white_paper_on_data_protection_in_india_171127_final_v2

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9. Should general websites, i.e. those that are not directed towards providing services to a child, be exempt from having additional safeguards protecting the collection, use and disclosure of children‘s data? What is the criteria for determining whether a website is intended for children or a general website? 10. Should data controllers have a higher onus of responsibility to demonstrate that they have obtained appropriate consent with respect to a child who is using their services? How will they have ―actual knowledge‖ of such use? 11. Are there any alternative views on the manner in which the personal data of children may be protected at the time of processing? 3. Notice Notice is an essential prerequisite to operationalise consent. However, concerns have been raised about notices being ineffective because of factors such as length, use of complex language, etc. Thus, the law needs to ensure that notices are effective, such that consent is meaningful. For a fuller discussion, see page 92 above. Questions 1. Should the law rely on the notice and choice mechanism for operationalising consent? 2. How can notices be made more comprehensible to individuals? Should government data controllers be obliged to post notices as to the manner in which they process personal data? 3. Should the effectiveness of notice be evaluated by incorporating mechanisms such as privacy impact assessments into the law? 4. Should the data protection law contain prescriptive provisions as to what information a privacy notice must contain and what it should look like? Alternatives: a. No form based requirement pertaining to a privacy notice should be prescribed by law. b. Form based requirements may be prescribed by sectoral regulators or by the data protection authority in consultation with sectoral regulators. 5. How can data controllers be incentivised to develop effective notices? 216
Alternatives: a. Assigning a ‗data trust score‘. b. Providing limited safe harbour from enforcement if certain conditions are met. If a ‗data trust score‘ is assigned, then who should be the body responsible for providing the score? 6. Would a consent dashboard be a feasible solution in order to allow individuals to easily gauge which data controllers have obtained their consent and where their personal data resides? Who would regulate the consent dashboard? Would it be maintained by a third party, or by a government entity? 7. Are there any other alternatives for making notice more effective, other than the ones considered above? 4. Other Grounds of Processing It is widely recognised that consent may not be sufficient as the only ground for lawful processing of personal data. Several other grounds, broadly conforming to practical requirements and legitimate state aims, are incorporated in various jurisdictions. The nature and remit of such grounds requires determination in the Indian context. For a fuller discussion, see page 99 above. Questions 1. What are your views on including other grounds under which processing may be done? 2. What grounds of processing are necessary other than consent? 3. Should the data protection authority determine residuary grounds of collection and their lawfulness on a case-by-case basis? On what basis shall such determination take place? Alternatives: a. No residuary grounds need to be provided. b. The data protection authority should lay down ‗lawful purposes‘ by means of a notification. c. On a case-by-case basis, applications may be made to the data protection authority for determining lawfulness. d. Determination of lawfulness may be done by the data controller subject to certain safeguards in the law. 217
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WHITE PAPER OF THE COMMITTEE OF EXP
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inclination to peruse the contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword.........
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(x) Impact on development of teleco
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9.1 Introduction ..................
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1. A Digital India in a Digital Wor
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information can then be used to cre
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Privacy is a complex concept that h
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The FIPPS were soon followed by the
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In light of these developments, the
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OECD Guidelines, 68 and sought to a
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Constitution - the right against un
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visits at night and regular surveil
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or necessary for legal compliance.
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Aadhaar based authentication which
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tested as per the contemporary Indi
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man and woman must be kept in mind.
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of the law. Second, the ease of cro
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ambit of the term organisation. 191
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1. What are your views on what the
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2.2 Horizontality of Application (P
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a. The law could regulate personal
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This distinction between data and i
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(iv) Pseudonymisation and Anonymisa
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that the information is not in the
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CHAPTER 4: SENSITIVE PERSONAL DATA
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protection. Subject to an evaluatio
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South Africa The POPI Act defines p
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a. All personal data processed must
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an employee of the controller who g
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. Clear bifurcation of roles and as
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7.2 Specific Exemptions and Interna
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In India, collection of statistical
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of imposition of similar nature.‘
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mechanism to provide prior approval
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1. What are your views on including
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To facilitate the cross-border tran
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(ii) Binding Corporate Rules BCR ar
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individual to take action to enforc
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CHAPTER 9 : DATA LOCALISATION 9.1 I
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(iii) IT-BPO/BPM Industrial Growth
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amounts of computer hardware, they
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In Indonesia, the regulation regard
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Distribution of Insurance Products)
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Another advantage of relying on con
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individuals may find it impossible
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that the collection is reasonably n
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CHAPTER 2: CHILD’S CONSENT 2.1 In
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the cloud service provider as to st
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The PIPEDA does not specifically de
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7. How can the requirement for pare
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mechanism still continues to play a
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3.3 International Practices Despite
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(CALOPPA) 466 and the GLB Act requi
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CHAPTER 4: OTHER GROUNDS OF PROCESS
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This ground covers two types of sce
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that there may be certain situation
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CHAPTER 5: PURPOSE SPECIFICATION AN
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collected for more than one purpose
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enable data controllers to understa
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CHAPTER 6: PROCESSING OF SENSITIVE
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may instrumentally be caused if the
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PIPEDA does not specifically deal w
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CHAPTER 7: STORAGE LIMITATION AND D
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solely for archiving purposes in th
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2. Data Quality: The principle of d
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data protection laws across jurisdi
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The requirement to be provided the
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Information Act, 1982 or other appr
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CHAPTER 9: INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION
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. the processing is unlawful and th
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such a right may be unsuitable in t
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from being taken solely on the basi
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CHAPTER 10: INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATIO
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emove data for ―the processing of
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South Africa Section 24 of the POPI
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PART IV REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT
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they form core, substantive element
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CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTABILITY AND ENFOR
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have been taken or that the data su
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The EU GDPR focuses on a ―risk ba
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person who processes personal infor
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with developing certain baseline ac
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ENFORCEMENT TOOLS 2.6 Introduction
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Australia The Privacy Act makes ext
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B. PERSONAL DATA BREACH NOTIFICATIO
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eputation, and loss of confidential
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Page 177 and 178: C. CATEGORISATION OF DATA CONTROLLE
Page 179 and 180: The Treasury Board of Canada Secret
Page 181 and 182: Under the EU GDPR, only certain dat
Page 183 and 184: 5. What range of additional obligat
Page 185 and 186: D. DATA PROTECTION AUTHORITY 2.18 I
Page 187 and 188: and approval of the appointment by
Page 189 and 190: The supervisory authority shall pro
Page 191 and 192: . Advisory The functions of the OAI
Page 193 and 194: standards be set by different entit
Page 195 and 196: maintain reasonable security practi
Page 197 and 198: notices‘ 827 and ‗information n
Page 199 and 200: 5. Given that the Appellate Tribuna
Page 201 and 202: CHAPTER 4: REMEDIES A. PENALTIES In
Page 203 and 204: sector, size, financial and other r
Page 205 and 206: to an overly adverse impact on smal
Page 207 and 208: B. COMPENSATION Awarding of compens
Page 209 and 210: United Kingdom As per the guidance
Page 211 and 212: C. OFFENCES There are certain types
Page 213 and 214: 4.11 Provisional Views 1. The law m
Page 215 and 216: SCOPE AND EXEMPTIONS 1. Territorial
Page 217 and 218: 6. Are there any other views relati
Page 219 and 220: 2. Should the definition of process
Page 221 and 222: 1. What are your views on including
Page 223 and 224: 9. Data Localisation Data localisat
Page 225: 2. Child’s Consent It is estimate
Page 229 and 230: If ‗sensitive personal data‘ is
Page 231 and 232: 2. Should there be a restriction on
Page 233 and 234: 3. Does a right to be forgotten add
Page 235 and 236: 1. What are your views on the use o
Page 237 and 238: oth for principled and practical re
Page 239 and 240: Questions 1. What are your views on
Page 241 and 242: 12. In cases where compensation cla
Page 243: 3. What are the mitigating circumst
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