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IES Alfredo Kraus<br />
WOMEN<br />
AND HISTORY<br />
Geografía e Historia<br />
1º ESO E<br />
2º ESO BC<br />
2º ESO E
Baddo<br />
I was born in the 6 th century<br />
I died in the 6 th century<br />
My name is Baddo, I was not born in a noble family.<br />
I met king Recadero <strong>and</strong> we became lovers, then we had<br />
a son called Liuva, the future king Liuva II.<br />
While I was with Recaredo he tried to marry a French<br />
princess.<br />
In any case, what made me famous was that I was in the<br />
3rd Council of Toledo in 589 <strong>and</strong> I was the only queen<br />
there. Recaredo <strong>and</strong> me converted to Catholicism.<br />
Afterwards the whole of Spain Visigoth was converted to<br />
Catholicism. Following that I disappeared from history.<br />
Aarón Bouyafsakh Garrobo 2º ESO BC
Agrippina the Elder<br />
I was born in 14 BC<br />
I died in 33 AD<br />
I’m Agrippina, <strong>and</strong> I want to be seen as a woman, as a<br />
beloved wife, as a mother, <strong>and</strong> as a general in the Roman<br />
army. Everything I've done in my life is good!<br />
My full name is Vipsania Agrippina, although I am known as<br />
Agrippina the Elder, <strong>and</strong> I am Roman royalty. My<br />
gr<strong>and</strong>father, Augustus was an emperor <strong>and</strong> my mother,<br />
Julia, was his only biological child. My father is Agrippa <strong>and</strong><br />
I have two elder brothers: Gaius <strong>and</strong> Lucius.<br />
After my father’s death, my mother married Tiberius<br />
(Augustus’ stepson) <strong>and</strong> my brothers <strong>and</strong> I were raised by<br />
our gr<strong>and</strong>mother, (the empress of Rome), Livia.<br />
I grew up at the absolute centre of power, wealth <strong>and</strong><br />
privilege in the Roman empire. Unlike most of the other<br />
people who lived there, I had Julian blood in my veins, as I<br />
was a biological descendant of the semi-divine Augustus <strong>and</strong><br />
the divine Julius Cesar, so I knew that after the death of my<br />
brothers my h<strong>and</strong> in marriage would be the key to becoming<br />
an emperor. I would be the next Livia!<br />
I was married to my second cousin Germanicus, the heir of<br />
the Roman Empire. I followed him to Germany, where I<br />
showed my strong character. When I was heavily pregnant,<br />
I prevented the destruction of the Rhine bridge to allow the<br />
retreat of the Roman legions from the other side of the<br />
Rhine. I was a General of Rome!<br />
Piso, a Roman senator, <strong>and</strong> his wife killed Germanicus<br />
because Tiberius ordered them to. They feared the<br />
popularity of Germanicus. Finally, I <strong>and</strong> all my children,<br />
except for Caligula, died horribly in exile after years of<br />
suffering. But my youngest son, Caligula, became the next<br />
emperor of Rome!<br />
Alicia Pereda Bordejé<br />
1º ESO E
Urraca I<br />
I was born in 1079<br />
I died in 1126<br />
I was the eldest <strong>and</strong> only surviving child of Alonso VI of León<br />
with his second wife Constance of Burgundy, this made me<br />
heiress of the Kingdoms of Castile <strong>and</strong> León until 1107, when<br />
my father recognized his illegitimate son Sancho as his heir.<br />
My place in the line of succession made me the focus of<br />
dynastic politics, <strong>and</strong> I became a child bride at age eight (1087)<br />
to Raymond of Burgundy, a mercenary adventurer. My<br />
marriage to Raymond was part of Alfonso VI's diplomatic<br />
strategy to attract cross-Pyrenees alliances. Author Bernard F.<br />
Reilly suggests that, rather than a betrothal, when I was 8 years<br />
old I was fully wedded to Raymond of Burgundy as he almost<br />
immediately appears in protocol documents as Alfonso VI's<br />
son-in-law, a distinction that would not have been made<br />
without the marriage. Reilly doubts that the marriage was<br />
consummated until I was 13, as I was placed under the<br />
protective guardianship of a trusted magnate. My pregnancy<br />
<strong>and</strong> stillbirth pregnancy at age 14 suggest that the marriage<br />
was indeed consummated when I was 13 or 14 years old.<br />
In addition to this stillborn child, I gave birth to two more<br />
children by Raymond: a daughter, Sancha Raimúndez (born<br />
after 11 November 1095 <strong>and</strong> before 1102) And a son, Alfonso<br />
Raimúndez, who would become Alfonso VII (born 1 March<br />
1105). Raymond died in 1107, leaving me alone with two small<br />
children to take care of.<br />
I married Alfonso VI after the death of Raymond. In 1110 I<br />
accused him of physical abuse. In addition to his physical abuse<br />
we had a falling-out over his execution of one of the rebels who<br />
had surrendered to me, the queen, I was inclined to be merciful.<br />
Additionally, as I was married to someone many in the kingdom<br />
objected to, my son <strong>and</strong> heir became a rallying point for<br />
opponents to the marriage.<br />
Finally, as queen, I rose to the challenges presented to me <strong>and</strong><br />
my solutions were pragmatic ones according to Reilly. I laid the<br />
foundation for the reign of my son Alfonso VII, who, in spite of the<br />
opposition of my lover Pedro González de Lara, succeeded to the<br />
throne of a kingdom whole <strong>and</strong> at peace at my death in 1126.<br />
Ainhoa Rodríguez Alburquerque<br />
2º ESO BC
Olympias of Epirus<br />
I was born in 375 b.c.e.<br />
I died in 315 b.c.e.<br />
I’m Olympias, also known as Polyxenia, Myrtale <strong>and</strong> Stratonice.<br />
My birth name was Myrtale, <strong>and</strong> I was the daughter of<br />
Neoptololemus, the late king of Epirus, a place located to the<br />
southwest of Macedonia.<br />
Everybody knew me as an ambitious <strong>and</strong> violent ruler, but was<br />
just a survivor, in a time when to be a ruler meant to kill or to<br />
be killed. I was a woman, a daughter, a wife, <strong>and</strong> a ruler, but<br />
the most important fact in my life was that I was the mother of<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>er the Great.<br />
My son learnt the art of warfare from his father, Phillip II of<br />
Macedonia, but I was the most influential person in his life.<br />
From me he not only inherited my love of learning, but also a<br />
fiery nature, a strong character, <strong>and</strong> a thirst for blood. I was the<br />
driving force behind Alex<strong>and</strong>er’s rise to the throne of<br />
Macedonia.<br />
I ordered the killing of Phillip II, the killing of his new wife,<br />
Cleopatra-Eurydice, the killing of her son, <strong>and</strong> the killing<br />
hundreds of Macedonians who were loyal to Cass<strong>and</strong>er, my<br />
rival. I’m not a naïve woman.<br />
At the end, when my son Alex<strong>and</strong>er died far away from Hellas,<br />
I could not succeed. Alex<strong>and</strong>er´s wife, Roxanne, his son<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>er IV, <strong>and</strong> I were killed by order of Cass<strong>and</strong>er.<br />
Andrés Pereda Bordejé<br />
1º ESO E
Leonor Lopez de Córdoba<br />
I was born in 1336<br />
I died in 1430<br />
I was born in 1336 in Calatayud (Zaragoza) .My father was a servant of<br />
the king Pedro I of Castile <strong>and</strong> my mother was niece of Alfonso XI of<br />
Castile. Me <strong>and</strong> my family were members of the upper class.<br />
I married Ruy Gutiérrez of Hinestrosa (son of Juán Fernández of<br />
Hinestrosa) at the young age of seven in order to join the power of both<br />
our families. My family, was now a very privileged one until Enrique II of<br />
Castile began reigning. This new king killed some members of my family.<br />
I <strong>and</strong> my husb<strong>and</strong> were put in prison from 1371 to 1379, our personal<br />
things were also taken from us.<br />
After I was released, the king returned my personal things. My family<br />
was considered ungrateful <strong>and</strong> we suffered constant humiliation,<br />
therefore I moved to Córdoba.<br />
In Córdoba, I helped Catalina of Lancáster reign until her son was 18<br />
years old. When Juan II of Castile (son of Catalina de Lancáster) began<br />
to reign, he valued my opinion more than the others. Because of this, I<br />
got a great fortune again.<br />
After some good years, Inés of Torres came to the court <strong>and</strong> removed<br />
Juan II the throne from. Because of this, I was banished from the court.<br />
I finally died in July of 1430.<br />
Ángel González Arinero<br />
2º ESO E
Urraca the Asturian<br />
I was born in 1133<br />
I died in 1179<br />
I was born in Pelúgano (Asturias). I was an illegitimate<br />
child, as my father, King Alfonso VII of León, had an affair<br />
with my mother, Gontrodo, whilst the king was still<br />
married to Berengaria of Barcelona.<br />
My maternal gr<strong>and</strong>parents were members of the highest<br />
ranks of the Asturian nobility, as my maternal<br />
gr<strong>and</strong>father, Pedro Díaz de Valle, was a descendant of<br />
several counts, <strong>and</strong> my mother, María Ordóñez, was a<br />
direct descendant of Prince Ordoño Ramírez.<br />
My mother joined a convent a year after I was born, <strong>and</strong><br />
I was raised in the court by my paternal aunt, Princess<br />
Sancha Raimúndez.<br />
My first marriage was in León on the 24 th of June in 1144<br />
to King García Ramírez of Navarre. When my husb<strong>and</strong><br />
died, I married Álvaro Rodríguez de Castro.<br />
My second husb<strong>and</strong> rebelled against his half-brother,<br />
King Fern<strong>and</strong>o II, <strong>and</strong> tried to make Asturias an<br />
independent kingdom. He did not succeeded.<br />
Carla Robles Caballero<br />
2º ESO BC
Diotima of Mantinea<br />
I was born in 5 th century BCE<br />
I died in 5 th century BCE<br />
My name Is Diotima, that means “Zeus Honor”. I was from<br />
Matinea, a Peloponnesian city (Greece) that was an ally of<br />
Sparta in the Peloponnesian Wars.<br />
I was a philosopher, a priestess, <strong>and</strong> also I was the teacher of<br />
Socrates. I had a very important role in Plato’s philosophical<br />
text Symposium, as my ideas are the origin of the concept of<br />
Platonic love.<br />
My knowledge had origins in ancient wisdom based on the<br />
observation of the nature. I mixed religious activities with<br />
teaching <strong>and</strong> medicine.<br />
My main hypothesis of love was about the desire for eternity. I<br />
said that the body stayed on Earth after death, but the spirit<br />
went to the heaven. I believed in two kinds of love: the physical<br />
<strong>and</strong> the spiritual.<br />
Daniel Chazarra Moreno<br />
1º ESO E
Dido<br />
I was born in the 9 th century BC<br />
I died in the 9 th century BC<br />
In Greece <strong>and</strong> Rome, they know me as the founder <strong>and</strong> first<br />
Queen of Carthage, which is now known as Tunisia. I am<br />
famous because I am included in the famous Virgil’s story,<br />
Aeneid, where my love with Eneas <strong>and</strong> my death are narrated.<br />
I am the daughter of the King of Tire, Matan I. I have two<br />
brothers. One of them, Pygmalion inherited my father’s throne.<br />
My brother Pygmalion coveted treasures that Siqueo, priest of<br />
the Temple of Melkart in Tire had. He forced me to marry him<br />
<strong>and</strong> never to reveal the hidden interest of this marriage. I<br />
learned where the treasures were, but never told my brother<br />
the truth, I told him that they were under the altar when in fact<br />
they were in the garden of the temple. That same night Siqueo<br />
was found dead at the h<strong>and</strong>s of thugs sent by my brother, who<br />
were digging under the altar. I rushed to dig up the treasure in<br />
the garden with my sister Ana <strong>and</strong> a group of maids who were<br />
Siqueo’s friends.<br />
I arrived at the coast of Africa where they lived a tribe of Libyan<br />
whose king was Jarbas. I asked hospitality <strong>and</strong> a piece of l<strong>and</strong><br />
to settle down with my entourage. Jarbas offered me as much<br />
l<strong>and</strong> as I could cover with an ox skin. So I cut the skin into thin<br />
strips <strong>and</strong> covers an extensive perimeter building a fortress<br />
that became known as Birsa, which later became Carthage<br />
(Phoenician meant "New City"). He instituted as sovereign of<br />
Carthage was when I received the name of Dido.<br />
With his devastated homel<strong>and</strong>, the Trojans reach Carthage<br />
diverted from its course because of a storm <strong>and</strong> guided by their<br />
leader Aeneas who asked for hospitality. Venus, mother of<br />
Aeneas, wanted her son to reign next to me <strong>and</strong> sent Cupid to<br />
make us fall in love with each other.<br />
Although I swore to stay true to my late husb<strong>and</strong> Siqueo, soon<br />
fell in love with Aeneas.<br />
However, comm<strong>and</strong>ed by Jupiter, Aeneas had to follow his true<br />
path to Italy <strong>and</strong> part of Carthage. Despite the pain, I try to<br />
forget him, but the grief is so great that I decide to kill myself<br />
digging a dagger in my chest <strong>and</strong> cursing the ab<strong>and</strong>onment of<br />
Eneas.<br />
Javier Blanco Calzado<br />
1º ESO E
I was born in 1364<br />
I died in 1430<br />
Christine de Pizan<br />
I was a philosopher, a poet <strong>and</strong> a the first professional writer in<br />
history. My best known work is the City of the Ladies.<br />
I was the daughter of Thomas de Pizan, a physic <strong>and</strong> astrologer.<br />
My father accepted an appointment to the court of King Charles<br />
V of France as the real astrologer, alchemist <strong>and</strong> physicist.<br />
I was successfully educated in a self-taught way.<br />
I married with Étienne du Castel when I was 15 years old, I<br />
decided to keep my family as a professional writer; My<br />
popularity increased <strong>and</strong> I was soon supported by many<br />
medieval nobles, including the Dukes of Burgundy.<br />
Diego Vaquero Fernández<br />
2º ESO E
Eleanor of Aquitaine<br />
I was born in 1122<br />
I died in 1204<br />
I was the queen consort of France <strong>and</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
Duchess of Aquitaine in my own right. As I was a member<br />
of the Ramnulfids rulers in southwestern France, I was<br />
one of the most powerful <strong>and</strong> wealthiest women in<br />
western Europe during the High Middle Ages. I was patron<br />
of literary figures such as Wace, Benoit de Sainte-Maure,<br />
<strong>and</strong> Bernart de Ventadorn.<br />
As Duchess of Aquitaine, I was the most eligible bride in<br />
Europe. Three months after becoming duchess upon the<br />
death of my father, William X, I married king Louis VI. As<br />
queen of France, I participated in the unsuccessful Second<br />
Crusade.<br />
Soon afterwards, I sought an annulment of my marriage,<br />
but my request was rejected by Pope Eugene III. However,<br />
after the birth of my second daughter Alix, my husb<strong>and</strong><br />
agreed to an annulment, since in fifteen years of marriage<br />
I didn’t produce a son. My daughters were declared<br />
legitimate <strong>and</strong> custody was awarded to Louis, while the<br />
l<strong>and</strong>s were restored to me. As soon as the annulment was<br />
granted, I married the Duke of Norm<strong>and</strong>y in 1152, eight<br />
weeks after the annulment of my first marriage. Over the<br />
next thirteen years, I bore Henry eight children: five sons,<br />
three of whom became kings, <strong>and</strong> three daughters.<br />
However, my new husb<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> me eventually became<br />
estranged. Henry imprisoned me in 1173 for supporting<br />
our son also named Henry´s revolt against him. I wasn’t<br />
released until the 6th of July 1189, when Henry died <strong>and</strong><br />
our second son, Richard the Lionheart, ascended the<br />
throne.<br />
As Queen, I acted as regent while Richard went on the<br />
Third Crusade; on his return Richard was captured <strong>and</strong><br />
held prisoner. I lived well into the reign of my youngest<br />
son, John. I outlived all my children except for John <strong>and</strong><br />
Eleanor.<br />
Elena Pérez Iglesias<br />
2º ESO BC
Hélöise<br />
I was born in 1101<br />
I died in 1164<br />
Hello, I am Heloise <strong>and</strong> I am going to write my autobiography.<br />
I was born in France, <strong>and</strong> I lived during the reigns of the English<br />
kings Henry I, Stephen I <strong>and</strong> Henry II. I was the niece of Abbot<br />
Fulbert, the Canon of Notre Dame. I was a philosopher,<br />
Medieval scholar, Prioress at the Convent of Saint Mary in<br />
Argenteuil <strong>and</strong> Abbess of Paraclete.<br />
I was educated at the Convent of Saint Mary in Argenteuil, <strong>and</strong><br />
I studied philosophy, theology, <strong>and</strong> literature in Paris. The<br />
Abbot Fulbert arranged for me to continue my studies with<br />
Peter Abelard, who had been given board at the home of Abbot<br />
Fulbert <strong>and</strong> was a brilliant scholar <strong>and</strong> teacher at the<br />
University of Paris.<br />
I secretly married Peter Abelard <strong>and</strong> we had a son. My uncle<br />
took revenge, <strong>and</strong> Peter Abelard was attacked <strong>and</strong> castrated.<br />
Then, became a monk <strong>and</strong> I became a nun.<br />
Peter Abelard <strong>and</strong> I became famous after our sad story was<br />
sung by minstrels <strong>and</strong> troubadours of the Middle Ages.<br />
David García Matilla<br />
2º ESO E
Hatshepsut<br />
I was born in 1507 BCE<br />
I died in 1458 BCE<br />
My name means ``foremost of noble women´´. I am the<br />
fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, the<br />
older of two daughters born to Thutmose I <strong>and</strong> his<br />
queen, Ahmes. I am the second historically confirmed<br />
female pharaoh <strong>and</strong> the first to attain the full power of<br />
the position. Cleopatra, who also exercised such power,<br />
would rule some 14 centuries later than me.<br />
I came to the throne of Egypt in 1478 BCE. I became<br />
queen of Egypt when I married my half- brother,<br />
Thutmose II, around the age of 12. Me <strong>and</strong> Thutmose II<br />
had a daughter named Neferure, but after having our<br />
daughter, I could not birth anymore children. When<br />
Thutmose II died, I began acting as regent for my<br />
stepson, the infant Thutmose III. I extended Egyptian<br />
trade <strong>and</strong> oversaw ambitious building projects.<br />
I am generally regarded by Egyptologists as one of the<br />
most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other<br />
woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty. According to<br />
Egyptologist James Henry Breasted I am also known as<br />
"the first great woman in history of who we are<br />
informed.".<br />
María Fern<strong>and</strong>a Rodríguez Ríos<br />
1º ESO E
Lady Godiva<br />
I was born in 990<br />
I died in 1057<br />
I am a character from a Middle Ages English myth. My<br />
name means "Gift of God".<br />
I was married to Leofric, Earl of Mercia, who was a greedy<br />
man.<br />
According to the typical version of the story,[20][21]<br />
Lady Godiva took pity on the people of Coventry, who<br />
were suffering grievously under her husb<strong>and</strong>'s<br />
oppressive taxation. Lady Godiva appealed again <strong>and</strong><br />
again to her husb<strong>and</strong>. At last, weary of her entreaties, he<br />
said he would grant her request if she would strip naked<br />
<strong>and</strong> ride on a horse through the streets of the town.<br />
I asked everyone to stay at home with their blinds down<br />
while I was doing it, <strong>and</strong> everybody did. Except for a man,<br />
who was looking through the window <strong>and</strong> ended up<br />
being blind.<br />
Laura Martil Fombellida<br />
2º ESO BC
Goswintha<br />
I was born in 525<br />
I died in 589<br />
During the second half of the sixth century, four different<br />
Visigoth kings ruled the Iberian Peninsula.<br />
I was born between the years 525 <strong>and</strong> 530. By the year<br />
545 I had married Atanagildo, who belonged to a<br />
illustrious family of the kingdom. After my wedding, my<br />
husb<strong>and</strong> outlined himself as a possible successor to the<br />
late King Teudisclo, but Liuva was chosen as the new<br />
king. I was not happy so Atanagildo dethroned him with<br />
the help of the Byzantine emperor Justinian. I had two<br />
daughters with Atanagildo: Brunegilda, first queen of<br />
France <strong>and</strong> Galswinta.<br />
After the death of Atanagildo in 567, Liuva rose to power<br />
for four years. This Visigothic king linked to power his<br />
brother Leovigildo, who would reign alone from 582 after<br />
the death of Liuva. During that period, I married<br />
Leovigildo, the actual king.<br />
In 586 King Leovigildo died <strong>and</strong> our son Recaredo<br />
ascended the throne. Some years later, after he<br />
converted to Catholicism, I tried to kill him but I couldn’t<br />
<strong>and</strong> I committed suicide.<br />
Samuel Jiménez Hernández<br />
2º ESO BC
Helvia<br />
I was born in the 1 st century<br />
I died in the 1 st century<br />
I am a woman born in Urgayo (Jaén). I belong to the<br />
Helvia family.<br />
I married a man older than me as was the custom of the<br />
time. After getting married I moved to Cordoba where<br />
my three children were born. One of my children is the<br />
famous philosopher Seneca.<br />
I am a woman interested in philosophy, I have been a<br />
great support in the formation of my children. In this<br />
time woman have more access to culture than they will<br />
in later times. However, because of my husb<strong>and</strong> I<br />
withdrew from my philosophy studies <strong>and</strong> I dedicated<br />
myself to the care of my family.<br />
We only have information about me through a work of my<br />
son Seneca “Consolation to Helvia”, where he writes that<br />
he is grateful for her role as a mother <strong>and</strong> her<br />
management of the family economy. He recommends that<br />
people follow my example. In less than a year I was<br />
widowed, my son died, <strong>and</strong> Seneca was banished to<br />
Rome.<br />
Gonzalo Pérez Collar 1º ESO E
I was born in 392 AD<br />
I died in 450 AD<br />
Galla Placidia<br />
I was born in Constantinople <strong>and</strong> I was the fruit of the second<br />
marriage of Emperor Theodosius I <strong>and</strong> Galla, my mother.<br />
The maneuvers of my mother who favoured us, their children,<br />
soon aroused jealousy in court, especially among the<br />
supporters of Arcadius, who was the eldest son of emperor<br />
Theodosius. After Theososius defeated the usurper Eugenius,<br />
Arcadius simply detested me, a situation that caused my<br />
withdrawal from Constantinople. When Theodosius died in<br />
395, I remained with Serena, the wife of Stilicho the V<strong>and</strong>al,<br />
who was magister militum of the Western Roman Empire. She<br />
took care of my education while I lived in the palaces of Rome<br />
<strong>and</strong> Milan.<br />
Stilicho <strong>and</strong> Serena had a clear interest in linking their children<br />
with the imperial family, <strong>and</strong> so they arranged the wedding of<br />
Honorius, the second child of Theodosius, with his daughter<br />
Maria in 398. Also, in anticipation of Honorius dying soon<br />
without leaving an heir, around the year 400 I was engaged<br />
with his son Eucherius. He was later paired with Theodosius’<br />
niece Serena, <strong>and</strong> I bore the noble title of birth that allowed<br />
me to transmit imperial dignity, to which was added the<br />
qualification of Augusta.<br />
When I was twenty years old I was imprisoned by the Visigoths<br />
of Alaric, who at that moment threatened the city of Rome. I<br />
accompanied the retinue of Alaric when he went to Southern<br />
Italy with the intention of embarking to North Africa, a plan he<br />
made before his death. The successor of Alaric, his brother- inlaw<br />
Ataulph, moved his army to Gaul taking me with him.<br />
I married Ataulph in Narbonne in January 414, <strong>and</strong> after he<br />
was killed in 415, I returned to Rome <strong>and</strong> married Constantius<br />
III, who was co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire with<br />
my half-brother Honorius.<br />
I am famous for having adorned Ravenna with many churches,<br />
specially the small chapel usually known as my mausoleum, that<br />
contains some of the finest examples of early Byzantine<br />
mosaics.<br />
Inés Martín Martínez<br />
1º ESO E
Inés de Castro<br />
I was born in 1320<br />
I died in 1355<br />
My name is Inés de Castro, I am famous because of my family.<br />
I am a Galician noblewoman, known as lover <strong>and</strong><br />
posthumously-recognized wife of King Peter I of Portugal.<br />
The dramatic circumstances of my relationship with Peter I,<br />
which was forbidden by my father King Afonso IV, my murder<br />
at the orders of Afonso, Peter's bloody revenge on her killers,<br />
<strong>and</strong> the legend of the coronation of my exhumed corpse by<br />
Peter, have made me a frequent subject of art, music, <strong>and</strong><br />
drama through the ages.<br />
I went to Portugal in 1340 as a maid of Constance of Castile,<br />
recently married to Peter, the heir apparent to the Portuguese<br />
throne. Moreover, Peter's love for me brought the exiled<br />
Castilian nobility very close to power, with my brothers<br />
becoming the prince's friends <strong>and</strong> trusted advisors.<br />
King Afonso IV of Portugal, Peter's father, disliked my influence<br />
on my son <strong>and</strong> waited for our mutual infatuation to wear off,<br />
but it did not. Constance of Castile died in 1345. Afonso IV tried<br />
several times to arrange for his son to be remarried, but Pedro<br />
refused to take a wife other than me, who was not deemed<br />
eligible to be queen. Peter's legitimate son, future King<br />
Ferdin<strong>and</strong> I of Portugal, was a frail child, whereas Peter <strong>and</strong><br />
Inés's illegitimate children were thriving; this created even<br />
more discomfort among the Portuguese nobles, who feared<br />
the increasing Castilian influence over Peter.<br />
Afonso IV banished me from the court after Constance's death,<br />
but Peter remained with me declaring me as his true love. After<br />
several attempts to keep us apart, Afonso IV ordered my death.<br />
Pêro Coelho, Álvaro Gonçalves, <strong>and</strong> Diogo Lopes Pacheco went<br />
to the Monastery of Santa Claraa-Velha in Coimbra, where I<br />
was detained, <strong>and</strong> killed me, decapitating me in front of my<br />
small child. When Peter heard of this, he sought out the killers<br />
<strong>and</strong> managed to capture two of them in 1361.<br />
Iker Pérez García<br />
2º BC
Boudicca<br />
I was born in 30 AD<br />
I died in 60-61 AD<br />
My name is Boudicca, which means victory. I belonged to a<br />
Celtic family that lived in a part of what now a days is the United<br />
Kingdom. In 48 AD (when I was 18) I married the king of<br />
Prasutegus who was monarch of the Icenos <strong>and</strong> was an ally of<br />
the Romans. We were in a happy marriage <strong>and</strong> we had two<br />
daughters.<br />
Everything was going well until the death of my husb<strong>and</strong>. When<br />
he died, in his testament he said that he was going to give<br />
almost everything to my daughters. He didn´t remember that<br />
he had a pact with the Romans that obligated him to give them<br />
territories when he died in exchange for military help with our<br />
enemies. I wasn´t going to do that.<br />
Months later the Romans claimed all our kingdom, I said no<br />
again so the Romans got angry <strong>and</strong> captured all our nobles <strong>and</strong><br />
they killed them or sold them as slaves. They also tortured me,<br />
so I decided to fight against the Romans. All the other tribes<br />
stopped the wars between them <strong>and</strong> joined me against the<br />
Romans.<br />
My first objective was killing the people responsible for all the<br />
torture. He lived in a military colony, so we decided to besiege<br />
the camp <strong>and</strong> we did it successfully, even though we killed<br />
everyone in the city, days later everyone knew what had<br />
happened, when we arrived in Londinium, nowadays called<br />
London, all the city was empty so I burned it all.<br />
Our next objective was Verulamiun, all the inhabitants ran<br />
away when they saw us. The Romans were angry with us so<br />
they made us fight face to face. We had much more soldier<br />
than the Romans but they defeated us, I escaped from the<br />
battlefield. I was sure the Romans were going to capture <strong>and</strong><br />
torture me, so I committed suicide with my two daughters.<br />
Jimena Simón Gil<br />
1º ESO E
Livia Drusilla<br />
I was born in 59 BC<br />
I died in 29 AD<br />
I am known as Livia Drusa Augusta, Livia Drusilla or Julia<br />
Augusta.<br />
I was the daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus <strong>and</strong><br />
my mother was Alfidia.<br />
I got married to my cousin, Tiberius Claudius Nero, <strong>and</strong> we<br />
had two sons, named Tiberius <strong>and</strong> Drusus the Elder.<br />
One day after my divorce was announced, I married<br />
Augustus, who had fallen in love with me while I was still<br />
married. We did not have children.<br />
Caesar Augustus became emperor of Rome, <strong>and</strong> I was<br />
always at his side because I was his trusted advisor.<br />
I was a wife, a mother, a gr<strong>and</strong>mother <strong>and</strong> a greatgr<strong>and</strong>mother<br />
of emperors, I became important to Rome. I<br />
ruled the Roman Empire from the background.<br />
Laura Nieto Esperalta<br />
1º ESO E
Olga of Kiev<br />
The exact year I was born is disputed<br />
I died the 11 th of July 969 in Kiev<br />
My name is Olga of Kiev. I was a Pskov woman of<br />
Varangian origin.<br />
I married Igor of Kiev <strong>and</strong> we had a son, Sviatoslav<br />
I of Kiev.<br />
Igor was killed by the Drevlianys in 945, I ruled<br />
Kievan Rus as regent on behalf of my son<br />
Svyatoslav. The Drevlianys wanted me to marry<br />
Prince Mal, making him the sovereign of the Rus of<br />
Kiev, but I was determined to stay in power <strong>and</strong><br />
preserve it for my son. My soldiers killed most of<br />
them.<br />
I was the first sovereign of the Russians to convert<br />
to Orthodox Christianity.<br />
I was also the first person of the Rus people to be<br />
proclaimed saint, thanks to the efforts I made to<br />
spread Christianity in my country. I did not manage<br />
to convert my son, so the task of making<br />
Christianity the state religion would be fulfilled by<br />
my gr<strong>and</strong>son <strong>and</strong> pupil St.Vladimir of Kiev.<br />
Lucía Martín Martínez<br />
2º ESO E
Murasaki Shikibu<br />
I was born in 978<br />
I died in 1014<br />
My real name is Fujiwara no Takako or in Japonese: 紫 式 部 In<br />
Spanish that means “Dama Murasaki”. I was born in Heian-kyō<br />
in 978.<br />
I was a Japonese novelist <strong>and</strong> poet at the Imperial court during<br />
the Heian period. I am the daughter of Fujiwara no Tametoki,<br />
who also was a famous author. I married a man called Fujiwara<br />
no Nobutaka <strong>and</strong> I had Daini no Sanmi, a girl who in time also<br />
became a writer.<br />
My most famous book is Genji Monogatari which I wrote in<br />
1967. The real title is 源 氏 物 語 . The book is about Prince Genji,<br />
there are 54 chapters which talk about his entire love life, his<br />
recovery of imperial power <strong>and</strong> the life of his children after his<br />
death. This story is recognized as the first novel, or at least, the<br />
first novel in the modern sense as since the first century a<br />
tradition of Greek novel already existed.<br />
I also wrote more books such as:<br />
• The diary of Murasaki Shikibu. ( 紫 式 部 日 記 )<br />
• Diares of Court Ladies of Old Japan.<br />
• A String of Flowers.<br />
• La storia di Genji.<br />
Finally I died in Kioto, Japan in 1014.<br />
Lucía Hernández García<br />
2º ESO BC
Mary the Jewess<br />
Date of birth <strong>and</strong> death unknown<br />
My name is Mary the Jewess, also known as Mary<br />
the Hebrew or Miriam the Prophetess, I was the first<br />
female alchemist. I lived between the 1st century<br />
<strong>and</strong> the 3rd century AD in Alex<strong>and</strong>ria. I am<br />
considered the "founder of alchemy" <strong>and</strong> a great<br />
contributor to practical science.<br />
My identity is somewhat obscured. Some associate<br />
me with María Magdalena. The alchemists of the<br />
past believed that I was Miriam, the sister of Moses<br />
<strong>and</strong> the prophet Aaron, but the evidence supporting<br />
this claim is scarce.<br />
People know I existed thanks to Zosimo Panopolis, a<br />
scholar alchemist of Alex<strong>and</strong>ria who in the IV century<br />
AD compiled the teachings of many earlier initiates<br />
to form what became an encyclopedia of Hermetic<br />
art.<br />
I was a respected laboratory worker who invented<br />
complicated devices for the distillation <strong>and</strong><br />
sublimation of chemical materials, as well as the<br />
famous Water Bath:<br />
The tribikos was a kind of three-armed still that was<br />
used to obtain purified substances through<br />
distillation. It consisted of a clay vessel containing<br />
the liquid that was to be distilled, <strong>and</strong> a dish for the<br />
condensation of the steam (the 'ambix' or 'alembic')<br />
from which three copper spouts, <strong>and</strong> glass jars to<br />
receive the liquid. A leak or rim inside the mantera<br />
collected the distillate <strong>and</strong> took it to the spigots.<br />
The kerotakis is the most important of my<br />
inventions; it is a reflux device used to heat<br />
substances used in alchemy <strong>and</strong> collect their vapors.<br />
It is an airtight container with a sheet of copper<br />
suspended in its upper part so that the apparatus<br />
works correctly, all the joints have to be adjusted to<br />
the vacuum. The use of such containers in the<br />
hermetic arts gave rise to the expression<br />
"hermetically sealed".<br />
Marco Antonio Zavaleta Huarcaya<br />
1º ESO E
Fatimah bint Muhammed<br />
I was born in 609 AD<br />
I died in 632 AD<br />
My name means "numerology, definition, origin, popularity<br />
<strong>and</strong> very interesting information" I'm Muhammed’s<br />
youngest daughter. My name is the most popular in the<br />
Muslim world <strong>and</strong> I participated in several very important<br />
political actions in the Muslim world.<br />
My father, Muhammed, was the founder of Islam <strong>and</strong><br />
considered a prophet by Muslims.<br />
During my childhood I was attended to <strong>and</strong> cared for<br />
personally by my mother, normally families sent their<br />
newborn babies with wet nurses. I spent my youth under the<br />
protection of my parents. Many of my father's friends asked<br />
me for my h<strong>and</strong> in marriage, but my father denied them all<br />
because he was waiting for a sign from destiny. Ali, my<br />
father's cousin, also asked for my h<strong>and</strong> in marriage, <strong>and</strong><br />
finally I married him, <strong>and</strong> we had three sons <strong>and</strong> two<br />
daughters.<br />
I received many titles from Muslims, which showed their<br />
admiration for my physical <strong>and</strong> moral characteristics. I spent<br />
most of my time dedicating myself to prayer, other acts of<br />
worship <strong>and</strong> reciting the Koran.<br />
Before my death, Muhammad called me <strong>and</strong> said that he<br />
was going to die soon, I told him that I would be the next<br />
member of the family to die. After the death of my father, I<br />
was disconsolate <strong>and</strong> remained in that state until I died six<br />
months later, during Ramadan.<br />
Two of my sons <strong>and</strong> two of my daughters survived to carry<br />
on the dynasty, a third son died of natural causes.<br />
María Castaño Timón<br />
2º ESO E
Hypatia<br />
I was born between 350-370 AD<br />
I died in 415 AD<br />
I was the first woman to make a substantial contribution to<br />
the development of mathematics.<br />
I was the daughter of a mathematician <strong>and</strong> philosopher Theon<br />
of Alex<strong>and</strong>ria, he taught me some mathematics.<br />
It is rather remarkable that I became head of the Platonist<br />
school of Alex<strong>and</strong>ria in about 400 AD.<br />
I based my teachings on those of Plotinus, the founder of<br />
Neoplatonism, <strong>and</strong> Iamblichus who was a developer of<br />
Neoplatonism around 300 AD.<br />
I taught these philosophical ideas with a greater scientific<br />
emphasis than earlier followers of Neoplatonism.<br />
I came to symbolise learning <strong>and</strong> science which the early<br />
Christians identified with paganism. However, among the<br />
pupils who I taught in Alex<strong>and</strong>ria there were many prominent<br />
Christians.<br />
In 412 AD Cyril became patriarch of Alex<strong>and</strong>ria. However, the<br />
Roman prefect of Alex<strong>and</strong>ria was Orestes <strong>and</strong> Cyril <strong>and</strong><br />
Orestes became bitter political rivals as church <strong>and</strong> state<br />
fought for control. I was a friend of Orestes <strong>and</strong> this, together<br />
with prejudice against my philosophical views which were<br />
seen by Christians to be pagan, led to me becoming the focal<br />
point of riots between Christians <strong>and</strong> non-Christians.<br />
Miguel Romero Gábana<br />
1º ESO E
Lucretia<br />
My birth date is unknown<br />
I died in 510 b. C.<br />
Sextus Tarquinius was the son of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the<br />
last king of Rome who was engaged in the siege of Ardea at the<br />
time. One day, Sextus invited his friends for supper <strong>and</strong> drinks at<br />
his house. Among his guests was Tarquinius Collatinus, one of his<br />
distant kinsmen. The men started talking about their wives <strong>and</strong>,<br />
fueled by wine, each of them praised his own wife excessively.<br />
Collatinus finally declared that no one was more worthy than me.<br />
As his friends scoffed, Collatinus invited them to ride their horses<br />
to his house <strong>and</strong> see for themselves what his wife was doing at<br />
home. The men agreed <strong>and</strong> they all went on horseback to the city.<br />
They visited each of their houses <strong>and</strong> found every single one of<br />
their wives getting ready for a night out. Finally, they arrived at the<br />
house of Collatinus <strong>and</strong> found Lucretia, with her servants, working<br />
on her spinning in the middle of her house. It was then that Sextus<br />
was said to have been seduced both by my beauty <strong>and</strong> virtue.<br />
A few days later, Sextus returned to the house of Collatinus.<br />
Collatinus was, at this time, away at Ardea. I received him<br />
graciously <strong>and</strong> granted him the hospitality according to his status<br />
as the son of the king. Sextus waited until everyone else was<br />
asleep before taking up his sword <strong>and</strong> went to my bedroom.<br />
Placing his sword against me, Sextus woke me with a low voice<br />
<strong>and</strong> declared his love for me. After begging, threatening <strong>and</strong><br />
exhausting every method of seducing me, who would rather die<br />
than submit to him, Sextus finally said, “when I have killed you, I<br />
will put next to you the body of a nude slave. Everyone will say<br />
that you were killed during a dishonorable act of adultery.” With<br />
this final threat, Sextus succeeded. After he raped me, he left.<br />
Distraught, I sent messengers to my husb<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> my father,<br />
Spurius Lucretius – prefect of Rome, asking them each to come at<br />
once with a good friend, because a terrible thing had happened in<br />
my husb<strong>and</strong>’s house. Spurius Lucretius came with Publius Valerius<br />
<strong>and</strong> Collatinus came with Lucius Junius Brutus. When I saw them, I<br />
began to cry. I told them what had happened to me <strong>and</strong> charged<br />
them to avenge my honor. After promising me that they would<br />
pursue Sextus, they tried to appease my sorrow by saying what<br />
had happened to me was not my fault. I said, Nec ulla deinde<br />
inpudica Lucretiae exemplo vivet. (“Not in time to come shall ever<br />
unchaste woman live through the example of Lucretia”) Then, as<br />
the men looked at each other in despair <strong>and</strong> confusion, I took up a<br />
dagger <strong>and</strong> plunged it into my heart. I died amid the cries of my<br />
husb<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> father.<br />
Nathalie Montserrat Peña López<br />
1º ESO E
I was born on the 20 th of June 1211<br />
I died on the 2 nd of March in 1282<br />
Saint Agnes of Prague<br />
I’m also known as Agnes of Bohemia. I was a<br />
medieval Bohemian princess who opted for a life of<br />
charity, mortification of the flesh <strong>and</strong> piety over a life of<br />
luxury <strong>and</strong> comfort. Although I was venerated soon after<br />
my death, I was not beatified or canonized for over 700<br />
years. There is a feast in my honor is the 2 nd of March<br />
<strong>and</strong> I’m the patron saint of the Czech Republic.<br />
I was the daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia. My<br />
mother was Constance of Hungary, who was the sister of<br />
King Andrew II of Hungary, so I was a first cousin to St.<br />
Elizabeth of Hungary. When I was eight, I was betrothed<br />
to Henry, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick<br />
II. Henry was ten years old <strong>and</strong> had just been<br />
crowned King of Germany.<br />
I was sent to the court of Duke Leopold VI of Babenberg.<br />
Leopold, however, wanted the young Henry to marry his<br />
own daughter, Margaret. After being betrothed for six<br />
years, our betrothal contract was cancelled. Like other<br />
noble women of my time, I was a valuable political pawn.<br />
In 1226, my father Ottokar went to war against the<br />
Babenbergs as a result of the cancelled betrothal.<br />
Ottokar then planned for me to marry Henry III of<br />
Engl<strong>and</strong>, but this was vetoed by the Emperor, who<br />
wanted to marry me himself.<br />
I was beatified in 1874 by Pope Pius IX, <strong>and</strong> then I was<br />
canonized on the 12 th of November of 1989 by Pope<br />
John Paul II in the Vatican city<br />
Óscar Molinero Atienza<br />
2º ESO BC
Blanche I of Navarre<br />
I was born in 1387<br />
I died in 1441<br />
My name is Blanche I of Navarre. My father was called Carlos III of<br />
Navarre <strong>and</strong> was nicknamed The Noble, I don´t know why, <strong>and</strong> my<br />
mother was Leonor of Trastámara. In fact, I am French but that<br />
doesn´t matter. On the 21 of May 1402 (when I was 39) I “married”<br />
Martin the Younger, king of Sicily, I say “marry” because on our<br />
wedding I wasn´t there. Strange no?<br />
For me it was very weird, but everyone seemed so confident that in<br />
the end I didn´t care. That same year on December I arrived in Sicily.<br />
On December 26 my real wedding took place, personally I wasn´t very<br />
happy with my new husb<strong>and</strong>. My father complained to the court of<br />
Sicily <strong>and</strong> two years later they gave me the territories that they should<br />
have given me on my wedding day, the territories weren´t more than<br />
four small cities.<br />
in 1405 Martin went to Aragón so he made me queen of Sicily. My<br />
reign was a little bit difficult, I had some problems because the<br />
Sicilians didn´t like me but they ended up getting used to me. I reigned<br />
with help of a council. In 1406 I had my first son who would be king<br />
of Aragon, he died eight months later. It was 1409 <strong>and</strong> my husb<strong>and</strong><br />
was going on another expedition in Sardinia so he made me queen<br />
again, he never returned from this expedition, he died from malaria.<br />
I was going to marry Louis VII of Bavaria, but our wedding was<br />
canceled. A few months later they had organized me a wedding with<br />
Eduardo I of Bar, that made me be very happy, but unexpectedly he<br />
died on the battle of Agincourt. I continued reigning in Sicily, the<br />
Sicilians liked me a lot, they considered me a symbol of independent<br />
Sicily (the Aragonese had conquered Sicily <strong>and</strong> Sicilians hated them)<br />
they tried to marry me with a descendant of Federico III of Sicily <strong>and</strong><br />
also with a son of Juan I of Portugal, Juan wanted to conquer Sicily.<br />
My older sister Juana of Navarre died so I was the successor of the<br />
kingdom of Navarre, my father made me return with him. In 1415 I<br />
returned with my father.<br />
When I arrived in Navarre my father made me princess of Navarre. In<br />
1420 I married Juan II of Aragón. I had a son with Juan called Carlos,<br />
my dad made him prince of Viana. We also had two daughters,<br />
Blanche II of Navarre <strong>and</strong> Leonor I of Navarre. It was 1429 <strong>and</strong> I was<br />
crowned as queen of Navarre. My daughter Blanche II of Navarre was<br />
going to marry Enrique IV of Castile. I was doing a pilgrimage to<br />
sanctuary of Guadalupe when I died.<br />
Pablo Simón Gil<br />
2º ESO E
Mary Beard<br />
I was born in 1955<br />
I am still alive<br />
My name is Mary Beard <strong>and</strong> I was born in Much Wenlock,<br />
United Kingdom. I am an English scholar <strong>and</strong> classicist. I am a<br />
professor of classics at the University of Cambridge, a fellow<br />
of Newnham College <strong>and</strong> also a Royal Academy of arts<br />
professor of Ancient literature. I´m the editor of The Times<br />
Literary Supplement where I write my blog that is called ``A<br />
Don´s Life´´.<br />
I´m an only child who was born on 1 January 1955. My<br />
mother, Joyce Emily Beard, was a headmistress <strong>and</strong> an<br />
enthusiastic reader; <strong>and</strong> my father, Roy Whitbread Beard,<br />
worked as an architect in Shrewsbury. I studied at Shrewsbury<br />
High School. When I was eighteen, I sat for my entrance exam,<br />
which was compulsory, to win a place in Newnham college. I<br />
developed feminist views, because there were many places,<br />
(for example that college), where people didn´t let women<br />
participate.<br />
I got married in 1985 with an art historian <strong>and</strong> classicist called<br />
Robin Cormack. My daughter is called Zoe <strong>and</strong> right now she is<br />
a historian of South Sudan <strong>and</strong> my son is called Raphael, he is<br />
a scholar of Egyptian literature.<br />
I have done lots of things during my career. Between 1979<br />
<strong>and</strong> 1983, I lectured in classics at King´s College, London.<br />
During 1992, I worked as the classical editor of The Times<br />
Literary Supplement. In 2012, I wrote <strong>and</strong> presented the three<br />
part television series, Meet the romans with Mary Beard, but<br />
the critics A. A. Gill thought that I was too ugly for television.<br />
But finally I was accepted the way I am. I was also abused<br />
online, mostly on twitter, but I answered the critics with<br />
reason <strong>and</strong> optimism.<br />
There are many books written by myself in bookshops <strong>and</strong><br />
libraries. I´ve written books like, for example: Rome in the Late<br />
Republic, The Colosseum, The Roman Triumph, The Invention<br />
of Jane Harrison, The Good Working Mother´s Guide… Most of<br />
my books talk about things referring to Italy, but more exactly<br />
to Rome, its capital city.<br />
Patricia Carrillo Serrano (1ºE)
Petronilla of Aragón<br />
I was born in 1133<br />
I died in 1176<br />
My name is Petronilla, I was born on the 29th of June in<br />
1136 in Huesca <strong>and</strong> I died on the 15th of October in 1173.<br />
My father was Ramiro II of Aragon <strong>and</strong> my mother was<br />
Ines of Poitou <strong>and</strong> I lived in the real Aragon house.<br />
I was conceived to give continuity to the dynasty of<br />
Aragon. When the king Alfonso I the Battler died my<br />
father was proclaimed king, they called him ¨the monk¨<br />
<strong>and</strong> he married my mother. A year later they signed<br />
marriage capitulations with the Count of Barcelona in<br />
Barabastro (regulating the Potestas regia) saying that<br />
when I got older I would marry Ramón Berenguer IV <strong>and</strong><br />
thus the Kingdom of Aragon <strong>and</strong> the county of Barcelona<br />
would be unified. I was educated in the court of<br />
Barcelona. During this period the crown of León pressed<br />
me to marry Alfonso VII of León or his son, Sancho El<br />
Deseado, in order to unite the crowns of León <strong>and</strong> Aragon,<br />
giving me the name Magpie. In the end I didn’t marry any<br />
of them.<br />
My wedding with Ramón Berenguer IV was celebrated<br />
thirteen years later in Lérida, in the month of August<br />
1150, when I reached the age required by the canon law,<br />
to consummate the marriage, fourteen years. In March<br />
1157 was born in Huesca our son called Alfonso II in honor<br />
to Alfonso I.<br />
After the death of my hasb<strong>and</strong> in 1162, I abdicated in my<br />
son the Kingdom of Aragon <strong>and</strong> the county of Barcelona<br />
in document dated July 18, 1164, after I gave up the crown<br />
<strong>and</strong> second marriage, I lived privately <strong>and</strong> holyly for the<br />
rest of my years. Finally I was buried in the Cathedral of<br />
Barcelona.<br />
Our next objective was Verulamiun, all the inhabitants ran<br />
away when they saw us. The Romans were angry with us<br />
so they made us fight face to face. We had much more<br />
soldier than the Romans, but they defeated us, I escaped<br />
from the battlefield. I was sure the Romans were going to<br />
capture <strong>and</strong> torture me, so I committed suicide with my<br />
two daughters.<br />
Paula Latorre Aldabas<br />
2º ESO BC
Pilar Acosta Martínez<br />
I was born in 1938<br />
I died in 2006<br />
I was a Spanish archaeologist who specialized in rock art. I was<br />
the daughter of José Acosta <strong>and</strong> Presentación Martínez. They<br />
were my parents <strong>and</strong> my teachers.<br />
I stood out for my restlessness to learn <strong>and</strong> study. I studied in<br />
Tíjola at the school of nuns of the sisters of charity of San<br />
Vicente of Paúl, <strong>and</strong> then I continued studying at the institute<br />
of Teaching Half of Almeria, Isabel the Catholic of Madrid <strong>and</strong><br />
Ángel Ganivet of Granada, I finished with good qualifications.<br />
I studied history in the Faculty of Philosophy <strong>and</strong> Literature of<br />
the University of Granada. I finished with outst<strong>and</strong>ing marks at<br />
the end of my university degree.<br />
After leaving university I made a lot of art. Then I became the<br />
director of Spal magazine. I was also on numerous Doctoral<br />
Thesis Tribunals. Many people in universities like Sevilla’s read<br />
my magazine. In many universities they have tributes to me. In<br />
Tíjola they gave me the posthumous title of their favourite<br />
daughter. They remember me as a great teacher <strong>and</strong> a great<br />
researcher.<br />
Sebastián Flores<br />
1º ESO E
Saint Beatrice of Silva<br />
I was born in 1424<br />
I died in 1492<br />
I was in the Order of the Immaculate Conception (O.I.C), also known as the<br />
Conceptionists, we were a contemplative religious order of nuns. I was born<br />
in Campo Maior, Portugal in 1424 <strong>and</strong> I died in Toledo, Castile, August 9 th<br />
1492, I was a noblewoman of Portugal, who became the foundress of<br />
the monastic Order of the Immaculate Conception of the lady in Spain. I’ m<br />
honored as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.<br />
I was one of the eleven children of Rui Gomes da Silva, the first governor<br />
of Campo Maior after its reconquest from Arab rule, <strong>and</strong> of Isabel de<br />
Meneses, the Countess of Portalegre.<br />
My son, Dom Pedro de Meneses, was the 1st Count of Vila Real <strong>and</strong><br />
2nd Count of Viana do Alentejo, in whose army my father was serving at the<br />
time of my birth. Another of my brothers was the Blessed Amadeus of<br />
Portugal, O.F.M. (Franciscans were a group of related mendicant religious<br />
orders within the Catholic Church), a noted reformer of the Order of Friars<br />
Minor. I was long thought to have been born in the Portuguese colony<br />
of Ceuta in North Africa, where my father was serving as a military adjutant<br />
at that time. However, the truth is that I was born in the family home at<br />
Campo Maior.<br />
In 1501 Pope Alex<strong>and</strong>er VI united the nuns of Santa Fe, which I had founded,<br />
with the neighbouring Benedictine Monastery of San Pedro de las Duenas,<br />
<strong>and</strong> put them all under the Rule of St. Clare. Through this, the Order became<br />
connected with the Franciscans. Pope Julius II gave the new Order a rule of<br />
life of its own in 1511, <strong>and</strong> in 1516 special Constitutions were drawn up for<br />
the new Order by the Franciscan Cardinal Francisco de Quiñones, who<br />
resolved some ongoing tensions between the nuns of Santa Fe <strong>and</strong> the former<br />
Benedictine nuns who had been fused into the Order, establishing the<br />
community as the Monastery of the Immaculate Conception.<br />
I was raised in the castle of Infante John, Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz. In<br />
1447 I accompanied my daughter, Princess Isabel of Portugal, to Castile as<br />
a lady-in-waiting when Isabel left to marry King John II of Castile <strong>and</strong><br />
became Queen of Castile <strong>and</strong> León.<br />
The king wanted to decapitate me so my daughter helped me <strong>and</strong> I escaped<br />
imprisonment with difficulty <strong>and</strong> took refuge in the Dominican Second<br />
Order monastery of nuns in Toledo. In 1484, I <strong>and</strong> some companions, took<br />
possession of a palace in Toledo set apart for them by Queen Isabel for the<br />
new community under the name Monastery of Santa Fe, which was to be<br />
dedicated to honouring the Immaculate Conception of Mary. I died in the<br />
monastery I had founded <strong>and</strong> my remains are there.<br />
Raquel Álvarez Sánchez de la Nieta<br />
2ºESO E
Cleopatra<br />
I was born in 69 BCE<br />
I died in 30 BCE<br />
My name is Cleopatra, <strong>and</strong> I am the youngest ever Egyptian<br />
queen. My mother was Cleopatra VI <strong>and</strong> my father was<br />
Ptolemy XII who died when I was just 18 years old, after his<br />
death I ascended to the throne.<br />
In 48 BCE, the Roman Empire was involved in a civil war<br />
between Julius Caesar <strong>and</strong> Pompey. With Caesar’s military<br />
strength <strong>and</strong> support, my brother, Ptolemy, was<br />
overthrown <strong>and</strong> killed <strong>and</strong> I became the queen again.<br />
In 47 BCE, I gave birth to Caesarion, which means little<br />
Caesar, though, Caesar never declared him to be his son.<br />
For a time, my reign brought relative stability to the region,<br />
bringing peace <strong>and</strong> prosperity to a country bankrupt by a<br />
civil war. Although I was brought up to speak Greek like my<br />
family, I made an effort to learn Egyptian.<br />
In 44 BCE, Julius Caesar was assassinated.<br />
I <strong>and</strong> Mark Anthony, a roman general, began a relationship<br />
together <strong>and</strong> we had three children. Then, we were beaten<br />
in a battle <strong>and</strong> we had to escape back to Egypt, but, we were<br />
captured in Alex<strong>and</strong>ria in 30 BCE. With no chance of escape<br />
we both took our own lives, I committed suicide by<br />
persuading a cobra to bite me on the breast on the 12 th of<br />
August 30 BCE.<br />
Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire <strong>and</strong> I proved<br />
to be the last of the Egyptian Pharaohs.<br />
Raquel Olmedilla Pulido<br />
1º ESO E
Hrostwitha<br />
I was born in 935<br />
I died in 1002<br />
My name is Hrotsvitha <strong>and</strong> I am a German secular canoness,<br />
dramatist <strong>and</strong> poet who live at G<strong>and</strong>ersheim Abbey,<br />
established by the Ottonian dynasty. I write in Latin, <strong>and</strong> I’m<br />
considered by someone to be the first person since antiquity to<br />
compose drama in the Latin West.<br />
I divided my work in three books:<br />
Liber Primus<br />
1. Prose introduction<br />
2. Verse dedication to the Abbess Geberg<br />
3. Eight legends<br />
4. Prose conclusion<br />
Liber Secundus<br />
1. Prose introduction<br />
2. Epistola eiusdem ad quosdam sapientes huius libri<br />
fautores<br />
3. Six dramas<br />
4. Poem on a Vision of St. John (35 lines)<br />
Liber Tertius<br />
1. Prose introduction<br />
2. Verse dedications to Otto I <strong>and</strong> Otto II<br />
3. Gesta Oddonis<br />
4. Verse introduction<br />
5. Primordial Coenobii G<strong>and</strong>eshemensis<br />
Clara Pedraza García 2º ESO BC
Saint Elizabeth of Portugal<br />
I was born in 1271<br />
I died in 1336<br />
I am a Spanish princess who has given in marriage to King Denis<br />
of Portugal at the age of twelve. I am very beautiful <strong>and</strong> very<br />
lovable, didn’t I? I am very pious <strong>and</strong> I go to Mass every day. I<br />
was a holy wife, but although my husb<strong>and</strong> was fond of me at<br />
first, he soon began to cause me great suffering. Though a good<br />
ruler, he did not imitate my love of prayer <strong>and</strong> virtues. In fact,<br />
his sins of impurity gave great sc<strong>and</strong>al to the people.<br />
Later, to make things worse, the King believed a rumor about<br />
me <strong>and</strong> one of my pages by another page, who was jealous of<br />
his companion. In great anger, my husb<strong>and</strong>, ordered the one he<br />
believed guilty, to be sent to a lime-burner. The lime-burner<br />
was comm<strong>and</strong>ed to throw into his furnace the first page who<br />
came. The good page set out obediently, not knowing death<br />
was waiting for him. On his way he stopped for Mass, since he<br />
had the habit of going daily, like me, you remember? The first<br />
Mass had begun, so he stayed for a second one. In the<br />
meantime, my husb<strong>and</strong> sent the wicked page to the limeburner<br />
to find out if the other had been killed. And so it was<br />
this page who was thrown in the furnace! When Denis learned<br />
what had happened, he realized that God have saved the good<br />
page, punished the liar, <strong>and</strong> proven my innocence.<br />
This amazing event helped greatly to make my husb<strong>and</strong> live<br />
better. He apologized to me in front of everyone <strong>and</strong> began to<br />
respect me. In his last sickness, she never left his side, except<br />
for Mass, until he died a holy death. I lived for eleven more<br />
years, doing even greater charity <strong>and</strong> penance. I was a<br />
wonderful model of kindness toward the poor <strong>and</strong> a successful<br />
pacemaker between members of my own family <strong>and</strong> between<br />
nations.<br />
Iker González Langa 2º ESO BC
Toda Aznárez<br />
I was born in 876<br />
I died in 958<br />
My name is Toda Aznárez <strong>and</strong> I was born on the 2nd of January<br />
in 876. I was known as Toda of Pamplona, because I married<br />
Sancho I of Pamplona <strong>and</strong> I was the queen consort of<br />
Pamplona.<br />
I was daughter of Aznar Sanchéz of Larraun, the paternal<br />
gr<strong>and</strong>son of King García Íñiguez of Pamplona, while my mother<br />
Onneca Fortúnez was a daughter of King Fortún Garcés. My<br />
children were also descendants of the Arista Dynasty of<br />
Navarrese monarchs.<br />
I had a relationship with Muslims because my sister Sancha<br />
Aznárez <strong>and</strong> me were aunts of Caliph Add-an-Rahman III<br />
because my mother married Abdullah ibn Muhammad.<br />
Víctor Somolinos Fernández 2º ESO BC
I was born in 1835<br />
I died in 1869<br />
Alex<strong>and</strong>rine Tinne<br />
My name is Alex<strong>and</strong>rine Petronella Francina Tinne. I<br />
was born in The Hague on October 18, 1835. My father<br />
died when I was 10 years old <strong>and</strong> I became the richest<br />
heiress of the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
At the age of 19 I traveled to Egypt. At the age of 22, I<br />
made the decision to explore the mythical sources of the<br />
Nile, accompanied by my mother <strong>and</strong> my aunt. We<br />
climbed up the river Nile to Gondokoro where we had<br />
to retire. For that reason, I, my mother <strong>and</strong> my aunt<br />
have been considered as European women who had<br />
advanced more in the search of the mythical sources of<br />
the Nile.<br />
In 1862 I decided to explore the interior of Africa by<br />
sailing to Bahr al-Ghazal, the largest western tributary<br />
of the Nile, <strong>and</strong> then travelling by l<strong>and</strong> to Lake Chad. I<br />
was hoping to discover the sources of the Congo River.<br />
On this trip my mother died.<br />
In Europe my expeditions <strong>and</strong> discoveries began to be<br />
known <strong>and</strong> admired, <strong>and</strong> the newspapers identified me<br />
as "young <strong>and</strong> beautiful", "Amazon without fear",<br />
"unfailing accomplice of their objectives",<br />
"knowledgeable of many languages, including Arabic". In<br />
1869 I set out to become the first Western woman to<br />
cross the Sahara desert. I contracted two Dutch sailors to<br />
join the expedition. The first phase of the expedition was<br />
as planned. However, there was a rumor among the<br />
camel drivers that the tanks we were carrying were full<br />
of gold coins. When we were leaving the oasis of Wadi<br />
Shergui, 12 horsemen entered our camp telling us that<br />
they were sent by the Ichnunchen chief to drive them to<br />
Ghat. At that time, our Tuareg guide of the expedition<br />
disappeared <strong>and</strong> there was an altercation between the<br />
12 horsemen <strong>and</strong> the Arab servants he was carrying. One<br />
of the Dutch sailors who came with us, tried to restore<br />
calm <strong>and</strong> a Tuareg crossed it with his spear, then went to<br />
where I was. To stop him, raise my h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> cut my<br />
h<strong>and</strong>. Then there was chaos, the other Dutch sailor <strong>and</strong><br />
the Arab servants tried to defend me, <strong>and</strong> they were all<br />
killed by the Tuaregs who left the camp leaving me to<br />
bleed to death at the age of 34.<br />
Javier Cardenal Fernández<br />
2ºESO E