Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018

379
INDEX
Blood pressure
equating to cardiac output, 56
in pediatric patients, 195–196
in pregnancy, 230
Blood transfusion
autotransfusion, 55
calcium administration and, 56
coagulopathy, 55–56
crossmatched blood, 55
for hemorrhagic shock, 54–56,
55f
hypothermia prevention and,
55
massive transfusion, 55
in pediatric patients, 198–199
type O blood, 55
Blood volume, 9, 45
in pediatric patients, 197
in pregnancy, 229
Blood warmers, 55
Blown pupil, 106, 107f
Blunt cardiac injury (BCI), 75
Blunt carotid and vertebral injuries,
140
Blunt esophageal rupture, 77
Blunt trauma, 15
to abdomen and pelvis, 85, 85f
mechanisms of injury, 14t, 15
in pregnant patients, 232, 232f,
232t
Body-cooling unit (BCU), 271
Body-surface area (BSA), 175–176
Bone level of injury, 135
Brain, anatomy of, 106
Brain death, 124
Brain injury. See also Head trauma;
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI)
diffuse, 110
focal, 110–111
in geriatric patients, 221
mild, 112, 114f, 115, 116f
in pediatric patients, 202–205
primary, 10
secondary, 104
Brainstem, 106
Breathing. See also Ventilation
for geriatric patients, 219, 219t
in head trauma, 117–118
hemorrhagic shock and, 51
for pediatric patients, 195
for primary survey, 8
in thoracic trauma, 65–68
trauma teams and, 308–309
Broselow Pediatric Emergency Tape,
190, 192f
Brown-Séquard syndrome, 136
BSA. See Body-surface area
Bucket handle injury, 85f
Burns, 170
assessment of, 174–176
body-surface area, 175–176
depth of burn, 176, 177f
history for, 175
pitfalls of, 176
rule of nines, 175–176, 175f
chemical, 179, 179f, 261
electrical, 14t, 179–180, 179f
in geriatric patients, 217
indicating abuse, 180
inflammatory response to, 170
inhalational, 14t
patient transfer and, 180–181
pediatric patients and, 173, 174f
in pregnant patients, 231t
primary survey and resuscitation
for, 170–174
airway control, 170–171, 170f
circulation management
with burn shock resuscitation,
172–174, 173f,
174t
ensure adequate ventilation,
171–172
pitfalls of, 171, 173, 174
stop burning process, 170
secondary survey for, 176–178
baseline determinations for
major burns, 176
documentation in, 176
gastric tube insertion, 178
narcotics, analgesics, and
sedatives, 178
peripheral circulation in
circumference extremity
burns, 176–178
pitfalls of, 178
wound care, 178
tar, 180
thermal, 14t, 15
BURP. See Backward, upward, and
rightward pressure
Burr hole craniostomy/craniotomy,
123–124
Burst injury, 138
C1 rotary subluxation, 136–137
Calcium, administration of, 56
Canadian C-spine rule, 139, 139f
Capnography, 11, 27
Carbon dioxide
detection, and intubation, 35
end-tidal levels, 11
Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure,
171–172
Cardiac dysrhythmias, 10–11, 170,
174
Cardiac injury, blunt, 10–11, 75
Cardiac output, 9, 44–45, 44f
equating blood pressure to, 56
in pregnancy, 229–230
Cardiac physiology, 44–45
Cardiac tamponade, 44, 47–48,
69–70
cause and development of, 69,
70f
diagnosis of, 69–70
management of, 70
vs. tension pneumothorax, 69
Cardiogenic shock, 47
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR), 70
in pediatric patients, 199
Cardiovascular system, effects of
aging on, 218t
Care Under Fire, 280
Carotid artery injury, 139
Casualties
mass, 6–7
multiple, 6
Casualty collection point (CCP), 290b
Catheters
gastric, 11, 12f
urinary, 11, 52, 88–89
CBC. See Complete blood count
CBF. See Cerebral blood flow
CBRNE (Chemical, Biological,
Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosive agents), 290b
CCP. See Casualty collection point
Cefazolin, 158t
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), 6
Central cord syndrome, 135
Central venous pressure (CVP), 219,
230
Cerebellum, 106
Cerebral blood flow (CBF), 107–109
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP),
108–109
Cerebrum, 106
Cervical collars, 139, 140
Cervical spine
anatomy of, 130
of child, 130
fractures, 136–137
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