al2Si1Fe
C-6660
CuZn40Al2
---
CuZn37Mn3AlPb2Si
C67400**
---
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb
CW710R
CuZn35Ni2
2.0540
*) The tolerance ranges of standardised alloys in countries outside Europe are not equal to the specifications according to
EN in all cases.
**) Limited comparability due to wide analytical spread.
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
CuZn21Si3
UNS C69300
®
CARO BRASS
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

Properties
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi is a
construction material with high solidity, good
viscosity, very good flow and slide properties, and
good stability against weather influences.
A typical microstructure contains circa 3.9%
MnFe-silicone as a carrier for wear and tear
Applications
- Construction parts of all types
- Shims
- Synchronised rings
- Valve ducts
- Bearing bushes
- Selector forks
Special notes and remarks
Mechanical properties:
Tensile strength
0.2% Proof stress
Elongation
Hardness
R m
R 0,2
p
A 5
HB
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
%
min.
approx
min.
approx
M
---
---
---
---
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb is a construction material
with medium to high solidity properties. Due to ist
alloy additives it demonstrates an increased
corrosionresistance.
Applications
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
EN 12164/EN 12165
R540 S R590 S
min. 540 min. 590
approx 280 approx 320
min. 15 min. 12
approx 150 approx 160
- Apparatus engineering
- Shipbuilding
- Machine and apparatus
engineering
With simultaneous presence of mechanical tensions and corrosive media (particularly environments
containing ammonia) there is a risk of stress crack corrosion.
®
CARO BRASS CuZn21Si3
Mechanical properties:
Tensile strength
0.2% Proof stress
Elongation
Hardness
R m
R 0,2
p
A 5
HB
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
%
min.
approx
min.
approx
COPPER / ZINC ALLOYS
< 10 mm
min. 700
min. 450
10
---
10-30 mm
min. 650
min. 400
18
---
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb
EN 12163/EN12165
M
---
---
---
---
CuZn21Si3
®
CARO BRASS
30-40 mm
min. 600
min. 350
20
---
R490 S
mind. 490
approx 300
mind. 20
min. 120, max. 150
®
CARO BRASS is a lead-free, highly resistant special brass with good corrosion-resistance as well as very
good machinability. The material is suitable for the manufacture of turning and die forged parts. By adding
silicone the start-up resistance increases and the impermeability to tension crack corrosion and
dezincification decreases.
40-70 mm
min. 530
min. 300
20
---
33

34
COPPER / ZINC ALLOYS
Physical properties:
Electrical conductivity MS/m
% IACS
Heat conductivity
Density
E-module
W/m. K
3
g/cm
2
kN/mm
Processing properties:
Machinability
CuZn39Pb3 = 100%
Cold forming capability
Hot forming capability
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
40%
7,8
13,4
63
8,1
93
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
poor
very good
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb
5,7
9,8
46
8,3
100
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb
50 %
average
good
CuZn21Si3
®
CARO BRASS
4,5
7,8
33
8,25
ca. 85
CuZn21Si3
®
CARO BRASS
80 %
good
very good

Ensure your production process with tried-andtested
quality from our comprehensive range.
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb
CuZn31Si1
CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C
CuZn34Mn3Al2Fe1-C
CuZn35Mn2Al1Fe1-C
CuZn39Pb3
®
CARO BRASS
Delivered formats:
Material: Programme:
Description Material number
COPPER / ZINC ALLOYS
CW713R
CW710R
CW708R
CC762S
CC764S
CC765S
---
---
x x x x
x
x x
Other materials supplied on request x ... from stock ... on request
Tubes
Round bars
Flat bars
Square bars
Hexagonal bars
Wire
Profile
Sheets / blank cuts
35

36
COPPER / ZINC ALLOYS
SUMMARY OF ALLOYS
Description
Material no.
Material description
Old material no.
Old material description
Brief description
Condition
Standard
Chemical composition *
Copper Cu
Aluminium Al
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
Nickel Ni
Iron Fe
Manganese Mn
Lead Pb
Silicon Si
Phosphorous P
Tellurium Te
Titanium Ti
Chrome Cr
Cobalt Co
Other total
* Weight %
Mechanical properties
2
Tensile strength RM N/mm
2
0,2 % tensile yield strength Rp N/mm
Elongation A5 %
Hardness HB 2,5 / 62,5
2
Compressive strength N/mm
Physical Properties
.
Heat conductivity W/m K
Electrical conductivity MS/m
2
E-module N/mm
3
Density g/cm
-6
Heat expansion coefficient 10 /K
CW708R
CuZn31Si1
2.0490
CuZn31Si1
R460S
EN 12163
66,0 - 70
-
-
Balance
0,5
bis 0,4
-
bis 0,8
0,7 - 1,3
-
min. 460
approx. 250
min. 22
approx. 115 - 145
71
8,9
108
8,4
CW708R
CuZn31Si1
2.0490
CuZn31Si1
R530S
EN 12163
66,0 - 70
-
-
Balance
0,5
bis 0,4
-
bis 0,8
0,7 - 1,4
-
min. 530
approx. 330
min. 12
approx. 140
71
8,9
108
8,4
C
CW7
CuZn35Ni
2.05
CuZn
R49
EN 1
58,0 -
0,3 -
- 0
Bala
2,0 -
- 0
1,5 -
0,2 -
0,
min.
approx
min
approx. 1
4
5,
10
8,

opper / zinc (Special brass)
10R
3Mn2AlPb
40
35Ni2
0S
2163
60,0
1,3
,5
nce
3,0
,5
2,5
0,8
1
490
. 300
. 20
20 - 150
6
7
0
3
Wrought alloy structure
CW713R
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
2.0550
CuZn40Al2
R540S
EN 12164
57,0 - 59,0
1,3 - 2,3
- 0,4
Balance
- 1,0
- 1,0
1,5 - 3,0
0,2 - 0,8
0,3 - 1,3
min.540
approx. 280
min. 15
approx. 150
63
7,8
93
8,1
CW713R
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi
2.0550
CuZn40Al2
R590S
EN 12164
57,0 - 57
1,3 - 2,3
- 0,4
Balance
- 1,0
- 1,0
1,5 - 3,0
0,2 - 0,8
0,3 - 1,3
min.590
approx. 320
min. 12
approx. 160
63
7,8
93
8,1
®
CARO BRASS
-
-
-
CuZn21Si3
76
Balance
3,0
0,03
< 10 mm
700
450
10
33
7,8
85
8,25
37

38
COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS
®
CARODUR
®
CARODUR materials are beryllium-free, environmentally friendly
thermally curable alloys based on CuNi. The annealing (thermal curing) in
combination with a solidification caused by cold forming, gives the
materials high solidity and hardness, high wear-resistance and high
fatigue strength. The mechanical properties are also heat-resistant to a
great degree.
The option of carrying out the curing as required on the semi-finished
product as well as the finished part, or the manufacturing process at any
stage, explains the increasing significance of these materials in the fields
of die casting, welding, electrical and sleeve bearing engineering as well
as mechanical engineering and chemical apparatus engineering.
Cu
Ni
Si
Composition Material description
Standard values in weight %
Rest
2,0
0,5
CW111C CuNi2Si
DIN* CuNi2Si - 2.0855
UNI* CuNi2Si
ISO CuNi2Si
UNE* Cu Ni2Si C-9435
ASTM C64700
*) Unique national standards
®
CARODUR materials can be supplied in the “cured” (annealed) condition as well as in the “curable”
(solution annealed) condition. According to requirements with regard to the mechanical properties and
measurement tolerances, the semi-finished products can only be supplied pressed or pressed and drawn.
CuNi1Si
CuNi2Si
CuNi3Si
-
-
EU
CW109C
CW111C
Properties
-
-
-
GERMANY
EN DIN NR.
CARODUR 1
CARODUR 2
CARODUR 3
CARODUR DC
®
CARO ΨNi7
psi
Comparisation of alloys
CuNi1,5Si
CuNi2Si
-
-
-
2.0853
2.0855
-
-
-
ITALY
-
CuNi2Si
-
-
-
SPAIN
UNE NR.
37-103-1
CuNi2Si
Physical properties Processing properties
Electrical conductivity
Heat conductivity
Density
MS/m
.
W/m K 3
g/cm
17 - 23
160
8,8
UNI
-
-
-
C-9430
C-9435
Machinability average
Cold forming capability good
Hot forming capability very good
-
-
-
INT
ISO
-
C64700
-
-
-
USA
-
C64700
C18000
-
-

Mechanical properties:
Tensile strength
0.2% Proof stress
Elongation
Hardness
R m
R 0,2
p
A 5
HB
Material properties:
- Excellent cold and hot forming capability
- Very good corrosion-resistance
- High solidity and hardness attainable
through annealing
- Resistance against tension crack corrosion
- Good electrical conductivity
®
CARODUR -DC / CARO :
® ΨNi7 in particular
- Good slide properties
- Wear-resistance
- High fatigue strength
- Excellent thermo-technical properties
®
Further information about our CARODUR -DC special material can be found in our special brochure.
Fields of application
- Bearing and collar bushing - Valve guide bushings
- Guide bushings and rails - Sliding elements
- Heat stressed bearings - (High-strength) screws
- Relay screws - Wearing electrical contact elements
- Catenary clamps - Fittings for copper tube ducts
- Die forged parts
CARODUR CARO
®
®
-DC / ΨNi7 psi in particular:
- Die casting pistons
- Antechamber nozzles
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
%
psi
*) for aluminium and magnesium alloys
COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS
R600
> 600
(> 510)
> 6
> 190
Heat Wärmeleitfähigkeit
conductivity
(W/m. K)
250
CARODUR-DC
200
150
100
50
0
R640
640
590
10
> 190
Stahl/steel/acieer
100 200 300 400 500
Temperatur Temperature (°C) (°C)
CARO ® ΨNi7
psi
ca. 880
ca. 800
ca. 8
ca. 290
39

40
COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS
Fields of application
Processing notes:
1. Forming:
CARODUR ®
-DC or CARO psi is used in aluminium die
casting machines in particular and also replaces CuCoBe
and CuBe in particular.
® ΨNi7
In sleeve bearing technology bearing bushes and guide
valve bushes as well as guide rails and sliding elements are
®
manufactured using CARODUR by preference.
In plastic engineering CARODUR or is
used as a substitute material for CuCoBe (spray nozzles).
®
CARO ®
ΨNi7
psi
®
In general mechanical engineering CARODUR fulfils the
special requirements for corrosion and weather resistance,
e.g. for highly stressed screws.
®
In railway engineering CARODUR is used in the form of
clamps for electrical catenary, feeders and earthing.
®
CARODUR materials are good for cold forming and excellent for hot forming. The recommended delivery
condition for semi-finished products, which are processed through cold forming, can be pressed, cured or
drawn and cured according to the type and scope of the shaping and the requirements for the end product.
For heat forming please use pressed material. The processing temperature is approximately by 880 - 900
°C.
2. Machine processing:
The cured condition is the most suitable for this. If the parts are formed first and mechanically processed at
the end, then the thermal curing can be conducted expediently after forming and before the machining
processing.
3. Curing:
For curing, tensile strength, yield strength and hardness as well as electrical conductivity increase. We
recommend the curing temperature for particular applications be checked with us (guide value
approximately 450°C).
In the “cured” delivered condition, no heat treatment should be carried out on the products.

Our beryllium-free materials combine the best
physical and mechanical properties with
productivity.
CARODUR 1
CuNiSi
CARODUR 2
CuNi2Si
CARODUR 3
CuNi3Si
CARODUR-DC
CuNi2Si+Cr
CuCr1Zr
CuZr
CARO
®
ΨNi7
psi
Material: Programme:
CW109C
CW111C
---
---
CW106C
CW120C
---
Delivered formats:
Description Material number
COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS
x x x x
Other materials supplied on request x ... from stock ... on request
Tubes
Round bars
Flat bars
Square bars
Hexagonal bars
Wire
Profile
Sheets / blank cuts
41

42
COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS
SUMMARY OF ALLOYS
Description
Material no.
Material description
Old material no.
Old material description
Brief description
Condition
Standard
Chemical composition *
Copper Cu
Aluminium Al
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
Nickel Ni
Iron Fe
Manganese Mn
Lead Pb
Silicon Si
Phosphorous P
Tellurium Te
Titanium Ti
Chrome Cr
Cobalt Co
Other total
* Weight %
Mechanical properties
2
Tensile strength RM N/mm
2
0,2 % tensile yield strength Rp N/mm
Elongation A5 %
Hardness HB 2,5 / 62,5
2
Compressive strength N/mm
Physical Properties
.
Heat conductivity W/m K
Electrical conductivity MS/m
2
E-module N/mm
3
Density g/cm
-6
Heat expansion coefficient 10 /K
CW109C
CuNi1Si
2.0853
CuNi1,5Si
®
CARODUR -1
R590
EN 12163
Balance
-
-
-
1,3
0,5
>590
>540
>12
180
160
17 - 23
140
8,8
CW111C
CuNi2Si
2.0855
CuNi2Si
®
CARODUR -2
R640
EN 12163
Balance
-
-
-
2,0
0,5
>640
>590
>10
190
160
17 - 23
140
8,8
Wrought alloy
CA
a
0

CuNi3Si
-
-
®
RODUR -3
R580
Balance
2,4 - 2,6
,55 - 0,70
>580
>470
approx. 8
ca. 210
200
25 - 30
135
8,9
Copper / nickel
-
CuNi2Si+Cr
-
-
®
CARODUR -DC
-
Balance
-
-
-
2,2
0,5
0,5
>600
>550
>6
190
160
17 - 23
140
8,8
Sprühgefüge
CuNi7Mn2
®
CARO ΨNi7
psi
Balance
ca. 7
ca. 1,8
ca. 1
approx. 880
approx. 800
approx. 8
approx. 290
150
43

44
FINISHED PARTS
In machining, sleeve bearings are made from rods and primary tube material in modern factories via
turning, cutting and grinding operations, which are also supplied to internationally known customers. Our
spectrum of services includes:
®
CARO
SLEEVE BEARINGS
We specialise in the manufactured of high-precision finished parts made of high quality materials from our
own semi-finished product works.
We manufacture:
- According to DIN ISO 4379 / DIN 1850
- According to drawing / details
- In all part sizes
- In almost all dimensions
- From most bearing materials
Typical fields of application:
- Large diesel engines
- Automotive fields
- Printing machines
- Gears / compressors / pumps
- General machine engineering
Our order-related manufacturing of all solid sleeve bearings is particularly flexible and cost-effective with
regard to version format, tolerance and choice of material. We are happy to give advice in all sleeve
bearing matters. Please contact our technical office or complete the questionnaire attached.
®
CARO
SLEEVE BEARINGS AND
SLIDING ELEMENTS WITH SOLID LUBRICATIONS
Our sleeve bearings and sliding elements with solid lubricants are
maintenance-free, self-lubricating bearings, which we supply ready to
install according to customer requirements. The solid lubricants jointly
developed and patented by us are particularly suitable for medium to high
loads, and at the same time low sliding speeds; oscillating movements and
intermittent operation as well as applications in which oils and greases are
not required.
®
CAROPLUS - solid lubricants in drill holes
®
CARO FSW - solid lubricants in grooves
ø d4 -0,2
ø d3 e7
DIN 509-E
x
1x45°
R1.25
ø 0,01 A
f
k±0,05
x
S2 -0,5/-1
x
l1
A
t
c2
b1 c1
R1.25
2,5
1x45°
ø d1 F8
ø d3 e7
ø d3 k6
ø 0,01 A
Festschmierstoff
solid lubricant

CARO
®
®
CARO valve guides made of the materials CAROBRONZE and
®
CARODUR are distinguished due to their very good sliding
properties, high resistance to wear and tear and good heat
conductivity. The guide valves are supplied according to your
requirements, made from other materials if required and ready to
install.
®
CARO
In the field of sintered bearings we supply sleeve bearings, and filter and
mouldings in different sintered materials. We stock a range of items in the
®
CARINT quality according to ISO 2795. Parts according to other
manufacturing standards are produced based on orders.
®
CARO
®
CARO TEC
®
CARO VAK
®
CARO MAG
®
CARO SLEEVE
®
CARO LUB
VALVE GUIDES
SINTERED BEARINGS
DIE CASTING TECHNOLOGY
Patented components:
- COMPACT Die cast pistons for horizontal cold chamber machines
- Vacuum pistons
- Magnesium pistons
- Filling chambers for horizontal cold chamber machines
- Piston rods, with integrated lubrication as an option
- Quick-action coupling, optional with muffling unit
For detailed information, please ask for our separate die cast brochure.
®
CAROVAK
®
CAROTEC -KOMPAKT
®
CAROLUB
FINISHED PARTS
®
CAROSLEEVE
45

46
Please tear out or copy the questionnaire
Simply send to CARO-PROMETA Metallvertriebs GmbH senden:
by e-Mail info@caro-prometa.de or fax +49 (0) 91 29 / 40 06 33
QUESTIONNAIRE
for interpreting CARO sleeve bearings
Company: ...........................................................................................................................
Contact / dept.: ...........................................................................................................................
Phone / Fax: ...........................................................................................................................
E-mail: ...........................................................................................................................
Application:
Type of machine / equipment: ..............................................................................................................
� Drawing / sketch attached: ..............................................................................................................
Location / type / description: ..............................................................................................................
� Drawing / sketch attached: ..............................................................................................................
Dimensions: (with tolerances)
Bearing: Inner-Ø .................mm Tol. ............... Shaft-Ø .................mm Tol. .............
Outer-Ø .................mm Tol. ............... Material ......................................................
Width ..................mm Tol. ............... Surface Ra/Rt/Rz ........................by
Condition ....................................................................
(hardened for use, nitrate or chrome-plated, etc.)
Hardness ....................................................................
Casing: Design ...................................................
Material ...................................................
Dimensions ...................................................
Operating conditions:
Bearing load radial .........................N static, revolving, alternating, distending,
axial .........................N jolting
Operation speed: Turning direction:
n=........................1/min � constant � alternating � oscillating
� Piston turns � bearing turns � Running time ...........................................................s/min/h
� continuous � intermittent � Rest time ...................................s/min/h
� Lifting movement � swivel angle +/- ....... °
Lift ...............mm � Frequency ...................1/s
Temperature:
Bearing temperature .........°C Casting temperature ..........°C Ambient temperature .........°C
Environmental conditions: ...............................................................................................................
e.g. flying sand, dust, tinder, moisture, corrosive atmosphere, surface leakage
Contact for the CARO-sleeve bearing with � Lubricant ................................................
� Feed medium ..................................................................................
� Other ...........................................................................................
Further details / requirements: .............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................

NOTES
47

48
NOTES

NOTES
49

Directions Düsseldorf
Direction
Airport
A44
A73
A52
Mönchengladbach
A52
Motorway
exit
Düsseldorf
Rath
Düsseldorf
Centre
Nürnberg
Nürnberg
Heilbronn
A6
Essen
Wieland-Group
A52
Motorway interchange
Düsseldorf-Nord
Broichhofstreet
Motorway interchange
Nürnberg Süd
Wendelstein
Sperbersloher Str.
Am Schüttenhof
Motorway exit Röthenbach Sankt Wolfgang
Wendelstein Wendelstein
Motorway exit
Schwabach
Wendelstein Altorf
In der Gibitzen
A6
Tunnelröhre
chla
s g
A
A73
m Ko
A44
Am Schüttenhof 5
D - 40472 Düsseldorf
Theodorstreet eneonLescrtli
Eishockey-
DOME
DÜSSELDORF
Directions Wendelstein
Theodorstreet
hl-
Motorway exit Wendelstein;
Röthenbach bei St. Wolfgang
Wilhelm-Maisel-Str. 20a
D - 90530 Wendelstein
Ratingen
Röthenbach
b. Sankt Wolfgang
Reichenwaldallee
Sperbersloher Str.
Bauhof
Wilhelm-Maisel-Street
A9
A9
Motorway
interchange
Ratingen
Berlin
A6
Motorway interchange
Nürnberg Ost
AD
Nürnberg Feucht
München
Feucht
A3
A3
A3
Oberhausen
e-Mail: info@caro-prometa.de
Homepage: www.caro-prometa.de
Köln
CARO-PROMETA
Metallvertriebs GmbH
Am Schüttenhof 5
D-40472 Düsseldorf
Postfach 330468
D-40437 Düsseldorf
Tel: +49 (0)211 9654 0
Fax: +49 (0)211 9654 200
CARO-PROMETA
Metallvertriebs GmbH
Wilhelm-Maisel-Str. 20a
D-90530 Wendelstein
Postfach 1247
D-90524 Wendelstein
Tel: +49 (0) 9129 4006 0
Fax: +49 (0) 9129 4006 33
CARO-PROMETA
© CARO-PROMETA Metallvertriebs GmbH - 08/2008 - Faults and changes with restriction.