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2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 General The fish and shellfish processing industry is faced with increasing problems of waste handling and disposal, plant sanitation, raw material availability and cost, production efficiency, increased competition (from other countries as well as other protein sources), and increasing Iabour and energy costs. At the same time regulations protecting the environment from pollution are becoming more stringent. If waste handling and operating costs significantly increase at fish processing plants, some plants may no longer find it profitable to stay in business. If pollution is viewed as an indication of an inefficient manufacturing process where both product and energy are wasted, then it maybe more cost effective to reduce pollution by improving the process rather than by adding expensive treatment facilities at the end of discharge pipes, which in turn produce sludge for later disposal. The ideal food processing plant takes in raw materials and generates products. Water and energy are efficiently recycled and byproducts are recovered for internal use or for external markets (Gates, 1991). 2.2 Seafood and Marine Products in Canada and the West Coast The Canadian seafood and marine products industry is comprised of firms engaged primarily in the processing and marketing of fish, shellfish and marine plants and animals as well as by-products such as fish meal and fish oil (Ind. Sci. and Tech. Canada, 1991 b). Canadian fish products are harvested from oceans off Canada’s Atlantic and Pacific coasts as well as from inland freshwater lakes. These three fisheries are based chiefly on groundfish, pelagics, salmonides, molluscs, crustaceans and freshwater fish. The Canadian seafood and marine products industry is a major world exporter of such products. It provides hundreds of small communities with an important source of jobs and resources. Statistic Canada estimates that in 1990 there were 460 fish processing establishments in Canada employing 27,617 people, with 57 establishments (not including small enterprises) in B.C. employing 4,366 people (Table 2.1). Other estimates include smaller companies, and put the number of fish processing plants in B.C. in 1990 at 160 3
. (ind.Sci. and Tech. Canada, 1991 b), compared to 173 facilities licensed by the British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in 1993 (see Section 2.3). Table 2.1 Economic Summary of Fisheries Resources Canada Total 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Number of 397 390 404 414 453 472 Facilities Employment ~ 24372 26964 28934 31 171 31086 30498 27617 Shipments ($ millions) (10 1980 2476 2956 3146 3340 3225 3303 3 tonnes) 699 792 804 881 899 957 Landed value 902 1131 1358 1648 1628 1496 1509 ($ millions) Landings 1284 1446 1513 1568 1653 1606 1647 (103 tonnes) West Coast Number of Facilities 49 47 47 48 59 62 57 Employment 2972 3695 3788 4156 4447 3620 4388 Shipments ($ millions) (10 467 728 767 798 956 952 3 tonnes) 126 158 174 219 207 224 244 Landed value 243 378 402 442 534 454 478 ($ millions) Landings 169 214 222 251 266 283 305 (10 3 tonnes) Source: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991 b B.C. fish processing in 1990 accounted for 12 % of the total number of Canadian fish processing plants, 16 % of total industry employment, and 32 % of the landed value, making it the largest fishing province in Canada (Ind. Sci. and Tech. Canada, 1991 b). Commercial fishing is the fourth largest primary industry in British Columbia after forestry, mining and agriculture. The fish processing sector accounts for over 25 % of all food manufacturing activity in the province (B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 4
Page 2 and 3: Environment Canada Industrial Progr
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEM’EN
Page 8 and 9: 5.4 5.5 BEST 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.3.4.2 Ot
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Fi
Page 12 and 13: Table 5.8 Table 5.9 Table 5.10 Tabl
Page 14 and 15: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Terms of Referen
Page 18 and 19: 1992a). In 1990, approximately 70 %
Page 20 and 21: Development of aquiculture (husband
Page 22 and 23: REDUCTION PLANT Q \ \ PRINCE RUPERT
Page 24 and 25: 2.4 Review of Current Regulations 2
Page 26 and 27: 2.4.3 Municipal and Regional Bylaws
Page 28 and 29: Table 3.1 Water Consumption Rates -
Page 30: 3.2 Wastewater Characteristics 3.2.
Page 33 and 34: Table 3.4 Contaminant Concentration
Page 35 and 36: 3.2.2 Fish Processing Facilities in
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.7 Production-based Contamin
Page 39 and 40: which are permitted to grind and di
Page 41 and 42: 4 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY The five ma
Page 43 and 44: ---- ,,, ,,, > “\ - Y’ I r ----
Page 45 and 46: VESSEL-HOLD WATER PACKERS AND RECIR
Page 47 and 48: && a- * I ---- ————-— --
Page 49 and 50: 4.4 Herring Processing 4.4.1 Genera
Page 51 and 52: Raw shrimp are held on ice for abou
Page 53 and 54: ~ PRODUCT — WASTEWATER ----- WATE
Page 55 and 56: -+ \ /’WATER’l \~uPPLY/ ‘T-
Page 57 and 58: 5 WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.1 Cu
Page 59 and 60: Information Grind and Discha Coarse
Page 61: Table 5.1 Permit Summary ———-
Page 64 and 65: offal with wastewater, which is the
Page 66 and 67:
equipment clean and to flush offal
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Table 5.4 Solid Waste Generation at
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process water. However, different r
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5.2.4 Contaminant Reduction Several
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Fine screening is generally used as
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to coagulate proteins, cooling and
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Table 5.6 Summary of FM Proceeding
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5.3.4.3 Enhanced Gravity Settling T
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To the knowledge of the authors, on
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To the knowledge of the authors, no
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5.3.6.2 Hydrocyclones Hydrocyclones
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Solid wastes generated by seafood p
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Table 5.10 Results of Applications
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5.4.9 Bone Meal Experiment conducte
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The comporting operation consists o
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● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
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● / use of finer mesh screens (do
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7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 7.1 Review of t
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wholesale and landed values as a me
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7.2 Processing Technology Treatment
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(~nuJ!WU Jo %) SONICINVl u) (9 I <
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conservation and the implementation
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In-house modifications can result i
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Table 7.3 Expected Efficiency of Wa
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Table 7.4 Assumptions used for Econ
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quo had been maintained. For each t
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All cost estimates involving DAF un
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meet toxicity limits. However, biol
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aegis Management Servi
Page 124 and 125:
Fukuda H. and H. Nakatani. Treatmen
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Johnson R.A. and S.M. Gallanger. Us
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NovaTec Consultants Inc.. Village o
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( Takei M.. Treatment of Waste Wate
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