Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018

383
INDEX
Hemorrhagic shock, 45
blood replacement for, 54–56,
55f
confounding factors, 50–51
definition of, 48–49
fluid changes secondary to softtissue
injury, 51
hypothermia and, 57
initial management of, 51–54
initial fluid therapy for,
52–54, 53t
patient response to, 53–54
physical examination for,
51–52
vascular access, 52
overview of, 46–47
pelvic fractures and, 98, 98f
physiological classification of,
49–50, 49t
Hemothorax, 73
Heparin, 121t
Hepatitis, 6
HICS. See Hospital Incident Command
System
Hip, joint dislocation deformities,
155t
History, of mechanism of injury,
13, 15
Hollow viscus injuries, 95
Homicide, of child, 207
Hospital Incident Command System
(HICS), 290b, 291–292
Hospital phase, 6
Hospital preparedness, 292–293
Hot zone, 295
HVA. See Hazard vulnerability analysis
Hypertonic saline, brain injury
and, 122
Hyperventilation, brain injury
and, 121
Hypocapnia, 230
Hypotensive resuscitation, 53
Hypothermia, 10f, 265–269
in children, 266
defined, 265
management of, 267–269
in older patients, 265–266
in pediatric patients, 199
physiological effects of, 266–267
prevalence of, 265, 266
prevention of, 10, 51–52, 55
rewarming techniques, 267t,
268f
shock and, 57
signs of, 266
staging and management of,
265, 266t
systemic, 183
Hypovolemia
in burn patients, 178
in pediatric patients, 196
Hypovolemic shock, 9, 44, 196
Hypoxemia, 178
Hypoxia, 195
IC. See Incident command/commander
ICS. See Incident Command System
IED. See Improvised explosive devices
I-gel supraglottic airway, 32f
ILMA. See Intubating laryngeal
mask airway
ILTA. See Intubating laryngeal tube
airway
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator,
shock and, 58
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs),
278
Incident command/commander
(IC), 290b
Incident command post, 290b
Incident Command System (ICS),
276, 290b, 291–292, 292b
Incomplete spinal cord injury, 131
Inferior gluteal nerve, 161t
Inhalational burns, 14t
Initial assessment
of airway, 24–26
consent for treatment in, 19
definitive care and, 19
determining need for patient
transfer during, 12, 19
elements of, 4
forensic evidence in, 19
preparation for, 4, 4f
hospital phase, 6
prehospital phase, 4
primary survey for, 7–12
records during, 19
reevaluation in, 19
secondary survey for, 13–18
of special populations, 13
teamwork in, 19–20, 20f
triage, 5f, 6–7
Insidious respiratory compromise,
24, 24f
Interhospital transfer guidelines,
19. See also Patient transfers to
definitive care
International Standards for Neurological
Classification of Spinal
Cord Injury, 132, 133f
Intimate partner violence, 235, 237,
237b
Intracerebral hematomas, 111, 111f
Intracranial compartments, 106–107
Intracranial hematomas, 111, 111f
Intracranial lesions, 110–111
Intracranial mass lesions, 123
Intracranial pressure (ICP), 107
Intraocular pressure, 259
Intraosseous puncture, 52
Intravenous access, in pediatric
patients, 197–198, 197f
Intravenous antibiotics, weightbased
dosing guidelines, 158t
Intravenous fluids
for brain injury, 120
for spine injury, 144
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP), for
abdominal and pelvic trauma, 92
Intubating laryngeal mask airway
(ILMA), 31
Intubating laryngeal tube airway
(ILTA), 31–32
Intubation
drug-assisted, 35–36
endotracheal, 33–35, 34f
LEMON assessment for difficult,
28, 28b–29b
orotracheal, 33, 193–194, 193f
pitfalls of, 35
unsuccessful, 8f
Ionizing radiation, pediatric patients
and, 190
Iris, 257, 260
IV fluid therapy, for hypovolemic
shock, 9
IVP. See Intravenous pyelogram
Jaw-thrust maneuver, 30, 30f
Jefferson fracture, 136, 137f
Joint dislocation deformities, 155t,
156f
Joints
dislocations, neurological injury
secondary to, 161
injuries to, 162
open injuries, 156–157
Joint stability, 156
Jugular venous distention, 8
Kleihauer-Betke test, 235
Knee, joint dislocation deformities,
155t
Knee injuries, 163
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