BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS
System Benefits.........................................................................................................................6-36
System Components ................................................................................................................6-37
Typical Fluid Formulation and Properties..............................................................................6-38
CARBO-CORE ..............................................................................................................................6-39
Native State Drilling and Coring Fluids ..................................................................................6-39
Components...............................................................................................................................6-39
COMPLETION FLUIDS ..........................................................................................................................6-41
Introduction to Clear Brines .........................................................................................................6-41
Effects of Temperature and Pressure ........................................................................................6-42
Calculations for Density Adjustments.....................................................................................6-43
Salt Solubility vs. Freeze Depression.....................................................................................6-48
Compatibility of Various Additives with Different Salt Types..................................................6-49
Salt Tables......................................................................................................................................6-49
WORKOVER FLUIDS ............................................................................................................................6-74
Heavy Brines..................................................................................................................................6-75
Workover Products....................................................................................................................6-79
Other Workover Fluids..............................................................................................................6-80
WELLBORE DISPLACEMENT AND CLEAN-UP PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES .................................6-80
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................6-80
Displacement Objectives..............................................................................................................6-81
Indirect versus Direct Displacement...........................................................................................6-84
Design of Displacement Pills.......................................................................................................6-92
Well Cleanliness Determination ..................................................................................................6-94
End of Well Reporting and Performance Measures ................................................................6-96
DISPLEX SM Displacement Software...........................................................................................6-97
Pickling of Tubulars.......................................................................................................................6-98
PACKER FLUIDS.................................................................................................................................6-101
Requirements of a Good Packer Fluid.....................................................................................6-101
Types of Packer Fluids...............................................................................................................6-101
Clear Brines..............................................................................................................................6-101
Conditioned Drilling Fluids .....................................................................................................6-102
SALTWATER GEL Packer Fluids.........................................................................................6-103
GEL-CMC Freshwater Packer Fluids...................................................................................6-103
Conversion of CARBO-DRILL Fluids to a Packer Fluid ....................................................6-104
SOFTWARE FOR COMPLETIONS AND WORKOVERS.........................................................................6-104
Bridgewise....................................................................................................................................6-105
Clear Brine ESD Calculator (Equivalent Static Density) .......................................................6-106
DISPLEX.......................................................................................................................................6-109
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................................6-114
List of Figures
FIGURE 6 - 1 ROCK CYCLE ................................................................................................................6-3
FIGURE 6 - 2 SEDIMENTARY ROCK NOMENCLATURE.......................................................................6-4
FIGURE 6 - 3 GRAIN PACKING AND POROSITY..................................................................................6-5
FIGURE 6 - 4 NORMAL CRUDE OIL ....................................................................................................6-6
FIGURE 6 - 5 OIL RESERVOIR WITH GAS CAP ..................................................................................6-7
FIGURE 6 - 6 VOLATILE CRUDE OIL...................................................................................................6-7
FIGURE 6 - 7 GAS CONDENSATES.....................................................................................................6-8
FIGURE 6 - 8 MARINE SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS .........................................6-12
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
REVISION 2006
REFERENCE MANUAL
6-ii