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All cost estimates involving DAF units do not include costs for sludge dewatering and disposal. Therefore, the total costs for this treatment option would be even higher than shown. Also, rises in water costs, discharge fees and/or permit fees will further increase the gap in favour of the in-house modifications options. . 105
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Fish processing is a major industry in British Columbia, employing more than 4,000 people, with an estimated wholesale value of processed seafood in 1993 of $750)000,000. The environmental performance of the industry as a whole was reviewed and generally found to be equivalent to or better to that reported in the literature with respect to water consumption and amount of contaminants discharged. However, a comparison of the industry with some advanced operations in northern Europe showed that there is still considerable room for improvement in these areas. This is further confirmed by results of audits conducted at selected B.C. plants in the past years. The industry makes good use of the offal generated during processing, with an estimated 80- 85% of all offal being used for value-added products. Three processing plants located in remote areas and discharging into well-flushed environments are permitted to grind and discharge offal. Ocean dumping as a means of disposal of fish offal does not take place in British Columbia. A review of Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks discharge permits revealed that most fish processing facilities licensed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food are connected to regional or municipal sewers (78%. However, some of the largest plants in British Columbia discharge their effluent directly into the environment. These plants also process the majority of all landed fish, accounting for an estimated 68% of the contaminant discharge from all fish processing. The industry’s wastewater treatment standard is screening, typically using 600 ~m screens, with finer screens employed by some large facilities. Coarser screens are used by only a few, small facilities, The contaminant contribution to local sewer systems and receiving waters can be high, particularly during the peak processing months. On an annual basis, the contaminant load discharged from processing plants, estimated to have a population equivalent of 50,000 people, is believed to be minor compared to the discharge of municipal sewage in British Columbia. The limited data available with respect to toxicity of fish processing plant effluent suggest that effluents may fail toxicity tests because of elevated ammonia concentrations and/or BOD. Of the treatment options discussed in this report, only biological treatment can remove ammonia and lower the BOD sufficiently to allow fish processing wastewater to 106
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Environment Canada Industrial Progr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEM’EN
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5.4 5.5 BEST 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.3.4.2 Ot
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Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Fi
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Table 5.8 Table 5.9 Table 5.10 Tabl
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Terms of Referen
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2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 Genera
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1992a). In 1990, approximately 70 %
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Development of aquiculture (husband
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REDUCTION PLANT Q \ \ PRINCE RUPERT
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2.4 Review of Current Regulations 2
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2.4.3 Municipal and Regional Bylaws
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Table 3.1 Water Consumption Rates -
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3.2 Wastewater Characteristics 3.2.
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Table 3.4 Contaminant Concentration
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3.2.2 Fish Processing Facilities in
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Table 3.7 Production-based Contamin
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which are permitted to grind and di
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4 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY The five ma
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---- ,,, ,,, > “\ - Y’ I r ----
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VESSEL-HOLD WATER PACKERS AND RECIR
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&& a- * I ---- ————-— --
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4.4 Herring Processing 4.4.1 Genera
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Raw shrimp are held on ice for abou
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~ PRODUCT — WASTEWATER ----- WATE
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-+ \ /’WATER’l \~uPPLY/ ‘T-
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5 WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.1 Cu
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Information Grind and Discha Coarse
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Table 5.1 Permit Summary ———-
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offal with wastewater, which is the
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equipment clean and to flush offal
Page 68 and 69: Table 5.4 Solid Waste Generation at
Page 70 and 71: process water. However, different r
Page 72 and 73: 5.2.4 Contaminant Reduction Several
Page 74 and 75: Fine screening is generally used as
Page 76 and 77: to coagulate proteins, cooling and
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.6 Summary of FM Proceeding
Page 80 and 81: 5.3.4.3 Enhanced Gravity Settling T
Page 82 and 83: To the knowledge of the authors, on
Page 84 and 85: To the knowledge of the authors, no
Page 86 and 87: 5.3.6.2 Hydrocyclones Hydrocyclones
Page 88 and 89: Solid wastes generated by seafood p
Page 90 and 91: Table 5.10 Results of Applications
Page 92 and 93: 5.4.9 Bone Meal Experiment conducte
Page 94 and 95: The comporting operation consists o
Page 96 and 97: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Page 98 and 99: ● / use of finer mesh screens (do
Page 100 and 101: 7 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 7.1 Review of t
Page 102 and 103: wholesale and landed values as a me
Page 104 and 105: 7.2 Processing Technology Treatment
Page 106 and 107: (~nuJ!WU Jo %) SONICINVl u) (9 I <
Page 108 and 109: conservation and the implementation
Page 110 and 111: In-house modifications can result i
Page 112 and 113: Table 7.3 Expected Efficiency of Wa
Page 114 and 115: Table 7.4 Assumptions used for Econ
Page 116 and 117: quo had been maintained. For each t
Page 120 and 121: meet toxicity limits. However, biol
Page 122 and 123: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aegis Management Servi
Page 124 and 125: Fukuda H. and H. Nakatani. Treatmen
Page 126 and 127: Johnson R.A. and S.M. Gallanger. Us
Page 128 and 129: NovaTec Consultants Inc.. Village o
Page 130: ( Takei M.. Treatment of Waste Wate
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