BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids
Return Permeability vs. Breakout Pressure.....................................................................................1-42
Completion Fluids...............................................................................................................................1-44
Definition ........................................................................................................................................1-44
Function ..........................................................................................................................................1-44
Attributes.........................................................................................................................................1-44
Mechanisms for Formation Damage ...................................................................................................1-44
Primary Factors Causing Formation Damage .................................................................................1-45
Nomenclature ..........................................................................................................................................1-47
References...............................................................................................................................................1-48
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Deformation of a Fluid by Simple Shear ........................................................................1-6
Figure 1-2
Figure 1-3
Three Dimension View of Laminar Flow in a Pipe for a Newtonian Fluid....................1-8
Two/Three Dimensional Velocity Profile of Laminar Flow in a Pipe for a
Newtonian Fluid..............................................................................................................1-8
Figure 1-4 Two Dimensional Velocity Profiles of Laminar Flow for a Non-Newtonian Fluid .......1-9
Figure 1-5
Figure 1-6
Two-Dimensional Velocity Profile of Turbulent Flow in a Pipe for a Newtonian
Fluid ................................................................................................................................1-9
Fluid Velocity is inversely Proportional to the Cross-Sectional Area of the Fluid
Conductor......................................................................................................................1-11
Figure 1-7 Flow Curve for a Newtonian Fluid ...............................................................................1-12
Figure 1-8
Flow Curve for a Bingham Plastic Fluid.......................................................................1-13
Figure 1-9 Fann Model 35A 6 Speed V-G Meter ...........................................................................1-14
Figure 1-10
Figure 1-11
Figure 1-12
Figure 1-13
Figure 1-14
Flow Curve for a Power Law Fluid...............................................................................1-16
Flow Behavior for Power Law Fluids...........................................................................1-17
Drilling Fluid vs. Newtonian, Bingham, and Power Law Fluids..................................1-17
Determination of n and K..............................................................................................1-18
Gel Strength Characteristics vs. Time...........................................................................1-22
Figure 1-15 SEM Photomicrograph X 150 – 2% PERFFLOW ® Filter Cake on AF-6 .....................1-40
Figure 1-16
SEM Photomicrograph 2% KCl PERFFLOW ® – Pore Bridging..................................1-40
Figure 1-17 SEM Photomicrograph – 17 lb/gal PERFFLOW ..........................................................1-41
Figure 1-18
SEM Photomicrograph - Sized Salt System..................................................................1-42
Figure 1-19 A Plot of Net Breakout Pressure vs. Return Permeability ............................................1-42
Figure 1-20 The Effects of PERFFLOW ® on Return Permeability and Breakout Pressure .............1-43
Figure 1-21 Effects of TBC Salt System on Return Permeability and Breakout Pressure ...............1-43
Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids
Revised 2006
Reference Manual
iii