Integrated Cross-Sectorial Plan of Tirana-Durres Area
The Albanian Government and the National Spatial Plan have identified the Tiranë-Durrës area, as one of the most important economic areas of the country, and of the Balkan region. To ensure a sustainable territorial and urban development of this area, the Ministry of Urban Development in cooperation with the National Territorial Planning Agency has taken the initiative to draft a Cross-sectoral Integrated Plan for the economic area Tiranë – Durrës. The metropolitan region under study includes territories administered by 5 municipalities: Tiranë, Durrës, Vorë, Shijak, Kamëz. The Albanian Government and the National Spatial Plan have identified the Tiranë-Durrës area, as one of the most important economic areas of the country, and of the Balkan region. To ensure a sustainable territorial and urban development of this area, the Ministry of Urban Development in cooperation with the National Territorial Planning Agency has taken the initiative to draft a Cross-sectoral Integrated Plan for the economic area Tiranë – Durrës. The metropolitan region under study includes territories administered by 5 municipalities: Tiranë, Durrës, Vorë, Shijak, Kamëz.
e strengthened through the integration of various modes of public transport, based on rail-travel, supported by bus lines with multimodal stations. To achieve this goal, the municipalities of the region should promote: • The development of compact and efficient urban centres served with public transport systems, with high connection capacities between urban poles and entry gateways, supported by parking areas to cope with extra-urban flows. • The integration of all systems and services in the transport network. Support with public transport the tourist, employment, education and services areas. • The improvement of opportunities and diversification of choice in mobility, to reduce travels in private vehicles for employment purposes. • The promotion of high densities in public transport nodes in urban centres. • The protection / preservation of areas to be reserved for the development of public transport corridors in the future: - the municipalities should take measures to identify the footprints of future axes and forbid urban expansion on these territories; - establish buffer zones and provide the underground infrastructure in advance to the main nodes of flow exchange, in order to precede the development of networks. • The planning and definition in the general local planning documents of increased densities in housing and services in the territories surrounding the strategic nodes of the mobility hubs, to enable the controlled development of these areas in the future. Multi-modal nodes should be planned and mapped, from each municipality in cooperation with line ministries, close to the main axes in interconnection with high density populated areas, equipped with infrastructure beforehand. In these proposed areas development and unplanned construction should be strictly prohibited, in order not to increase potential expropriation costs in the future. The general local plans should determine these nodes in advance as high density areas, where development shall be permitted only after their construction (transport infrastructure) has been completed. It is recommended that in the territories around these poles, GLPs present land management instruments, such as conditional development. The interconnection of these areas with the interurban public transport networks emerges as an obligation of the general local plans for each municipality. Railway mobility Railway mobility should be developed in relation to the mobility of individual vehicles for interurban trips, taking into account the following several conditions: • Multi-modal stations should be placed in the primary access axes of urban centres, becoming accessible to all social strata, and to achieve a full flow management. Each urban / rural centre should create the multimodal mobility poles, based on the combination of strategic axes of regional mobility, urbanized, tourist areas, economic development technological areas and recreation areas. • The hierarchy of multimodal stations should respond to the hierarchy and functions of urban centres: metropolis, primary centres, secondary centres, tertiary centres and local centres. • The railway stations should provide opportunities for the exchange of transport modes, such as parking for individual vehicles, taxis, rental cars, bicycles etc. • The development of physical infrastructure should ensure rapid movement, restrictive spaces such as physical barriers and acoustic barriers. It is suggested to build green belts along these axes, and it is also recommended to 230
avoid the legalization process for structures and buildings located within the railway mobility operation range. • Railway mobility should enable the exchange of travel routes both for freight and passengers. It is recommended that the development of freight transport lines should be phased in time, initially by preserving and protecting with buffer zones the territories where these lines can develop and then establishing links with the port areas as well as with the economic areas. Development of secondary and local road axes in rural areas The development of new secondary road axes in rural areas should be in line with the needs of the community, tourism and land use set out in the general local plans. The reinforcement and development of the breadth of their sections should be in line with the sectorial laws in force, ensuring an effective connection for communities, tourist structures and use to the benefit of agriculture. Construction of axes, which only serve to private investments, should be carried out by the developers themselves, guaranteeing the necessary conditions in order not to prejudice the use of agricultural land as well as of the protected land and water areas. Local road axes serving to agriculture should be developed in the form of rings, in order to guarantee the easy circulation of agricultural vehicles. They should be based on the sectorial legislation in force, and should provide opportunities for connection to agricultural pole areas and local and regional waste composting spots. RT10- Infrastructure, energy and telecommunication The development of water supply and sewerage, energy and telecommunications infrastructure should be oriented towards an integrated development of utilities, coordination of civil works and co-use, with an environmental-friendly development approach, based on the sectorial strategy and the “Dig once” principle, to minimize costs. Underground infrastructure should cover the needs of communities, based on population projections and tourism flows. Defining and protecting groundwater that will serve as future potential for the supply of urban areas should be a priority of regional municipalities to protect and maintain the damages and impacts that urban development can bring. The underground infrastructure system should be based on strategic investments, on the hierarchy of centres, on their new developments, on all typologies and regional poles defined as a priority. Coverage with these types of services should precede urban development, giving priority to densification and concentration of investments, as well as to reduction of maintenance costs. Urban developments in low-density ruralnatural areas, such as residential buildings unconnected to urban centres, should be supported to create joint areas of water supply and sewerages by alternative methods, not connected to the network, such as certified water wells and sewerage system with certified / ecological and periodically controlled septic tanks. Information communication technology / ICT • The telecommunication network services should support economic areas and urban centres with fast internet access to develop e-economy opportunities. Urban centres should be covered with fast telecommunication connection infrastructure, while the integration of networks into common infrastructural corridors should be coordinated among 231
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avoid the legalization process for structures<br />
and buildings located within the railway<br />
mobility operation range.<br />
• Railway mobility should enable the<br />
exchange <strong>of</strong> travel routes both for freight<br />
and passengers.<br />
It is recommended that the development <strong>of</strong><br />
freight transport lines should be phased in<br />
time, initially by preserving and protecting<br />
with buffer zones the territories where these<br />
lines can develop and then establishing<br />
links with the port areas as well as with the<br />
economic areas.<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> secondary and local<br />
road axes in rural areas<br />
The development <strong>of</strong> new secondary road<br />
axes in rural areas should be in line with the<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> the community, tourism and land<br />
use set out in the general local plans.<br />
The reinforcement and development <strong>of</strong> the<br />
breadth <strong>of</strong> their sections should be in line<br />
with the sectorial laws in force, ensuring<br />
an effective connection for communities,<br />
tourist structures and use to the benefit <strong>of</strong><br />
agriculture.<br />
Construction <strong>of</strong> axes, which only serve to<br />
private investments, should be carried out<br />
by the developers themselves, guaranteeing<br />
the necessary conditions in order not to<br />
prejudice the use <strong>of</strong> agricultural land as well<br />
as <strong>of</strong> the protected land and water areas.<br />
Local road axes serving to agriculture<br />
should be developed in the form <strong>of</strong> rings, in<br />
order to guarantee the easy circulation <strong>of</strong><br />
agricultural vehicles. They should be based<br />
on the sectorial legislation in force, and<br />
should provide opportunities for connection<br />
to agricultural pole areas and local and<br />
regional waste composting spots.<br />
RT10- Infrastructure, energy and<br />
telecommunication<br />
The development <strong>of</strong> water supply and<br />
sewerage, energy and telecommunications<br />
infrastructure should be oriented towards<br />
an integrated development <strong>of</strong> utilities,<br />
coordination <strong>of</strong> civil works and co-use, with<br />
an environmental-friendly development<br />
approach, based on the sectorial strategy<br />
and the “Dig once” principle, to minimize<br />
costs.<br />
Underground infrastructure should cover the<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> communities, based on population<br />
projections and tourism flows.<br />
Defining and protecting groundwater<br />
that will serve as future potential for the<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> urban areas should be a priority<br />
<strong>of</strong> regional municipalities to protect and<br />
maintain the damages and impacts that<br />
urban development can bring.<br />
The underground infrastructure system<br />
should be based on strategic investments,<br />
on the hierarchy <strong>of</strong> centres, on their<br />
new developments, on all typologies<br />
and regional poles defined as a priority.<br />
Coverage with these types <strong>of</strong> services<br />
should precede urban development, giving<br />
priority to densification and concentration<br />
<strong>of</strong> investments, as well as to reduction <strong>of</strong><br />
maintenance costs.<br />
Urban developments in low-density ruralnatural<br />
areas, such as residential buildings<br />
unconnected to urban centres, should be<br />
supported to create joint areas <strong>of</strong> water<br />
supply and sewerages by alternative<br />
methods, not connected to the network,<br />
such as certified water wells and sewerage<br />
system with certified / ecological and<br />
periodically controlled septic tanks.<br />
Information communication<br />
technology / ICT<br />
• The telecommunication network services<br />
should support economic areas and<br />
urban centres with fast internet access<br />
to develop e-economy opportunities.<br />
Urban centres should be covered with<br />
fast telecommunication connection<br />
infrastructure, while the integration <strong>of</strong><br />
networks into common infrastructural<br />
corridors should be coordinated among<br />
231