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Table 3.5 Production-based Contaminant Discharge - Literature Data Specie BOD ~ss Oil & Grease Remarks Reference Processed [k@1000kg [k@1000 kg [kg;:llckg of product] of product] P Salmon 1.8-29 1.2-23 0.2-7.4 per raw fish Riddle & Shikaze, 1973 Salmon 20-50 16 3.5-7.4 Tavel Ltd., 1991 Salmon (hand 1.6 0.2 Tilsworth & butchered) Morgan, 1983 Salmon 26 11 Tilsworth & (mech hutch.) Morgan, 1983 Groundfish 1.3-8 1-22.5 per raw fish Riddle & (dry line) Shikaze, 1973 Groundfish 15-20 7-34 per raw fish Riddle & (wet line) Shikaze, 1973 Groundfish 12-18 9-15 2.5 Tavei Ltd., 1991 Halibut (dry 2.6-4 1.6-7 per raw fish Riddle & line) Shikaze, 1973 Rec+h (dry 0.7 1.3 0.2 per raw fish Riddle & line) Shikaze, 1973 Herring 22 21 Tavei Ltd., 1991 Shrimp 8 5 Horn & Pohland, (mechanical) 1973 Shrimp 4 2 Horn & Pohland, (hand) 1973 Shrimp 68 39 Mauldin & Szabo, 1974 Shrimp 84-130 54-210 17-42 Tavel Ltd., 1991 Crab 1.7-14 ,1.39-11 per raw crab Horn & Pohland, 1973 Crab 4-92 13-73 per processed Horn & Pohiand, crab 1973 Crab 40 20 Tavel Ltd., 1991 Clam 19 6 0.5 Tavel Ltd., 1991 Fish meal 3 1 0.6 Tavei Ltd., 1991 Note: Unless specifically stated ‘in the Remarks column, the authors did not clarify whether loading is per live or processed weight. 21
3.2.2 Fish Processing Facilities in British Columbia Wastewater characteristics from fish processing facilities in B. C., with respect to conventional contaminant concentrations and loadings are summarized in Tables 3.6 and 3.7, respectively. The tables are a summary of monitoring data of fish processing plant effluents obtained from MOELP, the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD),, City of Vancouver, and NovaTec and EVS, 1994. BOD, COD, and TSS effluent concentrations from salmon processing at B.C. fish processing facilities are typically in the range reported in the literature for these contaminants (Table 3.3). Oil and grease concentrations are generally lower than’ concentrations reported in the literature. Wastewaters from herring, groundfish, and salmon/groundfish processing plants in B.C. generally have lower BOD, COD, TSS, and oil and grease concentrations than reported in the literature (Table 3.3). However, European experience shows that contaminant loading can be significantly reduced if measures discussed in Sections 5.2.4 and 6.3 are applied. Significantly lower levels of BOD and TSS are recorded at B.C. herring processing facilities in comparison with levels reported in the literature (Table 3.3). Wide range of fecal coliform concentrations in fish processing effluent was reported by NovaTec and EVS (1994) and Environment Canada (1993) (Table 3.6). High fecal coliform counts maybe partly due to bird droppings and/or scavenging animals (NovaTec and EVS, 1994 and Environment Canada, 1993). Limited data is available for effluent toxicity, heavy metals and ammonia concentrations, as these parameters are generally not determined as part of regular effluent monitoring. A detailed study of effluent from fish processing plants discharging into the Fraser River was conducted during the salmon season of 1993 (NovaTec Consultants and EVS Environment Consultants, 1994). For this study the metals and ammonia concentrations in effluents from four plants (see Table 3.8) and the toxicity of the effluent samples of three plants were determined (see Table 3.9). The metals were analyzed by atomic emission spectroscopy using an inductively coupled plasma as excitation source, With the exception of copper and zinc (concentration ranges 0.013-0.159 mg/L and 0.072-0.433 mg/L, respectively) no other heavy metals were detected by this method. These two metals are believed to be present in tap water in the concentration ranges measured in the effluents due to the low pH of drinking water in the Greater Vancouver area which causes copper and zinc to dissolve in copper piping. \ 22
Page 2 and 3: Environment Canada Industrial Progr
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEM’EN
Page 8 and 9: 5.4 5.5 BEST 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.3.4.2 Ot
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Fi
Page 12 and 13: Table 5.8 Table 5.9 Table 5.10 Tabl
Page 14 and 15: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Terms of Referen
Page 16 and 17: 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 Genera
Page 18 and 19: 1992a). In 1990, approximately 70 %
Page 20 and 21: Development of aquiculture (husband
Page 22 and 23: REDUCTION PLANT Q \ \ PRINCE RUPERT
Page 24 and 25: 2.4 Review of Current Regulations 2
Page 26 and 27: 2.4.3 Municipal and Regional Bylaws
Page 28 and 29: Table 3.1 Water Consumption Rates -
Page 30: 3.2 Wastewater Characteristics 3.2.
Page 33: Table 3.4 Contaminant Concentration
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.7 Production-based Contamin
Page 39 and 40: which are permitted to grind and di
Page 41 and 42: 4 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY The five ma
Page 43 and 44: ---- ,,, ,,, > “\ - Y’ I r ----
Page 45 and 46: VESSEL-HOLD WATER PACKERS AND RECIR
Page 47 and 48: && a- * I ---- ————-— --
Page 49 and 50: 4.4 Herring Processing 4.4.1 Genera
Page 51 and 52: Raw shrimp are held on ice for abou
Page 53 and 54: ~ PRODUCT — WASTEWATER ----- WATE
Page 55 and 56: -+ \ /’WATER’l \~uPPLY/ ‘T-
Page 57 and 58: 5 WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.1 Cu
Page 59 and 60: Information Grind and Discha Coarse
Page 61: Table 5.1 Permit Summary ———-
Page 64 and 65: offal with wastewater, which is the
Page 66 and 67: equipment clean and to flush offal
Page 68 and 69: Table 5.4 Solid Waste Generation at
Page 70 and 71: process water. However, different r
Page 72 and 73: 5.2.4 Contaminant Reduction Several
Page 74 and 75: Fine screening is generally used as
Page 76 and 77: to coagulate proteins, cooling and
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.6 Summary of FM Proceeding
Page 80 and 81: 5.3.4.3 Enhanced Gravity Settling T
Page 82 and 83: To the knowledge of the authors, on
Page 84 and 85:
To the knowledge of the authors, no
Page 86 and 87:
5.3.6.2 Hydrocyclones Hydrocyclones
Page 88 and 89:
Solid wastes generated by seafood p
Page 90 and 91:
Table 5.10 Results of Applications
Page 92 and 93:
5.4.9 Bone Meal Experiment conducte
Page 94 and 95:
The comporting operation consists o
Page 96 and 97:
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Page 98 and 99:
● / use of finer mesh screens (do
Page 100 and 101:
7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 7.1 Review of t
Page 102 and 103:
wholesale and landed values as a me
Page 104 and 105:
7.2 Processing Technology Treatment
Page 106 and 107:
(~nuJ!WU Jo %) SONICINVl u) (9 I <
Page 108 and 109:
conservation and the implementation
Page 110 and 111:
In-house modifications can result i
Page 112 and 113:
Table 7.3 Expected Efficiency of Wa
Page 114 and 115:
Table 7.4 Assumptions used for Econ
Page 116 and 117:
quo had been maintained. For each t
Page 118 and 119:
All cost estimates involving DAF un
Page 120 and 121:
meet toxicity limits. However, biol
Page 122 and 123:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Aegis Management Servi
Page 124 and 125:
Fukuda H. and H. Nakatani. Treatmen
Page 126 and 127:
Johnson R.A. and S.M. Gallanger. Us
Page 128 and 129:
NovaTec Consultants Inc.. Village o
Page 130:
( Takei M.. Treatment of Waste Wate
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