Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018

380
INDEX
atlanto-occipital dislocation,
136
atlas (C1), 136, 137f
axis (C2), 137
C1 rotary subluxation,
136–137
C3–C7 fractures and
dislocations, 137
odontoid, 137, 137f
posterior element fractures,
137
motion restriction technique,
7–8, 8f, 308
physical examination of, 16
radiographic evaluation of,
139–141
restriction, with airway
maintenance, 7–8
screening for suspected injuries
to, 142b
Chance fractures, 138, 138f
Chemical burns, 179, 179f, 261
Chemical injuries and illnesses,
296–297, 297b
Chest. See also Thoracic trauma
crush injury to, 77–78
physical examination of, 16–17
trauma to, 26
in pediatric patients, 199–200
Children. See also Pediatric patients
cervical spine in, 130
cervical spine injuries in, 136
hypothermia in, 266
initial assessment of, 13
maltreatment of, 207–208
respiratory rate of, 195
Chin-lift maneuver, 30, 30f
Circulation
assessment of, 47f
in geriatric patients, 219, 220t
with hemorrhage control, 8–9,
51, 309
in mass-casualty care, 277
in pediatric patients, 195–199
in severe head trauma, 118–119
for thoracic trauma, 68–71
Circulatory arrest, traumatic, 70, 71f
Class I hemorrhage, 49, 49t
Class II hemorrhage, 49, 49t, 50
Class III hemorrhage, 49, 49t, 50
Class IV hemorrhage, 49, 49t, 50
Clindamycin, 158t
Coagulopathy, 9, 55–56
Cold injuries, 15
hypothermia, 265–269
defined, 265
management of, 267–269
physiological effects of,
266–267
rewarming techniques, 267t,
268f
signs of, 266
staging and management of,
265, 266t
local tissue effects, 181–183
management of, 182–183
frostbite, 182–183
systemic hypothermia, 183
triage, 325–326
types of
frostbite, 181–182, 182f
nonfreezing injury, 182
Cold zone, 295
Coma, 109
Committee on Trauma (COT), 4
Communicable diseases, 6
Communication
in constrained environments,
278–279
in mass-casualty care, 277
with patient’s family/friends,
304–305, 305b, 305f
in trauma teams, 302, 309–310
Community preparedness, 292
Compartment syndrome, 17f, 159–
160, 159b, 159f, 161f, 176–178
Complete blood count (CBC), 176,
268
Complete spinal cord injury, 131
Computed tomography (CT)
for abdominal and pelvic
trauma, 90t, 91–92, 93, 94
for aortic injury, 76
for head trauma, 120, 204f
for mild brain injury, 115, 115t
for pediatric abdominal trauma,
200–201
for pregnant patients, 235
for retrobulbar hemorrhage, 261
for spinal cord injury, 206
of thoracic and lumbar spine,
141
Concussion, 110, 112
Conflict management, in trauma
teams, 310–311
Conjunctiva, 259–260
Consent for treatment, 19
Contrast studies, for abdominal and
pelvic trauma, 92–93
Controlled resuscitation, 53
Contusions, 111, 111f, 161–162
Cornea, 257
Corneal abrasions, 260
Corticospinal tract, 132t
Coumadin (warfarin), 121t
CPP. See Cerebral perfusion pressure
Cranial anatomy, 105f, 106
Cranial nerves, 106
Craniotomy, 123, 123–124
Cricoid pressure, 33
Cricothyroidotomy
needle, 36
in pediatric patients, 194
surgical, 36, 37f
Crossmatched blood, 55
Crush injury to chest, 77–78
Crush syndrome, 152
CT. See Computed tomography
CT cystography, for abdominal and
pelvic trauma, 92
CVP. See Central venous pressure
Cyanide inhalation, 172
Cyanosis, 26, 65, 66
Cystogram, for abdominal and pelvic
trauma, 92
Cystography, 92
Cytokines, 270
Dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa), 121t
DAI. See Drug-assisted intubation
Deceleration injuries, 85
Decompression, of stomach, 52
Decontamination, 295–296
Decontamination corridor, 290b
Deep peroneal nerve, 161t
Definitive airway
criteria for establishing, 32–33
defined, 24
drug-assisted intubation, 35–36
endotracheal intubation, 33–35,
34f
indications for, 33t
needle cricothyroidotomy, 36,
36f
surgical airway, 36
surgical cricothyroidotomy, 36,
37f
Definitive care. See Patient transfers
to definitive care
Deoxyhemoglobin, 11
Depressed skull fractures, 123
Dermatomes, 131–132
Diagnostic laparoscopy, for abdominal
and pelvic trauma, 92, 93
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL),
12, 47
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