Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018

390
INDEX
Tibial fractures, 163
Tourniquet, 151, 151f
Toxidromes, 297b
Tracheobronchial tree injury, 64–65
Tranexamic acid, 9
Transesophageal echocardiography
(TEE), 76
Transfer agreements, 6, 247
Transfers. See Patient transfers to
definitive care
Transient response, to fluid therapy,
54
Transportation, in mass-casualty
care, 277
Trauma centers, 6
Trauma Quality Improvement
Program (TQIP), 111
Trauma teams, 19–20, 20f
briefing of, 303t
characteristics of successful
ATLS, 302
configuration of, 301–302
conflict management in, 310–311
criteria for activation of, 308t
culture and climate of, 306
debriefing of, 304
delivering ATLS within,
308–309
effective communication by,
309–310
effective leadership of, 305–306,
306b
hand-over processes, 302–304
leaders of, 302–305
record keeping by, 309
Traumatic amputation, 150–151
Traumatic aortic disruption, 75–76
Traumatic asphyxia, 77
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI)
anesthetics, analgesics, and
sedatives and, 120
circulation and, 118–119
diagnostic procedures, 120
evidence-based treatment
guidelines, 111–112
in geriatric patients, 220, 221
hand-over processes, 304b
management of, 112t–113t
moderate injuries, 116–117,
117f
severe injuries, 117, 118b, 118f
medical therapies for
anticonvulsants, 122
barbiturates, 122
correction of anticoagulation,
120–121
hypertonic saline, 122
hyperventilation, 121
intravenous fluids, 120
mannitol, 121–122
mild, 112, 112t–113t, 114f, 115
moderate, 112t–113t, 120
neurological examination for,
119–120
neurosurgical consultation for,
104t, 106
in pediatric patients, 202–205
pitfalls of, 115, 117, 119
prognosis for, 124
secondary survey for, 120
severe, 112t–113t
surgical management
depressed skull fractures,
123
intracranial mass lesions,
123
penetrating brain injuries,
123–124
scalp wounds, 122, 123f
survivor impairments from, 104
team member roles and responsibilities,
306–308
Traumatic circulatory arrest
diagnosis of, 70
management of, 70, 71f
Traumatic diaphragmatic injury,
76–77, 77f
Treatment, consent for, 19
Triage, 6
for brain injury, 104
definition of, 317
of disaster victims, 294–295
errors in, 294–295
evacuation, 294
field medical, 294
medical, 294
pitfalls of, 295
Field Triage Decision Scheme,
4, 5f
in mass-casualty care, 6–7, 276–
277, 276b
for multiple casualties, 6
prehospital, 6
principles of, 317–319
rapid, and transport guidelines,
243t–244t
scenarios
bus crash, 327–328
cold injury, 325–326
earthquake and tsunami,
329–330
mass shooting at shopping
mall, 319–322
suicide bomber blast at
political rally, 331–333
trailer home explosion and
fire, 323–324
Tube thoracostomy, 195
Type O blood, 55
UC. See Unified Command
Ulnar nerve, 161t
Uncal herniation, 106–107, 107f
Uncus, 106
Unified Command (UC), 290b
Upper extremities
immobilization of injuries to,
163
peripheral nerve assessment of,
161t
Urethrography, for abdominal and
pelvic trauma, 92
Urinary catheters, 11
in abdominal and pelvic trauma,
88–89
in hemorrhagic shock, 52
Urinary system, in pregnancy, 231
Uterine rupture, 233
Uterus, in pregnancy, 228–229, 228f
Vagina, physical examination of, 17
Vaginal bleeding, 233, 235
Vascular access
establishment of, 9
in hemorrhagic shock, 52
Vascular clamps, 151
Vasopressors, 45
Venous access, in pediatric patients,
197–198, 197f
Venous pressure, in pregnancy, 230
Ventilation
bag-mask, 38
for burn injuries, 171–172
for geriatric patients, 219
in head trauma, 117–118
management of, 38
objective signs of inadequate,
26–27
for pediatric patients, 195
for primary survey, 8
problem recognition, 26
trauma teams and, 308–309
Ventilatory rate, 11
Ventricular system, 106
Verbal responses, 24
Vertebral artery injury, 139
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