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TREES & SHRUBS<br />
FOR CLAY SOILS<br />
SUGGESTED FOR FARLEY’S POINT<br />
Union Springs, NY Zone 5A Fall 2013<br />
To maintain the natural beauty of ‘Farley’s’ it has become evident, particularly with the anticipated arrival of<br />
the Emerald Ash Borer, that we be proactive in planting <strong>trees</strong> for the future. We may lose most of our Green<br />
Ash <strong>trees</strong> within the next 5 years unless they are treated *. In addition, over‐mature <strong>trees</strong> of all species need<br />
replacement.<br />
The <strong>trees</strong> on this list were chosen because they are adapted to clayey soils, and climate conditions such as<br />
wind, at Farley’s point. They are proven, desirable <strong>trees</strong> for natural landscape purposes. Most are NY natives.<br />
=Best choices!<br />
LARGE DECIDUOUS OR BROAD-LEAVED TREES (<strong>trees</strong> that lose their leaves)<br />
Tree<br />
Comments<br />
Sugar maple<br />
Acer saccharum<br />
Red Maple<br />
Acer rubrum<br />
River Birch<br />
Betula nigra<br />
Shagbark Hickory<br />
Carya ovata<br />
American beech<br />
Fagus grandiflora<br />
Swamp White Oak<br />
& White oak<br />
Quercus bicolor & Q. alba<br />
Red oak<br />
Quercus rubra<br />
Pin oak<br />
Quercus palustris<br />
Linden / Basswood<br />
Tilia species, T. cordata<br />
Elm<br />
Ulmus species<br />
A more New York friendly choice than Norway maple. There is a young one<br />
planted at the Shirley Denton cottage. The less common black maple (found in<br />
the Great Gully) is also a good shade tree.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_saccharum<br />
Native wet site species, but adapts well to uplands. Can be planted next to the<br />
lake.<br />
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ACRU<br />
Attractive tree with peeling salmon‐colored bark. There is one at the Fox‐<br />
Beresford cottage. It gets larger than clump white birch and is more pest<br />
resistant. http://fnps.org/plants/plant/betula‐nigra<br />
Interesting bark. Edible fruits. Some along road at boat/RV storage. Plant where<br />
roots will not be run over by cars.<br />
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=20<br />
Smooth pale gray bark. Large spreading shade tree. Fruits eaten by wildlife.<br />
Slow growing. The European beech is easier to find at nurseries but is less<br />
majestic.<br />
Huge, very old white oak between the Denton and Pine cottages. Swamp white<br />
oak (most leaves are white beneath) are also good<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_alba<br />
There are quite a few mature ones on the Point, some need replacing due to age.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_rubra<br />
Slow growing, strong, pyramidal when young. NIce pair at the Pine Cottage.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_palustris<br />
American basswood is native but the European linden has better form.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_americana<br />
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=89<br />
Dutch Elm Disease Resistant species / hybrids.<br />
There is a new variety planted at the road corner of the playground.<br />
http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p425dutchelmresistant.html
Hop Hornbeam<br />
Ostrya virginiana<br />
Tulip tree, tulippoplar,<br />
yellowpoplar<br />
Liriodendron tulipifera<br />
Relatively small tree. For an example of a large one, see the Mike/Jim Denton cottage,<br />
lake side. There are also several near the castle.<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens‐gardening/your‐garden/plantfinder/plant‐details/kc/l330/ostrya‐virginiana.aspx<br />
Interesting leaves. Fast growing. Plant where there is plenty of room as it gets very big.<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens‐gardening/your‐garden/plantfinder/plant‐details/kc/a878/liriodendron‐tulipifera.aspx<br />
CONIFERS<br />
“EVERGREENS”<br />
American<br />
hemlock<br />
Tsuga canadensis<br />
Eastern red<br />
cedar<br />
Juniperus virginiana<br />
Tamarack,<br />
American larch<br />
Larix laricina<br />
Spruce<br />
Picea species<br />
White pine<br />
Pinus strobus<br />
Dark green, fine foliage. Found in the Great Gully. Subject to a lethal disease<br />
from Asia which is spreading (hemlock wooly adelgid). Plant only if you are<br />
willing to inspect and treat with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap<br />
Columnar. Cones look like berries and are eaten by wildlife. Good wildlife (bird)<br />
shelter. Slow growing.<br />
Deciduous Conifer. Could be planted in uplands or near the lake.<br />
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LALA<br />
Evergreen. White spruce is good and native. Norway spruce requires wide<br />
space and is likely to become overly large unless the yard is large. Not native.<br />
http://ohiodnr.com/forestry/<strong>trees</strong>/spruce_norway/tabid/5421/Default.aspx<br />
None of the pines really prefer clay‐loam soils, this one does fairly well. Two by<br />
road ‐ Richardson /Haydon cottage.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_strobus<br />
TREES NOT RECOMMENDED<br />
Box Elder Acer negundo Weak, messy.<br />
Silver Maple Acer saccharinum Weak.<br />
Norway Maple Acer platanoides Invasive! Seedling <strong>trees</strong> appear everywhere!
=Best choices!<br />
SMALL TREES (many with spring flowers or interesting foliage)<br />
Tree<br />
Comments<br />
Striped maple,<br />
moosewood<br />
Acer pensylvanicum<br />
Flowering<br />
dogwood<br />
Cornus florida<br />
Small tree with green striped bark. Plant from seed or seedling. Provides<br />
foods for small mammals, may be browed by deer. Yellow fall foliage, bark<br />
green all year.<br />
Small tree with white flowers (pink cultivars available). Flowers in spring.<br />
Bright red fruits in fall. Eaten by birds. Deep red fall foliage. Subject to<br />
anthracnose fungus.<br />
Alternateleaved<br />
dogwood<br />
Cornus alternifolia<br />
Hawthorn<br />
Crategus ‘Winter<br />
King’<br />
Japanese<br />
cutleaf maple<br />
Acer palmatum & A.<br />
japonicum<br />
American<br />
Hornbeam<br />
Carpinus caroliniana<br />
Hoptree<br />
Ptelia trifolia<br />
Small tree with white flowers. Flowers in spring. Blue fruits in fall are<br />
eaten by birds. Can be grown as a shrub.<br />
Choose cultivars intended for well drained soils. Birds enjoy.<br />
Suggested cultivar has a nice ‘vase’ shape. Red fall foliage.<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens‐gardening/yourgarden/plant‐finder/plant‐details/kc/c410/crataegus‐viridis‐winterking.aspx<br />
Lacey foliage, usually deep red color. Red fall color.<br />
Prefers wet, plant near the lake Yellow fall color.<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens‐gardening/yourgarden/plant‐finder/plant‐details/kc/h540/carpinus‐caroliniana.aspx<br />
Twisty form. Aromatic leaves. Interesting wafer‐like fruits. Wildlife food<br />
and shelter.<br />
Redbud<br />
Cercis canadensis<br />
Small tree, interesting leaves, beautiful pink flowers in early May. Several cottages<br />
have these.<br />
http://fnps.org/plants/plant/cercis‐canadensis<br />
Serviceberry<br />
/Shadbush<br />
Amelanchier arborea<br />
Small tree. Delicate white early spring flowers. Fruits appreciated by birds. Good<br />
fall color!<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens‐gardening/yourgarden/plant‐finder/plant‐details/kc/h290/amelanchier‐arborea.aspx
RECOMMENDED SHRUBS AND VINES<br />
=Best choices!<br />
Coral<br />
honeysuckle<br />
Lonicera sempervirens<br />
Vine but not one that will get out of control. Can be grown as<br />
a groundcover, but will be better on a small trellis. Loved by<br />
hummingbirds.<br />
Buttonbush<br />
Cepalanthus<br />
occidentalis<br />
This is a swamp species that would only be appropriate by the<br />
lake where it stays moist. Very good for insects, especially<br />
butterflies. Crazy flowers that look like satellites.<br />
Sweet<br />
Pepperbush<br />
Clethra alnifolia<br />
Nice fragrance. Med. Size<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardensgardening/your‐garden/plant‐finder/plantdetails/kc/c230/clethra‐alnifolia.aspx<br />
Sweetspire<br />
Itea virginica<br />
Sprays of white flowers. This is a swamp species but will grow<br />
in moist uplands. Best use here would be near the lake where<br />
it says relatively moist. It won’t appreciate “brick” soils.<br />
Winterberry<br />
Ilex verticilla<br />
Ninebark<br />
Physocarpus<br />
opulifolius<br />
Deciduous holly. Flowers are small and white. Known for red<br />
berries in fall. Eaten by birds. Can be grown by the lake.<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardensgardening/your‐garden/plant‐finder/plantdetails/kc/d440/ilex‐verticillata.aspx<br />
Lovely white flowers in late spring. Several growing well by<br />
Shirley Denton cottage, grows naturally along the shore near<br />
the Gully. There is a cultivar with deep red foliage (sold at<br />
Lowes).<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardensgardening/your‐garden/plant‐finder/plantdetails/kc/g840/physocarpus‐opulifolius.aspx
Arrowwood<br />
viburnum<br />
Viburnum dentatum<br />
White flowers, spring<br />
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardensgardening/your‐garden/plant‐finder/plantdetails/kc/m720/viburnum‐dentatum.aspx<br />
Highbush<br />
cranberry<br />
Viburnum trilobum<br />
(renamed to V. opulus<br />
var. americanum)<br />
Nannyberry<br />
Vibernum lentago<br />
White flowers, red fruits. The European high bush cranberry is<br />
more readily available but may interbreed with the American<br />
high bush cranberry causing genetic damage to the native<br />
species.<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viburnum_trilobum<br />
White flowers.<br />
SHRUBS NOT RECOMMENDED<br />
Honeysuckle shrub<br />
species<br />
Lonicera maackii,<br />
L. tartarica,<br />
L. morrowi<br />
Buckthorn<br />
Rhamnus cathartica and R.<br />
frangula<br />
Invasive! Several huge ones need to be<br />
removed between the Denton and Pine<br />
cottages. Birds spread them.<br />
Invasive! Seeds freely on the point.<br />
Many of us fight R. cathartica.<br />
Multiflora rose<br />
Rosa multiflora<br />
Invasive!<br />
MORE PHOTOGRAPHS ARE AVAILABLE ON LINE‐SEARCH BY PLANT NAME.
‐ PROPER PLANTING DEPTH IS ESSENTIAL.<br />
USEFUL WEBSITE: http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/h408claysoil.html<br />
‐ SEASON IS IMPORTANT<br />
Most <strong>trees</strong> and shrubs do best when planted as they are becoming dormant in the fall or in early spring before<br />
they start leafing out. Planting late or early gives the roots a chance to get established before the tree has to<br />
support lots of leaves. Expect to water during the first year. Unless otherwise stated, the species in this list<br />
should not need supplemental water once they have become established.<br />
‐ VARIETY IS OUR FRIEND!<br />
When the elm <strong>trees</strong> died, they all died. Replanting and volunteer recruitment were dominated by just a few<br />
species, especially silver maple and green ash. Both are short‐lived species that grow fast but are not noted<br />
for strength. The silver maples are again and having to be cut down before they land on rooftops. The ash<br />
<strong>trees</strong> are now threatened by the emerald ash borer. By planting lots of different species that are appropriate<br />
to the climate and soil, we protect ourselves and the next generation. If we plant variety, we are unlikely to<br />
lose a large number of <strong>trees</strong> when the next pest arrives. We will also support a greater variety of birds and<br />
beneficial insects (think butterflies and the insects that birds use as food).<br />
‐To learn about the Emerald Ash Borer –go to:<br />
NY Invasive Species Clearinghouse ( http:// YIS.INFO )<br />
*Valuable Ash <strong>trees</strong> can be injected and saved. Contact:<br />
Ron Rogers (Michael Grimm Tree.) He has already treated a few <strong>trees</strong> on the point. Injections<br />
last 2 years. Cost is approx. $175. Office # 315‐469‐1069 x11<br />
‐PLANT SOURCES:<br />
For bare root plants (very young <strong>trees</strong>) there are a number of sources Carino Nurseries in<br />
Indiana PA, & Meadowview Nursery in Naples, NY www.<strong>trees</strong>andseeds.com If selecting bare<br />
root plants we might want to set aside a ‘holding area’ to allow the <strong>trees</strong> to grow for a couple<br />
of years and then transplant them where they are needed.<br />
A large variety of smaller <strong>trees</strong> (3‐7 gallon sizes) native to the New England area can be found<br />
at the Plantsmen Nursery near Ithaca. Best quality can be had during the spring months.<br />
With balled & burlap or container plants individual cottage owners might want to contact a<br />
local supplier in Auburn or Syracuse. Dickman’s Garden Center in Auburn usually has a good<br />
selection of native <strong>trees</strong>, The balled and burlap or container plants will be much larger, more<br />
expensive and will require delivery or pickup with a van or truck. Their larger size will give<br />
more impact right away. Dickmans sells very few native shrubs, but they do a good job of<br />
avoiding invasive species and they sell high quality plants.<br />
NOTE: This sheet was compiled by Judy Ireland, Shirley Denton and Chip McElwee. They will be glad to offer<br />
any assistance you might need.
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