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To the knowledge of the authors, no full scale anaerobic treatment at fish processing facility exists. 5.3.6 Other Types of Treatment A number of other types of treatment processes have been reported or tested on fish wastes at the bench or jar scale level. They remain largely unproven with respect to technical feasibility and costs. A highlight of selected ones are presented in this section. 5.3.6.1 Ultrafiltration The ultrafiltration process employs a semipermeable membrane to separate macromolecular substances from water. The membrane coats the wall of a closed space. When the solution contained in the enclosure surrounded by the membrane is pressurized, the water, inorganic salts and organic compounds of small molecular weights are forced through the membrane and collected as a permeate. Macromolecular \ substances such as proteins are left within the membrane enclosure as concentrate (Chao et al., 1980). To the knowledge of the authors no full scale ultrafiltration installations exist in the fish processing plants. The flux of permeate across the membrane is the most influential factor on the capital cost and operating costs of an ultrafiltration process. It is generally felt, based on laboratory scale tests, that a flux rate in the range of 0.33-0.61 m3/m2~day is the needed for the ultrafiltration process to be economically feasible (Chao et al., 1980). Table 5.7 presents a summary of ultrafiltration efficiency in treatment of blue crab steam cooker discharge (laboratory scale tests). Ohsihima et al. (1993) reported recovery of 90 % of proteins from red-meat fish , processing wastewater when ultrafiltration was applied, and Ninomiya et al. (1985) reported that proteins were concentrated from 0.1 -2 % to 0.4-18 % using ultrafiltration treatment. Precipitation and separation of proteins in aqueous solution can also be effected by relying on electrolytic rather than chemical means. Effectiveness of direct acid precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration and microgas ‘dispersion - 71
flotation in Table 5.8. protein recovery were evaluated by Jhaveri (1988) and are presented in Membrane separation techniques using ultrafiltration scale level in Europe and generally found to be (NovaTec, 1993a). Table 5.7 Summary of Wastewater Treatment Ultrafiltration Membrane have been investigated at the pilot unsatisfactory and uneconomical Test Results Employing an Parameter Raw waste Concentrate Permeate % Removal [mg/L] [mg/L] [mg/L] COD 20000-25000 67000-74000 6000 60-66 BOD 10000-14000 50000-60000 4000 60-71 TS 16000-25000 52000-64000 15000 17-40 TSS 700-1000 10000-13000 10 98 -99 NH4-N 200-250 240 220 0-12 Source: Chao et al., 1980 Table 5.8 Protein Recovery and BOD Reduction Achieved with Various Treatment Technologies Method Protein Recovery [%] BOD Reduction [%] Direct acid precipitation 70-60 72 Ion exchange chromatography 72 62 Ultrafiltration 79 79 Ion exchange chromatography and direct acid 90 91 precipitation Ultrafiltration and direct acid precipitation 90 91 Microgas dispersion and flotation 88 87 Source: Jhaveri, 1988 72
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Environment Canada Industrial Progr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEM’EN
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5.4 5.5 BEST 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.3.4.2 Ot
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Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Fi
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Table 5.8 Table 5.9 Table 5.10 Tabl
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Terms of Referen
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2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 Genera
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1992a). In 1990, approximately 70 %
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Development of aquiculture (husband
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REDUCTION PLANT Q \ \ PRINCE RUPERT
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2.4 Review of Current Regulations 2
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2.4.3 Municipal and Regional Bylaws
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Table 3.1 Water Consumption Rates -
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3.2 Wastewater Characteristics 3.2.
Page 33 and 34: Table 3.4 Contaminant Concentration
Page 35 and 36: 3.2.2 Fish Processing Facilities in
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.7 Production-based Contamin
Page 39 and 40: which are permitted to grind and di
Page 41 and 42: 4 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY The five ma
Page 43 and 44: ---- ,,, ,,, > “\ - Y’ I r ----
Page 45 and 46: VESSEL-HOLD WATER PACKERS AND RECIR
Page 47 and 48: && a- * I ---- ————-— --
Page 49 and 50: 4.4 Herring Processing 4.4.1 Genera
Page 51 and 52: Raw shrimp are held on ice for abou
Page 53 and 54: ~ PRODUCT — WASTEWATER ----- WATE
Page 55 and 56: -+ \ /’WATER’l \~uPPLY/ ‘T-
Page 57 and 58: 5 WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.1 Cu
Page 59 and 60: Information Grind and Discha Coarse
Page 61: Table 5.1 Permit Summary ———-
Page 64 and 65: offal with wastewater, which is the
Page 66 and 67: equipment clean and to flush offal
Page 68 and 69: Table 5.4 Solid Waste Generation at
Page 70 and 71: process water. However, different r
Page 72 and 73: 5.2.4 Contaminant Reduction Several
Page 74 and 75: Fine screening is generally used as
Page 76 and 77: to coagulate proteins, cooling and
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.6 Summary of FM Proceeding
Page 80 and 81: 5.3.4.3 Enhanced Gravity Settling T
Page 82 and 83: To the knowledge of the authors, on
Page 86 and 87: 5.3.6.2 Hydrocyclones Hydrocyclones
Page 88 and 89: Solid wastes generated by seafood p
Page 90 and 91: Table 5.10 Results of Applications
Page 92 and 93: 5.4.9 Bone Meal Experiment conducte
Page 94 and 95: The comporting operation consists o
Page 96 and 97: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Page 98 and 99: ● / use of finer mesh screens (do
Page 100 and 101: 7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 7.1 Review of t
Page 102 and 103: wholesale and landed values as a me
Page 104 and 105: 7.2 Processing Technology Treatment
Page 106 and 107: (~nuJ!WU Jo %) SONICINVl u) (9 I <
Page 108 and 109: conservation and the implementation
Page 110 and 111: In-house modifications can result i
Page 112 and 113: Table 7.3 Expected Efficiency of Wa
Page 114 and 115: Table 7.4 Assumptions used for Econ
Page 116 and 117: quo had been maintained. For each t
Page 118 and 119: All cost estimates involving DAF un
Page 120 and 121: meet toxicity limits. However, biol
Page 122 and 123: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aegis Management Servi
Page 124 and 125: Fukuda H. and H. Nakatani. Treatmen
Page 126 and 127: Johnson R.A. and S.M. Gallanger. Us
Page 128 and 129: NovaTec Consultants Inc.. Village o
Page 130: ( Takei M.. Treatment of Waste Wate
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