Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018
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385<br />
INDEX<br />
mechanism of injury in,<br />
153–154<br />
mechanisms of injury, 154f<br />
prehospital observations<br />
and care in, 154<br />
preinjury status and predisposing<br />
factors in, 154<br />
in pediatric patients<br />
blood loss in, 206<br />
fracture splinting, 206<br />
patient history for, 206<br />
special considerations for<br />
immature skeleton, 206<br />
peripheral nerve assessment,<br />
161t<br />
physical examination for<br />
circulatory evaluation, 156<br />
feel, 155–156<br />
goals of, 155<br />
look and ask, 155<br />
pitfalls of, 150, 152, 157, 161, 165<br />
primary survey and resuscitation<br />
for, 150–152<br />
adjuncts to, 152–153<br />
secondary survey for, 153–156<br />
teamwork in, 165<br />
x-ray examination, 153, 156, 162f<br />
MVCs. See Motor vehicle crashes<br />
Myocardial contractility, 44f, 45<br />
Myotomes, 132, 134, 134f<br />
Narcotics<br />
for burn injuries, 178<br />
for pain control, 164<br />
Nasopharyngeal airway, 30<br />
National Association of Emergency<br />
Medical Technicians’ Prehospital<br />
<strong>Trauma</strong> <strong>Life</strong> <strong>Support</strong><br />
Committee, 4<br />
National Emergency X-Radiography<br />
Utilization Study (NEXUS), 139,<br />
140f<br />
Neck, physical examination of, 16<br />
Neck trauma, 25<br />
Needle cricothyroidotomy, 36, 36f<br />
Needle decompression, for tension<br />
pneumothorax, 66<br />
Needle thoracostomy, 195<br />
Nerve agents, 296–297, 297b<br />
Nerve blocks, for pain control, 164<br />
Neurogenic shock, 44, 48, 134–135<br />
Neurological examination<br />
in hemorrhagic shock, 51<br />
for primary survey, 10<br />
in severe head trauma, 119–120<br />
Neurological injury, secondary to<br />
fractures or dislocations, 161<br />
Neurological level of injury, 135<br />
Neurological system<br />
physical examination of, 18<br />
in pregnancy, 231<br />
Neurosurgical consultation, for<br />
patients with TBI, 104t, 106<br />
NEXUS. See National Emergency<br />
X-Radiography Utilization Study<br />
Nonfreezing injury, 182<br />
Nonhemorrhagic shock, 47, 54<br />
Obese patients<br />
initial assessment of, 13<br />
transfer of, 244<br />
Obturator nerve, 161t<br />
Occult skeletal injuries, 165<br />
Occupational Safety and Health<br />
Administration (OSHA), 6<br />
Ocular trauma<br />
anatomy of, 257–258, 258f<br />
assessment of<br />
patient history for, 258<br />
physical examination of,<br />
258–260<br />
chemical burns, 261<br />
open globes, 261–262<br />
orbit fractures, 260–261<br />
retrobulbar hemorrhages,<br />
260–261<br />
Oculomotor nerve, 106<br />
Odontoid fractures, 137, 137f<br />
Ohm’s law, 56<br />
Older adults. See also Geriatric patients<br />
hypothermia in, 265–266<br />
initial assessment of, 13<br />
osteopenia in, 78<br />
population growth of, 216<br />
shock and, 56–57<br />
ventilatory failure in, 26<br />
Online medical direction, 4<br />
Open fractures, 156–157, 157f, 158t<br />
Open globes, 261–262<br />
Open pneumothorax, 66–67, 67f<br />
Operational environments<br />
<strong>ATLS</strong> in, 280–283<br />
challenges of, 278–279<br />
Oral airway, in pediatric patients,<br />
193<br />
Orbit fractures, 260–261<br />
Oropharyngeal airway, 31, 31f<br />
Orotracheal intubation, 33, 193–194,<br />
193f<br />
OSHA. See Occupational Safety and<br />
Health Administration<br />
Osteopenia, 78<br />
Osteoporosis, 222<br />
Oxygen<br />
high-flow, 27<br />
supplemental, 8<br />
Oxygenation, management of, 36, 38<br />
Oxygen saturation, 38, 38t<br />
Oxyhemoglobin (HbO), 11<br />
Pacemaker, shock and, 58<br />
PaCO 2<br />
, 230t<br />
Pain control, 19<br />
for burn injuries, 178<br />
for musculoskeletal trauma,<br />
163–164<br />
Pancreatic injuries, 95, 202<br />
Paraplegia, 135<br />
Parietal lobe, 106<br />
Parkland formula, 173<br />
Partial airway obstruction, 26<br />
Partial pressure of oxygen, 38, 38t,<br />
121, 230t<br />
Partial-thickness burns, 176, 177f,<br />
178<br />
Particle radiation, 298<br />
Patient arrival, 308<br />
Patient reevaluation, 19<br />
Patient transfers to definitive care,<br />
242<br />
ABC-SBAR template for, 247,<br />
247t<br />
burn injuries and, 180–181<br />
data for, 251<br />
determining need for, 12, 19<br />
documentation in, 249, 250f<br />
factors in, 242, 242f, 244<br />
information to transferring<br />
personnel for, 249<br />
modes of transportation, 248–<br />
249, 248b<br />
of pediatric patients, 247–248<br />
pitfalls of, 245, 246, 248, 249<br />
rapid triage and transport<br />
guidelines, 243t–244t<br />
receiving doctor in, 248<br />
referring doctor in, 246–248<br />
information from, 249<br />
spine injuries and, 144<br />
teamwork in, 251<br />
timeliness of, 244–245<br />
transfer protocols, 249–251<br />
transfer responsibilities, 246–248<br />
treatment before transfer,<br />
245–246<br />
treatment during transport, 249,<br />
251<br />
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