Advanced Trauma Life Support ATLS Student Course Manual 2018

BIBLIOGRAPHY 79
if not promptly identified and treated during
the primary survey. These patients can usually
be treated or their conditions temporarily
relieved by relatively simple measures, such as
intubation, ventilation, tube thoracostomy, and
fluid resuscitation. Clinicians with the ability to
recognize these important injuries and the skill
to perform the necessary procedures can save
lives. The primary survey includes management
of airway obstruction, laryngeal injury, upper
chest injury, tracheobronchial tree injury, tension
pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive
hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, and traumatic
circulatory arrest.
2. The secondary survey includes identification, using
adjunctive studies such as x-rays, laboratory tests,
and ECG, and initial treatment of the following
potentially life-threatening injuries: simple
pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion,
flail chest, blunt cardiac injury, traumatic aortic
disruption, traumatic diaphragmatic injury, and
blunt esophageal rupture.
3. Several manifestations of thoracic trauma may
indicate a greater risk of associated injuries,
including subcutaneous emphysema, crush
injuries of the chest, and injuries to the ribs,
scapula, and sternum.
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