Ramayana, Epic of Rama, Prince of India

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8 A Note on the Late Romesh C. Dutt [ix] Romesh Chunder Dutt, to whom English readers are indebted for the condensed metrical versions of the ancient Indian epics given in this volume, was one of the most distinguished sons of modem India. He came of a Hindu family standing high among the Kayasths, second of the great castes in Bengal, was born in 1848, and grew to manhood amid influences of deep spiritual disturbance. In those days an Indian youth who had felt the call of the West encountered the sternest opposition, from both his own family and the community, if he avowed his ambition of making the voyage to Europe. Romesh Dutt, having passed through the Presidency College, Calcutta, took his fate into his own hands. Accompanied by two friends, both of whom afterwards rose to eminence in Bengal, he secretly took ship, came to London, entered for the Indian Civil Service, and took third place in the open examination of 1869. He was the first of his race to attain the rank of divisional commissioner, and long before his retirement in 1897, at the end of twenty-five years’ service, had made a high reputation as an administrator. He sat for a time in the Bengal Legislative Council, and, in recognition of his official work, received the Companionship of the Indian Empire. He died on November 30, 1909, at Baroda, the capital of the important Native State which he had served with brilliant success as revenue minister and dewan. The influences which determined his literary activity were [x] primarily European. As a student in Calcutta he had made acquaintance with the English classics, and later, while at University College, had read the poets insatiably. Nevertheless his first successes were achieved in his mother tongue. He wrote in Bengali poems and plays, historical and social novels, and aroused a storm of protest within the orthodox community of his province by publishing a Bengali translation of the Rig Veda. In English, of which he had complete mastery, his first considerable essay was a history of Civilisation in Ancient India, which, though not a work of original research, fulfilled a useful purpose in its day. When freedom from Government service gave him the opportunity he set himself to writing the Economic History of India and India in the Victorian Age, the two together forming his chief contribution to the subject which he, more than any other Indian of his time, had made his own. In these books, as in others of kindred theme and purpose, there is much criticism of British administration, strongly felt if temperately expressed. Apart from this, its more controversial side, the work of Romesh Dutt is valuable mainly in that it has helped to reveal, to his own people no less than to ours, the spiritual riches of ancient India. S. K. Ratcliffe
9 Bibliography [xi] The following is a list of the various editions of “The Ramayana”: “The Ramayana,” edited by S. Goressio (with Italian translation). 10 vols. 1843- 58, 1859-60 (Calcutta), 1888 (Bombay). English translations: by Kirtee Bass. 5 vols. Serampore, 1802. “The Ramayuna of Valmeeki, in the original Sungscrit, with a Prose Translation and Explanatory Notes.” W. Carey and J. Marshman. 1806-10. An English translation for “Nirvachanothara Ramayanum” (i.e. the “Uttara Ramayana” attributed to Vúlmíki, with Commentary). Madras. 1880. Free English translation by R. T. H. Griffith. 5 vols. 1870-75. Translation into English Prose. Edited by Manmatha Nath Dutt. 1889. 1892-94. Condensed into English Verse by Romesh Dutt. 1899 (Temple Classics). 1900. Works on: Sir M. Williams, “Indian Epic Poetry. with full Analysis of the Ramayana and Mahabharata.” 1863. J. T. Wheeler, “History of India.” 1867, &c. J. C. Oman, “Struggles of the Dawn. the Stories of the Great Indian Epics, Ramayana,” &c. 1893. “The Great Indian Epics,” &c. 1894, 1899 (Bohn). The following is a list of the various editions of “The Maha-Bharata”: Complete edition, Calcutta, 1834-39, 4 vols.; Bombay, 1863: re-edited, with commentary by Nitakantha Govinda, 1890. [xii] Translations into English Prose, by Protap Chandra Roy, 1883: (Sanscrit text of Maharshi Vyas, with complete English and Hindi translations, 1902. &c.). “Virtue’s Triumph; or, The Mahâ-Bhârata.” By Rai Bahadur, P. Anunda Charlu. 1894. Prose literal translation, by Manmatha Nath Dutt. 1895. Condensed into English verse by Romesh Dutt (Temple Classics). 1898. The same, with Introduction by W. Max-Muller. 1899.
Page 2 and 3: The Ramayana Condensed into English
Page 4 and 5: 4 III. Mother’s Blessings IV. Cit
Page 6 and 7: 6 VIII. Indrajit’s Assurance IX.
Page 10 and 11: Bibliography - 10 (Many English tra
Page 12 and 13: I. The Bridal of Sita - 12 Peaceful
Page 14 and 15: I. The Bridal of Sita - 14 Stalwart
Page 16 and 17: I. The Bridal of Sita - 16 ‘Known
Page 18 and 19: I. The Bridal of Sita - 18 Sacrific
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Page 26 and 27: II. The Banishment - 26 Dear to him
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Page 38 and 39: II. The Banishment - 38 Ask for oth
Page 40 and 41: II. The Banishment - 40 “Rama!”
Page 42 and 43: II. The Banishment - 42 Over fair K
Page 44 and 45: III. The Death of the King - 44 I.
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III. The Death of the King - 58 And
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III. The Death of the King - 60 Lak
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III. The Death of the King - 62 Old
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III. The Death of the King - 64 Dis
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IV. The Meeting of the Princes - 66
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V. On the Banks of the Godavari - 7
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VI. Sita Lost - 88 Looked on Rama l
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VI. Sita Lost - 90 Fawn-eyed Sita f
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VI. Sita Lost - 92 Pardon if an eag
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VI. Sita Lost - 94 V. Ravan’s Com
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VI. Sita Lost - 96 VI. Ravan’s Wo
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VI. Sita Lost - 98 [101] Pierce thy
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100 Book VII. Kishkindha (In the Ni
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VII. In the Nilgiri Mountains - 102
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112 Book VIII. Sita-Sandesa (Sita D
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VIII. Sita Discovered - 114 This is
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VIII. Sita Discovered - 116 Thou ha
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VIII. Sita Discovered - 118 Well I
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IX. The Council of War - 120 Last,
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IX. The Council of War - 122 “Whe
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IX. The Council of War - 124 For th
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IX. The Council of War - 126 Many a
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X. The War in Ceylon - 128 I. Indra
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X. The War in Ceylon - 130 Breathes
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X. The War in Ceylon - 132 Speaking
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X. The War in Ceylon - 134 INDRA no
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X. The War in Ceylon - 136 “Shed
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X. The War in Ceylon - 138 Deem not
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X. The War in Ceylon - 140 Anguish
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X. The War in Ceylon - 142 For his
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X. The War in Ceylon - 144 When Sum
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X. The War in Ceylon - 146 And a cr
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148 Book XI. Rajya-Abhisheka (Rama
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XI. Rama’s Return and Consecratio
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156 Book XII. Aswa-Medha (Sacrifice
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XII. Sacrifice of the Horse - 158 F
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XII. Sacrifice of the Horse - 160
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162 Conclusion [179] In the conclud
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Epilogue by the Translator - 164 da
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Epilogue by the Translator - 166 to
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Epilogue by the Translator - 168
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Epilogue by the Translator - 170 in
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Glossary - 172 CHANDAN, sandal-tree
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Glossary - 174 NISHKA, a coin, ofte
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Glossary - 176 TRIRATRA, a three ni
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Ramayana, Epic of Rama, Prince of India

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