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5.3.6.2 Hydrocyclones Hydrocyclones cause the rotation of a fluid, creating centrifugal forces which separate particles with specific gravities greater than the carrier fluid. The total suspended solids migrate outward toward the conical wall of the cyclone and are removed in the underflow stream. The clarified liquid leaves with the overflow (Johnson and Lindley, 1982). To the knowledge of the authors no full scale operation of hydrocyclones at fish processing facilities exist. i Based on laboratory-scale tests, Johnson and Lindley (1982) reported that hydrocyclon can efficiently remove particulate matter from seafood processing wastewaters but additional concentration of solids may be necessary if solids are to be used in a byproduct recovery operation. Tilsworth and Morgan (1983) reported that hydrocyclons alone removed approximately 90 % of crab fragments and up to 80 % of salmon and shrimp particulate. Improved removal efficiency occurred by the use of the coagulant at dosages of about 30 mg/L chitosan and 500 mg/L ferric sulphate. 5.3.6.3 Electrolytic Treatment To the knowledge of the authors no full scale installations of this type exist in fish processing industry. . A study of electrolytic treatment of wastewater from seafood processing was carried out by Matasuura et al. (1979). The wastewater at pH 2-6 was electrolyzed to the isoelectric point of proteins, peptides and amino acids and the floe removed. Then, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide or calcium chloride was added to co-precipitate the remaining proteins, peptides and amino acids. Reported COD and BOD removal efficiencies were 92 and 97 % respectively. 5.3.6.4 Evaporation Evaporation is a method to turn a dilute stream into a concentrated one. There are many different types of evaporators, ranging from open kettles to very sophisticated and 73
expensive ones. Evaporators usually cannot concentrate beyond 60 % water and 40 % solids (Goldhor and Koppernaes, 1993). Evaporation is used in several clam plants to treat cookwater, resulting in clam broth or flavour concentrate (Goldhor and Koppernaes, 1993 ). Evaporation is normally considered to be far too costly for waste treatment, and is only used where a saleable product will be a result. ( 5.3.7 Summary of Treatment Processes in Use for Fish Processing Plant Effluents Of the end of pipe treatment technologies use at fish processing plants. Table 5.9 treatment technologies currently in use at reviewed in this section, only a handful are in presents a summary of the known full scale fish processing plants. Table 5.9 Full Scale End-of-Pipe Treatment Technologies for Use at Fish Processing Plants Treatment Type Installations 500 pm screening Large number of installations 150 pm screening Very few installations Under 150 pm screening None in North America, some in Norway DAF without chemicals Installations in Europe DAF wtth chemicals Installations in Europe, one in North America Activated sludge (separate) One installation in Europe, several in Japan Activated sludge (combined) Several installations in Europe Lagoons (combined) One installation in BC 5.4 Byproduct Recovery 5.4.1 General Seafood processing operations generate a great deal of solid waste, much of it in the form of edible protein. Recovery of edible byproducts for human or animal feed is affected by the small scale and seasonality of many food processing facilities. 74
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Environment Canada Industrial Progr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEM’EN
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5.4 5.5 BEST 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.3.4.2 Ot
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Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Fi
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Table 5.8 Table 5.9 Table 5.10 Tabl
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Terms of Referen
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2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 Genera
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1992a). In 1990, approximately 70 %
Page 20 and 21:
Development of aquiculture (husband
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REDUCTION PLANT Q \ \ PRINCE RUPERT
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2.4 Review of Current Regulations 2
Page 26 and 27:
2.4.3 Municipal and Regional Bylaws
Page 28 and 29:
Table 3.1 Water Consumption Rates -
Page 30:
3.2 Wastewater Characteristics 3.2.
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Table 3.4 Contaminant Concentration
Page 35 and 36: 3.2.2 Fish Processing Facilities in
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.7 Production-based Contamin
Page 39 and 40: which are permitted to grind and di
Page 41 and 42: 4 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY The five ma
Page 43 and 44: ---- ,,, ,,, > “\ - Y’ I r ----
Page 45 and 46: VESSEL-HOLD WATER PACKERS AND RECIR
Page 47 and 48: && a- * I ---- ————-— --
Page 49 and 50: 4.4 Herring Processing 4.4.1 Genera
Page 51 and 52: Raw shrimp are held on ice for abou
Page 53 and 54: ~ PRODUCT — WASTEWATER ----- WATE
Page 55 and 56: -+ \ /’WATER’l \~uPPLY/ ‘T-
Page 57 and 58: 5 WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.1 Cu
Page 59 and 60: Information Grind and Discha Coarse
Page 61: Table 5.1 Permit Summary ———-
Page 64 and 65: offal with wastewater, which is the
Page 66 and 67: equipment clean and to flush offal
Page 68 and 69: Table 5.4 Solid Waste Generation at
Page 70 and 71: process water. However, different r
Page 72 and 73: 5.2.4 Contaminant Reduction Several
Page 74 and 75: Fine screening is generally used as
Page 76 and 77: to coagulate proteins, cooling and
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.6 Summary of FM Proceeding
Page 80 and 81: 5.3.4.3 Enhanced Gravity Settling T
Page 82 and 83: To the knowledge of the authors, on
Page 84 and 85: To the knowledge of the authors, no
Page 88 and 89: Solid wastes generated by seafood p
Page 90 and 91: Table 5.10 Results of Applications
Page 92 and 93: 5.4.9 Bone Meal Experiment conducte
Page 94 and 95: The comporting operation consists o
Page 96 and 97: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Page 98 and 99: ● / use of finer mesh screens (do
Page 100 and 101: 7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 7.1 Review of t
Page 102 and 103: wholesale and landed values as a me
Page 104 and 105: 7.2 Processing Technology Treatment
Page 106 and 107: (~nuJ!WU Jo %) SONICINVl u) (9 I <
Page 108 and 109: conservation and the implementation
Page 110 and 111: In-house modifications can result i
Page 112 and 113: Table 7.3 Expected Efficiency of Wa
Page 114 and 115: Table 7.4 Assumptions used for Econ
Page 116 and 117: quo had been maintained. For each t
Page 118 and 119: All cost estimates involving DAF un
Page 120 and 121: meet toxicity limits. However, biol
Page 122 and 123: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aegis Management Servi
Page 124 and 125: Fukuda H. and H. Nakatani. Treatmen
Page 126 and 127: Johnson R.A. and S.M. Gallanger. Us
Page 128 and 129: NovaTec Consultants Inc.. Village o
Page 130: ( Takei M.. Treatment of Waste Wate
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