BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Figure 1-20 and Figure 1-21 compare the results of two different systems formulated with PERFFLOW vs. those with the TBC salt system on return permeability and net breakout pressure. The PERFFLOW ® DIF (drill-in fluid) system’s bridging agent design and unique polymer chemistry form a thin filter cake protect the pay zone from damage caused by fluid invasion. The filter cake is efficiently removed by low breakout pressures, leaving no residual material to inhibit the well’s productivity. Using PERFFLOW ® Figure 1-20 The Effects of PERFFLOW ® on Return Permeability and Breakout Pressure Using the TBC Salt System Figure 1-21 Effects of TBC Salt System on Return Permeability and Breakout Pressure Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Reference Manual Revised 2006 1-43

Hydraulics Completion Fluids Definition By definition, workover or completion fluids are fluids placed across the producing zones before or immediately after perforating, or any fluid placed across the formation during reworking, underreaming, drill-in, or gravel pack operations. These fluids help ensure that production is consistent with the expected potential of the well. Function The primary functions of completion/workover fluids are to: provide pressure control by preventing formation fluids from entering the borehole maintain borehole stability minimize formation damage control fluid loss with minimal solids invasion These fluids also keep the borehole “clean” of perforation debris, solids such as drill cuttings, sand, etc., or any other contaminants by providing a transportation medium that for circulating loose material to the surface. Attributes A completion/workover fluid must possess the following attributes: • enough density to control subsurface pressures • enable efficient solids removal during circulation through filtration systems • stable, nontoxic, low corrosivity, and bacterial growth retardant • non-reactive to other soluble salts, minerals, cement, etc. • retain desirable properties such as viscosity and other physical properties under prolonged exposure to high shear • readily degas Mechanisms for Formation Damage For a well to be profitable, the reduction of virgin permeability should be minimized. Permeability can be reduced by the invasion of foreign liquids and/or solids into the near well bore region. This hampered permeability or damaged zone is known as a skin effect. A critical function of completion fluids is to contain formation pressures. To accomplish this, hydrostatic pressure must be higher or equal to the pressure of the formation. Consequently, if the hydrostatic pressure is higher, the fluid would allow a certain amount of solids and liquids to be lost to the formation. Reference Manual Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 1-44 Revised 2006

Baker Hughes <strong>Drilling</strong> <strong>Fluids</strong><br />

Figure 1-20 and Figure 1-21 compare the results of two different systems formulated with<br />

PERFFLOW vs. those with the TBC salt system on return permeability and net breakout pressure.<br />

The PERFFLOW ® DIF (drill-in fluid) system’s bridging agent design and unique polymer chemistry<br />

form a thin filter cake protect the pay zone from damage caused by fluid invasion. The filter cake is<br />

efficiently removed by low breakout pressures, leaving no residual material to inhibit the well’s<br />

productivity.<br />

Using PERFFLOW ®<br />

Figure 1-20<br />

The Effects of PERFFLOW ® on Return Permeability and Breakout Pressure<br />

Using the TBC Salt System<br />

Figure 1-21<br />

Effects of TBC Salt System on Return Permeability and Breakout Pressure<br />

Baker Hughes <strong>Drilling</strong> <strong>Fluids</strong><br />

<strong>Reference</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

Revised 2006 1-43

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