BABOK_Guide_v3_member_copy

Observation
Techniques
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10.31.3 Elements
There are two basic approaches for observation:
• Active/Noticeable: while observing an activity the observer asks any
questions as they arise. Despite this interruption to the work flow, the
observer can more quickly understand the rationale and hidden processes
underlying the activity, such as decision making. A variation of this method
may involve even stronger intervention into actors' activities by stimulating
them to perform specific tasks. This kind of facilitated observation allows
focus on the observer's objectives in order to shorten observation time or
elicit specific information.
• Passive/Unnoticeable: during the activity the observer does not interrupt
the work. Any concerns are raised once the observation is over. This allows
observation of a natural flow of events without intervention by the
observer, as well as measurement of the time and quality of work. A
variation of this method is video recording the activity and then reviewing it
with the person being observed so they may provide further clarification.
Inspection of a person's work environment helps in discovering any tools and
information assets involved in performing their activities. This supports
understanding of the activities, especially with the purpose of identifying needs
and opportunities. This kind of observation is an important part of the
technique's variation, and is known as Contextual Inquiry.
.1 Observation Objectives
A clear and specific objective establishes a defined purpose of the observation
session.
Objectives of an observation session may include:
• understanding the activity and its elements such as tasks, tools, events, and
interactions,
• identifying opportunities for improvement,
• establishing performance metrics, or
• assessing solutions and validating assumptions.
.2 Prepare for Observation
Preparing for an observation session involves planning the observation approach
based on the objectives and deciding who should be viewed performing which
activities at what times. While preparing for an observation session, business
analysts consider the skill and experience levels of participants, the frequency of
the activities being observed, and any existing documentation and analysis related
to the work activity. Preparing for observation also includes creating a schedule of
observations.
The plan for observation ensures that all stakeholders are aware of the purpose of
the observation session, they agree on the expected outcomes, and that the
session meets their expectations.
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