9420.pdf

A major step toward water conservation is dry clean-up. It is also an important factor in
achieving a reduction of the contaminant loads (see Sections 5.2.4 and 6.3).
As with water conservation methods, dry clean-up practices should not compromise plant
sanitation, and must be in agreement with regulatory requirements.
5.2.3 Water Recycling
Similar to the water conservation measures recycling
discharge volume, thus requiring smaller treatment
pollutants, facilitating treatment or byproduct recovery.
Research to assure product safety and regulatory
implement water recycling. Possible problems include
can reduce water use, reduce
facilities, and can concentrate
guidelines are
(Gates, 1991):
needed to fully
. bacterial and chemical contamination;
. reclaimed water with a high organic content treated with chlorine producing
possible toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic compounds;
. no available on-line monitoring equipment to determine real-time water quality;
. possible disease pathways.
Khosid et al. (1983) reported that water from mechanical or hand washing of wood and
metal containers for fish canning in Leningrad could be used to transport mechanical
impurities or wastes from fish processing. They also concluded that bacterial counts of
the coolant water from the autoclaves for sterilization of canned products were within
standard limits and that the water can be directly recycled to defrost fish. Water recycling
at the Leningrad fish plant decreased consumption of potable water by 30 % Standard
limits were not identified in the report, and it is not clear, if this kind of water recycling
would meet regulatory requirements in Canada.
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Nielsen et al. (1983) conducted a study of water reuse in processing of Pacific shrimp.
A counter current flow configuration of shrimp peelers achieved water reduction of 41 %
The total annual savings as a result of the recycle modifications was estimated to be
between $3 and $10 per 1000 kg of shrimp.
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