Food Consumption Patterns Part 2

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89 None of this is to say that only local peanut butter is on the market. In visits to 19 urban supermarkets, we found that all stocked imported peanut butter brands. But that is as far as imported peanut butter gets. It is conspicuously absent from the popular market. One can infer that part of the reason for their absence is the lower cost--as seen, arguably the major determinant of food consumption in Haiti. Official Imports have increased dramatically in the past two decades, from 16 metric tons of peanut butter in 1998 to 104 metric tons in 2008. However, if accurate, this represents less than 1% of domestic production. At 20 metric tons in 2012, MFK was the only known importer of whole peanuts (Illustrative of the problem with customs and records is that imported peanuts are nevertheless present in supermarkets). It is difficult to evaluate what this means because, as seen in Section 7 above, corruption and poor record keeping at the ports mean that customs data often says more about politics than actual flows of merchandise. The participation of popular micro-entrepreneurs and the highly integrated informal market system—vs. a clumsy and poorly developed formal sector—are surely key factors that help explain the low cost of domestic peanut products. Family labor is involved in production, shelling, packaging, transport and processing. Peanuts are the most commonly transformed food in Haiti, so one finds mills even in urban neighborhoods, and one would be hard pressed to find an adult woman who has not, at some time in her life, processed and sold peanut butter. Moreover, the actual creation of the peanut butter is only the second step in the value chain. The entire chain can—as seen in Figure 34 above-- touch as many as eight market actors: grower, 1 st purchaser, sheller, transporter to 2 nd market, 2 nd purchaser and processer of peanuts, miller, purchaser of peanut butter in bulk, retailer vendor of peanut butter and bread or cassava. Health and Who Consumes Peanuts Although only 1 respondent in the 50- respondent ‘most nutritional foods’ survey mentioned peanuts, 87% of people in the 632 respondent Consumer Survey said peanuts and peanut butter are good for the health (Figure 36). Indeed, the importance of peanuts in the popular class diet cannot be overstated. Only 26 of the 632 respondents in Consumer Survey (4%) said they do not eat peanuts (Figure 35); fully 96% said they eat peanuts or peanut butter, 54% of these eating them at least once per day, and 30% eating them more than once per day (Figure 37). v Consumers Opinions, Preferences and Tastes Photo 50: Peanuts afflicted by the fungus that producing aflatoxin
90 Figure 44: Respondents Who Eat Peanut Products (N = 632) Figure 45: Respondent who Believe Peanut Butter is Healthy (N = 632) yes, 96% Yes, 87% no, 4% Unsure, 6% No, 2% Figure 46: Frequency that Respondents Report Consuming Peanut Butter (n = 596) Somewhat, 4% 40% 30% 24% 19% 20% 11% 9% 0% More than once per day Every day 2 to 3 times per week Every week Every 2 to 3 weeks We know anecdotally and from focus groups that peanuts are widely thought of as having sexually invigorating properties for men, but only 16% vs. 10% of Consumer Survey respondents said that men consumed them more often than women and 74% said that men and women consumed them with equal frequency (Figure 38). Similarly, peanuts and peanut butter are thought almost as much a food for adults as for children: only 32% of respondents said that children more often than adults consume peanut butter and peanuts; 48% said adults and children consume them with equal frequency, while 20% thought that adults consume more than children (Figure 39). Photo 51: Focus group at school in Cite Militaire Port-au-Prince
Page 1 and 2: RESEARCH REPORT part II of 2 parts
Page 3 and 4: Contents 9. The Entrance of Importe
Page 5 and 6: Figure 37: Bongu Brand and Bonlé/A
Page 7 and 8: 71 Entrance of Snack Foods Manufact
Page 9 and 10: 73 Consumers themselves explain why
Page 11 and 12: 75 Figure 30: Some of the Foods tha
Page 13 and 14: 77 It gets worse, while Carnation a
Page 15 and 16: 79 None of this is to say that Bong
Page 17 and 18: 81 Government vs. Merchant Elite: W
Page 19 and 20: 83 increased imports following the
Page 21 and 22: HG per mammit 85 in the dry Departm
Page 23: 87 Figure 43: Peanut Marketing Chai
Page 28 and 29: 91 Figure 47: Opinion on Which Sex
Page 30 and 31: 93 Figure 52: Time of Day that Resp
Page 32 and 33: 95 Distributors Profit Margins In T
Page 34 and 35: 97 Market Size To arrive at estimat
Page 37 and 38: 99 Distributors and Credit All dist
Page 39 and 40: 101 most fortified foods category,
Page 41 and 42: Figure 62: Dueling Economies 103
Page 43 and 44: 105 Annex 1: Contacts Table A1-1 Go
Page 45 and 46: 107 Table A1-4: Focus Group Partici
Page 47 and 48: Table A1-4: Focus Group Participant
Page 49 and 50: 111 Staff and Survey Structure Surv
Page 51 and 52: 113 Annex 3: Most Nutritional Foods
Page 53 and 54: 115 sauce. Ginger goes with sw
Page 55 and 56: 117 Table A3-4: Rank of Mentioned F
Page 57 and 58: 119 Table A3-6: Total of all Foods
Page 59 and 60: Table A3-8: Women General Item Freq
Page 61 and 62: Table A3-10: Children Item Frequenc
Page 63: 125 ANNEX 4: Cultural Consensus Plo
Page 66 and 67: 127 Secondary Meals When asked most
Page 68 and 69: 129 Food Combination Rules for Seco
Page 70 and 71: 131 Anything Malta is fortifying an
Page 72 and 73: 133 Annex 6: Cost and Profit Analys
Page 74 and 75: 135 Annex 7: Boutik Survey For the
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137 Table A7-5: Summary of Boutik S
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Percentage (%) 139 Annex 8: Port-au
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141 Cookies and cheese puffs also r
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143 Table A8-9: Top fortified foods
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Percentage (%) 145 100% Figure A8-3
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147 Figure A8-5: Restocking frequen
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149 Table A8-17: Most Common Foods
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151 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Figure A
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153 Annex 11: RUFTs Nutrition and C
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130 Annex 13: Super Market Data: Im
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132 Annex 14: Most Popular Snack Br
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134 Table A14-5: Popular Snacks, Pr
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136 Table A15-4 summarizes Consumer
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138 Ministère de l'Économie et de
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140 a. pierres précieuses et méta
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142 Par la suite, la SGS transmettr
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144 16. Chaque convention d'achat c
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146 h. que le vendeur est avisé qu
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148 Consumer Taste Test Questionnai
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And you, do you think that could re
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10_Grade 11_Grade 12th_Grade 13th_G
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yes no Who most frequently eats it?
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Does anyone in your house currently
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158 Rice* Corn* imported same local
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160 Boutik (neighborhood store) Que
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GPS coordinates can only be collect
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yes no do you give credit to you cl
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166 WORKS CITED Alvarez and Murray,
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168 Katherine Harmon Courage | July
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170 USDA 2005 Dietary Guidelines fo
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