Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018

387
INDEX
immobilization for, 233f
initial assessment of, 13
intimate partner violence and,
235
mechanisms of injury in, 231–
232, 231t
musculoskeletal system changes
in, 231
neurological system changes in,
231
penetrating injury in, 232
perimortem cesarean section in,
235
primary survey and resuscitation
for, 233–234
respiratory system changes in,
230–231
Rh-negative, 235
secondary survey for, 234–235
severity of injury in, 232
shock and, 57
teamwork with, 237–238
trauma in, 236t–237t
urinary system changes in, 231
venous pressure in, 230
Prehospital phase, 4, 4f
Prehospital Trauma Life Support
(PHTLS), 4, 279–280
Prehospital trauma scoring, 6
Preload, 44f, 45
Preparedness, 290b
Pressure dressing, 151
Primary brain injury, 10
Primary survey (ABCDEs), 4
adjuncts to, 10–12
arterial blood gases, 11
capnography, 11
diagnostic studies, 12
ECG monitoring, 10–11
gastric catheters, 11, 12f
pulse oximetry, 11
urinary catheters, 11
ventilatory rate, 11
x-ray examination, 12, 12f
airway maintenance with
restriction of cervical spine
motion, 7–8, 8f
breathing and ventilation, 8
for burn injuries, 170–174
circulation with hemorrhage
control, 8–9
disability (neurological evaluation),
10
exposure and environmental
control, 10
for fetus, 233–234
in geriatric patients, 217–220
for head trauma, 117–120
for musculoskeletal trauma,
150–152
in pregnant patients, 233–234
rapid triage and transport
guidelines, 243t
with simultaneous resuscitation,
7–12
for thoracic trauma, 64–71
Pseudosubluxation, 205
Psychological status, of pediatric
patients, 189–190
Psychosocial issues, in masscasualty
care, 278
Pulmonary agents, 297
Pulmonary contusion, 73–75
Pulmonary system, effects of aging
on, 218t
Pulse, 9
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA),
11, 68
Pulse oximetry, 11, 27, 38
carbon monoxide poisoning
and, 172
in head trauma, 117–118
pitfalls of, 12f
Pupils, 258–259
Quadriplegia, 135
Quaternary survey, 281, 281f,
282–283
Radial nerve, 161t
Radiation threat scenarios, 298b
Radioactive injuries and illnesses,
297–298, 298b
Radiographic evaluation
of cervical spine, 139–141
of thoracic and lumbar spine,
141
Rapid response, to fluid therapy, 54
Record keeping. See Documentation
Recovery, 290b
Rectum, physical examination of, 17
Red blood cells (RBCs), in pregnancy,
229
Reevaluation, in initial assessment,
19
Regional nerve blocks, for pain
control, 164
Renal system, effects of aging on,
218t
Resource-constrained environments,
275
challenges of, 278–279
security and communication,
278–279
war wounds, 279
Respiratory rate, of children, 195
Respiratory system, in pregnancy,
230–231
Response, 290b
Restraint devices, injuries from, 85f,
86t
Resuscitation. See also Primary survey
area, 6
cardiopulmonary, in pediatric
patients, 199
in head trauma, 117–120
in musculoskeletal trauma,
150–152
tape, for pediatric patients, 190,
192f
Retina, 257
Retrobulbar hemorrhages, 260–261
Retroperitoneal space, 84
Rhabdomyolysis, 170
Rh immunoglobulin therapy, 235
Rib fractures, 78, 221
Riot control agents, 297
Rivaroxaban, 121t
Rotational thromboelastometry
(ROTEM), 56
Rule of nines, 175–176, 175f
SAR. See Search and rescue
Scalp
anatomy of, 104
wounds, 122, 123f
Scapular fractures, 78
Sciatic nerve, 161t
SCIWORA. See Spinal cord injury
without radiographic abnormalities
Sclera, 257
Screening IVP, 92
Search and rescue (SAR), 290b,
293–294
Secondary brain injury, 104
Secondary survey, 4
adjuncts to, 18, 18f
definition and process of, 13, 15
for head trauma, 120
history in, 13, 15
mechanisms of injury
blunt injury, 14t, 15
hazardous environment, 15
penetrating injury, 14t, 15
thermal injury, 14f, 15
for mild brain injury, 115
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