Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018
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381<br />
INDEX<br />
for abdominal and pelvic<br />
trauma, 84, 90–91, 90t, 91f<br />
for pediatric abdominal trauma,<br />
201<br />
for pregnant patients, 234<br />
Diagnostic studies<br />
in primary survey, 12<br />
in secondary survey, 18, 18f<br />
Diaphragmatic breathing, 26<br />
Diaphragmatic ruptures, traumatic,<br />
76–77, 77f<br />
Diaphragm injuries, 95<br />
Diffuse brain injuries, 110<br />
Direct blow, 85<br />
Direct thrombin inhibitors, 121t, 222<br />
Disability, from brain injury, 104<br />
Disaster, defined, 290b<br />
Disaster preparedness and response.<br />
See also Mass-casualty care<br />
approach to, 291<br />
blast injuries, 296<br />
chemical injuries and illnesses,<br />
296–297, 297b<br />
communication challenges in,<br />
277<br />
decontamination, 295–296<br />
definitive medical care, 295<br />
evacuation, 295<br />
factors affecting trauma care in,<br />
279t<br />
mindset for, 275<br />
need for, 289, 291<br />
phases of, 291<br />
mitigation, 291<br />
preparedness, 292–293<br />
recovery-restoration, 291<br />
response, 291<br />
pitfalls of, 298–299<br />
radioactive injuries and illnesses,<br />
297–298, 298b<br />
search and rescue, 293–294<br />
terminology for, 289, 290b<br />
triage, 294–295<br />
Documentation<br />
of burn injuries, 176<br />
during initial assessment, 19<br />
in patient transfers, 249, 250f<br />
Dorsal columns, 132t<br />
DPL. See Diagnostic peritoneal<br />
lavage<br />
Drug abuse, 244<br />
Drug-assisted intubation, 35–36<br />
Duodenal injuries, 95<br />
Dura mater, 105, 106f, 107<br />
Dysrhythmias, 10–11<br />
ECG. See Electrocardiographic (ECG)<br />
monitoring<br />
Eclampsia, 231<br />
eFAST. See Extended FAST (eFAST)<br />
examination<br />
Elbow, joint dislocation deformities,<br />
290b<br />
Elderly patients. See Geriatric patients<br />
Elder maltreatment, 222, 222b<br />
Electrical burns, 14t, 179–180, 179f<br />
Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring,<br />
10–11, 230<br />
Electromagnetic radiation, 297–298<br />
Emergency medical services (EMS),<br />
290b<br />
Emergency operations center (EOC),<br />
290b<br />
Emphysema, subcutaneous, 77<br />
EMS. See Emergency medical services<br />
Endocrine system, effects of aging<br />
on, 218t<br />
Endotracheal intubation, 33–35, 34f.<br />
See also Orotracheal intubation<br />
End-tidal carbon dioxide levels, 11<br />
Environmental control, 10, 309<br />
EOC. See Emergency operations center<br />
Epidural hematomas, 111, 111f<br />
Epilepsy, posttraumatic, 122<br />
Equipment failure, 8f<br />
Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer<br />
(ETTI), 33, 34f<br />
Esophageal rupture, 77<br />
Ethical dilemmas, 310<br />
Etomidate (Amidate), 35<br />
ETTI. See Eschmann Tracheal Tube<br />
Introducer<br />
Evacuation, 295<br />
Evacuation triage, 294<br />
Evidence-based treatment guidelines,<br />
for head trauma, 111–117<br />
Explosive injuries, 278, 291<br />
Exposure, 10, 51–52, 220, 221t, 309<br />
Extended FAST (eFAST) examination,<br />
12, 66<br />
Extraglottic devices, 31<br />
Extremity fractures, 17f, 18<br />
Eyes. See also Ocular trauma<br />
anatomy of, 257–258, 258f<br />
physical examination of, 15–16,<br />
258–260<br />
Facial injuries, 16, 16f<br />
Falls<br />
in geriatric patients, 217, 221–222<br />
as mechanism of injury, 14t<br />
in pediatric patients, 188t<br />
in pregnant patients, 231t<br />
Family disaster planning, 293<br />
FAST. See Focused assessment with<br />
sonography for trauma<br />
Femoral fractures, 163<br />
Femoral nerve, 161t<br />
Fetal heart tones, 234<br />
Fetal monitoring, 234<br />
Fetus, 231f<br />
full-term, 229f<br />
primary survey and resuscitation<br />
for, 233–234<br />
Fibrinogen, 230t<br />
Field medical triage, 294<br />
Field Triage Decision Scheme, 4, 5f,<br />
188<br />
Finger decompression, 66f<br />
First-degree burns, 176<br />
Flail chest, 73–75, 74f<br />
Flank, 84<br />
Flank injuries, 93–94<br />
Fluid resuscitation, in pediatric<br />
patients, 198–199, 199f<br />
Fluid therapy<br />
for hemorrhagic shock, 52–54, 53t<br />
measuring patient response to,<br />
53–54<br />
Focal brain injuries, 110–111<br />
Focused assessment with sonography<br />
for trauma (FAST), 12<br />
for abdominal and pelvic<br />
trauma, 84, 89, 90, 90t, 91f<br />
for cardiac tamponade, 69–70<br />
for pediatric patients, 201<br />
for shock, 46, 46f<br />
Forensic evidence, 19<br />
Fracture-dislocations, of spine, 138<br />
Fractures<br />
assessment of, 162<br />
bilateral femur, 152<br />
cervical spine, 136–137<br />
femoral, 163<br />
immobilization of, 152–153, 152f,<br />
163<br />
lumbar, 138<br />
management of, 163<br />
neurological injury secondary<br />
to, 161<br />
open, 156–157, 157f, 158t<br />
orbit, 260–261<br />
pelvic, 221–222<br />
ribs, sternum, and scapular, 78, 221<br />
splinting, in pediatric patients, 206<br />
thoracic spine, 137–138<br />
thoracolumbar junction, 138<br />
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