and

Joannes Richter
Dyæus

For my androgynous partner
Fries
2

Joannes Richter
Dyæus
Discovering the Predecessor
of Modern Religions
Published by Lulu
-2009-
3

© 2009 by Joannes Richter
Published by Lulu
!lulu!co"
#ll Rights Reserved
$%&'( )))-)-))))-))))-)
*

Contents
+ $ntroduction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!9
2 ,vervie!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
3 Patriarchy versus Matriarchy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
* Palaeolithic #rtor. and /ools !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+9
1nna"ed '-headed %cultures!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2
'a"ed '-headed %cultures!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!39
&ody Mirroring at &urials!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4 /e)t Manuscrits!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
9 /he &ible!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+0 /he gar"ents!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+0
++ 5ty"ology for the 6ord 7Paars8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+++
+2 lags!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
+3 # %urvey of #ndrogynous :odheads !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++9
+* Proto-$ndo-5uroean Language!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+23
+ ;olours< /ining and Runes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+33
+ Religious %y"bolis" in /raditions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
+ Linguistic /races of Duality!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+3
+4 Psychoanalysis and #ndrogyny!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
+9 Modern androgynous sy"bolis"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+9
20 ,vervie of #ndrogynous %y"bols!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+4+
2+ ;redits in for this %tudy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+4
22 ;onclusion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+4
23 #endices =%u""aries>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+9+
List of Figures and Photographs
ig! +( /he cobble fro" Ma.aansgat!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!20
ig! 2( Palaeolithic androgynous sculture !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!29

ig! 3( irst Man - Dual Princile!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3+
ig! *( ?er"es of Ro@ueertuse!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3
ig! ( &ifaced statue found at ?olAgerlingen!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3
ig! ( ?orned bi-faced ?er"es of Ro@ueertuse!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3
ig! ( /he androgynous deity Burvan!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*0
ig! 4( /he Bbruch idol !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
ig! 9( Male figure at &oa $sland =east side>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*9
ig! +0( /he fe"ale figure at the estside =&oa-$sland>!!!!!!!!!!0
ig! ++( &rah"a carving at a te"le in ?alebidu!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2
ig! +2( Janus-%culture =Catican> !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3
ig! +3( #ndrogynous coule =Me)ico>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ig! +*( ;o"aring head-to-head-ositions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2
ig! +( ?eaderlines fro" several "edieval &ibles!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
ig! +( $nitial #ncient ?istory =+*th ;entury>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
ig! +( La Divina ;o""edia!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!44
ig! +4( ?eaderline orcAe.-&ible =Prag- around +*+0>!!!!!!!!!9+
ig! +9( ?eaderline orcAe.-&ible =Prag- around +*+0>!!!!!!!!!9+
ig! 20( :odEs hand to 'oah =Ciennese ;ode) - th ;ent!>!!!!!93
ig! 2+( ;reator :od in red and blue gar"ents!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!9
ig! 22( Jesus ;hrist being .issed by Judas=+33>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!94
ig! 23( Male %.y-:od =Ciennese ;ode) - si)th ;ent!>!!!!!!!!+0+
ig! 2*( :odEs hand to 'oah =Ciennese ;ode) - th ;ent!>!!!+02
ig! 2( ,ur Lady of ;Aestochoa!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+0
ig! 2( 5"eror ?enry =detail ;ode) Manesse>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+04
ig! 2( Register for ;ode) Manesse!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++0
ig! 24( /he /ricolour of rance =+34>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
ig! 29( ;$5 )y chro"aticity diagra"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+3*
ig! 30( %eal of %olo"on!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +3
ig! 3+( /he ;eltic burial to"b at ?ochdorf !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+3
ig! 32( /he Fabalistic /ree of Life!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+*+
ig! 33( %ehiroth /ree according to ;arla Randel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+**
ig! 3*( /he PrinceEs lag =+2>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+*

ig! 3( /he GinHGang-sy"bol in the orean banner!!!!!!!!!!!!+*4
ig! 3( :er"an Mayole =2004>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+9
ig! 3( DIed-illar !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
ig! 34( #ndrogynous -Married- ;oule!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+*
ig! 39( #ndrogynous face by Marc ;hagall!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+9
ig! *0( #ndrogynous face =ainting J! Richter< 2003>!!!!!!!!!!+40
ig! *+( %eal of %olo"on!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +4+
ig! *2( ?eraldic sign for the ?ansa-;ity of &ruges!!!!!!!!!!!!!+4*
ig! *3( ?eraldic sign -?anse-trading-era!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+4*
List of Tables
/able +( /i"e /able for the Pleistocene!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+9
/able 2( ;reation hases in &oo. :enesis!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!92
/able 3( ;ategorisation of "edieval &ibles!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+00
/able *( &asic ;ore P$5-Cocabulary!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+2
/able ( #ndrogynous Deities and their Pronouns!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+30
/able ( ,vervie of #ndrogynous Deities!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+99

4

1 Introduction
/he "anuscrit reveals a synthesis beteen ety"ology<
religion< "yths< history< alaeolithic scultures and traditions<
including the sy"bolis" in ancient scultures< in ronouns<
tining and colours!
Dyæus describes a redecessor for "odern religions< in hich
eole ere aare they shared one co""on religion and a
single s.y-deity!
#lthough travelling "ust have been difficult 20

&asic characters =the fe"ale 718 and the "ale sy"bol 7$8> "ay
be traced bac. in great nu"ber of divine na"es< in scultures<
in "odern ronouns and even in sy"bolic colours!
/he &oo.s Exodus and Chronicles reveal a great nu"ber of
sy"bolic coloured oven "aterials =red< blue and urle
tining> in the divine instructions for the Covenant tent and
for SolomonEs te"le! 5@uivalent clothes and toels created in
finest tining technology alying the basic colours red and
blue to create the secial e"erorEs colour urle have been
found at the buri al to"b in Hochdorf ! /hese colours are the
funda"ental religious codes for the androgynous rincile!
/he ri"ary te)t of the Kabbala =Zohar > and Medieval variants
of the :enesis describe an ancient ?ebre androgynous
creation-legend< co"arable to the legendary descrition in
PlatoEs Symposium! /he Kabbala allos us to reconstruct the
srcinal legend in the early version of the &ible! ?oever the
Zohar robably lost the "ain .ey to androgynous religion! /he
Zohars author incorrectly defines the androgynous .eys as
="ale> $ and =fe"ale> ? instead of the correct values ="ale> $
and =fe"ale> 1!
!he "oo# Dyæus no starts ith an overvie! %ubse@uently
the author ill describe the ancient scultures and gradually
develo the androgynous sy"bolis" at full scoe< leaving no
doubt for a grand historical "onu"ent(
A common androgynous religion for all peoples.
+0

2 Overvie
/he "anuscrit starts ith an overvie< e)laining
androgynous religion in a su""ary!
Sky-gods in Indo-European Language
$n an introduction + to the religious life of "an.ind Mircea
5liade describes the nature of the first co""on deity< identified
as the S#y$D%eller or &%ner of the S#y ith a thundering voice
and alying the lightning bolt as a eaon! $n $ndo-5uroean
language his na"e has been docu"ented as Dyæus ! /he
Mongol na"e for the sure"e :od is !engri< hich "eans s#y'
/he ;hinese !ien "ay be translated as the s#y and as (od of
the s#y ! Beus and Juiter still reserve in their na"es the
"e"ory of the sacredness of the s.y! ?oever e ill also be
able to identify androgynous sy"bolis" in their na"es!
:radually the s.y-god "ay be relaced by other divine figures<
but in a fe religions tending to "onotheis" the androgynous
s.y-god attains a uni@ue osition!
Analysis of N-headed and N-faced sculptures
ound scultures ill cover a long eriod of ti"e fro"
alaeolithic eras until relatively recent centuries and finding
locations are being sread orldide! /he idea of '-headed
scultures see"s to be covering all continents!
+( $n the %acred and the Profane-/he 'ature of Religion<
by Mircea 5liade =+9>< $%&' 94-0-+-920+-+!
++

indings at the ?ochdorf burial "ound and at the burial
location of the 'ebra disc reveal re-historical travelling and
trading routes beteen 'orthern 5uroean and Mediterranean
cultures< sreading religious and cultural .noledge over long
distances! /hese contacts e)lain hy 2-< 3- and *-faced deities
"ay be found all over the orld as if travelling had been as
easy as today!
Androgynous bipolarity in sculptures
%everal ancient scultures reveal androgynous biolarity in
gender-attributes! %o"e *-faced scultures =e!g! the &rah"asculture
at a te"le in ?alebidu> reveal androgynous
attributes by referring to at least + bearded and + non-bearded
face! %o"e 2-faced scultures =e!g! in ?er"es of
Ro@ueertuse> reveal androgynous attributes by referring to a
-+0 difference in s.ull-siAe! # nu"ber of *-faced scultures
=e!g! the Bbruch idol> reveal androgynous attributes by
referring to 2 ersons ith breasts and 2 ersons ithout
breasts< but earing beards!
Pronouns in Proto-Indo-European Language
Prototyes for religious concets and basic concets for $ndo-
5uroean Languages "ay share a nu"ber of ideas! &asically
any language "ay be considered to aly funda"ental ords
=covering basic ideas and funda"ental thoughts>!
#ccording to linguistic theories #ugust %chleicher
reconstructed and arranged the "ost i"ortant ords in the
Proto-$ndo-5uroean =P$5-> Language or robably in any
language! $n P$5 the three "ost i"ortant ords are the
ronouns( K$K< KGouK and K6eK! $n "odern 5nglish e "ay
+2

no consider three roto-ronouns =in order of ran.ing> K$K <
K1K and K1$K!
;onsidering their ran.ing in linguistic statistics these three
ersonal ronouns K$K< KGouK and K6eK e ill correlate these
ronouns to e@ually i"ortant basic religious concets in an
androgynous sy"bolic conte)t!
/he "ost ro"inent roto-ronoun K$K is the first erson
singular< hich "ay be considered as a "ale sy"bol and refer
to the religious concet of the lingam! /he second relevant
roto-ronoun K1K is the second erson singular< hich "ay be
considered a fe"ale sy"bol and refer to the religious concet
of the yoni!
/he third ran.ing ord in Proto-$ndo-5uroean =P$5->
Language is the roto-ronoun K1$K or K$1K hich "ay be
considered as a "erging Ioint for the singular roto-ronouns
K1K and K$K! $n religious roto-concets the Ioint of the "ale
and fe"ale ele"ent "ay have been the divine Ioint K1$K or in a
sy""etrical version K$1K!
6e "ay consider K$1-iterK =or K$1K-ather> to be a rotoreligious
concet as a arent-coule of the K$1K-concet! 6e
"ay read K1$K as a KrototyeK for the ronoun K6eK! $n
:er"an "ythology the K1$K-core is to be traced in the na"e of
the androgynous creator-god !uisco! /he roto-ronouns =$< 1>
"ay refer to the "ale and fe"ale ele"ents in a nu"ber of
androgynous religions! /he ronouns 1 =you> and $ "ay very
ell be identified ithin the "ain deities na"es =/hou and $
inside /uisco< KIeK at the inside and KDuK at the outside of the
rench KDieuK< and KioK inside KDiosK>< indicating a religious
biolar sy"bolis"!
+3

Tetragraatons !
$n $ndo-5uroean languages "ost rincial deities< e!g! Diaeus
=%ans.rit KDyausK< :ree. Zeus or Latin Deus> and Sius =the
?ittite sun-god> are ety"ological endants< hich have been
identified as androgynous deities as ell! abbalistic literature
e)lains the ?ebre /etragra""aton $?C? as a co"bination
of a "ale ele"ent =the ele"entary and s"allest letter Jod< $>
and a fe"ale ele"ent =C>< e@uivalent to the sy"bol 1!
"reation legends
Symposium and the
#ndrogynous creation legends =PlatoEs
Zohars legend> generally clai" the "ale and the fe"ale halves
of the first-born androgynous creature called K"anK had been
unable to see each otherEs faces! #lthough they had been lin.ed
together they felt lonely and in an idea of co"assion the
?ebre :od decided to slit the"! Plato hoever clai"s Beus
had to slit the" in fear for too "uch oer!!!
5ither ay the ;reator-:od had to searate their s.ulls and
corses by slitting the androgynous "an7-unity =K )damK>!
%ubse@uently he Korna"entedK the fe"ale half 7li.e an bride8
and did lead her in front of the "ale half =the bridegroo">!
ace-to-face and eye-to-eye the bride and the bridegroo" ere
alloed to see each otherEs face for the very first ti"e!!! /his
legend see"s to sy"boliAe a "arriage in hich the bride is Kto
be unveiledK at the edding cere"ony! 5)isting edding
cere"onies suggest the use of a "irror in edding cere"onies
to enable the coule to vie the reIoined7 duality as an i"age
of "an7 and as an i"age of the ;reator-:od 3 !
2( our-lettered divine na"es
3( Details about #fghan edding sy"bols have been docu"ented by haled
+*

#iblical sybols in colouring and $ea%ing
$n an ancient ;eltic grave at the :er"an village ?ochdorf the
.ingEs urle clothes reveals to have been oven in &yssus- or
tining-technology using the finest threads of blue and red at
e)tre"ely high densities of 40 threadsHc"!
/his high density eaving of red and blue colours cannot be
identified ithout otical tools and therefore the clothes loo.
li.e a ho"ogeneous urle "aterial!
/he sa"e technology =&yssusH/ining alying red< blue and
urle> is found in the &ibleEs 5)odus( e ill learn to
understand the relevant biblical @uotations in the folloing
chaters of this boo.! 5le"entary colours red< blue and urle
refer to androgynous deities< sy"boliAing "ale =blue colours>
and fe"ale =red colours> or divine sy"bols =urle colours>!
&arents' ro" the beginning
Icons and the 7riting8
Paintings
of sacred artor. =icons<
&ibles< boo.s and aintings> had been organiAed by strict rules!
;onse@uently these rules had to be folloed for the royal
gar"ents as ell! %eated at their i"erial thrones the e"erors
&arbarossa and ?enry C$ had to ear either urle or red
blue!
?osseini in /he ite Runner ! #fghan sy"bols see" to have been valid in
"odern ti"es as the novel is describing the seventies around +90!
+

Flags
$n analogy the royal gar"ents =in fact hoever fro" the divine
co""ands in 5)odus> a great nu"ber of 6est-5uroean flags
has been designed! /hese flags robably reresent the latest
traces of androgynous religion in our "odern society!
+

! Patr
triarchy versus "atriarchy
,ften the s.y-god or the rincial deity is called
Heavenly Father 7 or Father in Heaven7! /he idea of
a father-deity is rather aged and "ust have been a
co""on definition as early as 00 before ;hrist!
?oever in rehistoric ages e consider the idea of a
receding "atriarchy< hich also invites us to resu"e
an inter"ediate crossover eriod of androgynous
religion!
&efore studying the religious sy"bolis" in ancient boo.s<
hich have been ritten before +90< $ noticed so"e roble"s
in understanding these te)ts due to the bac.ground .noledge
for "odern readers! /he "ain cause for these
"isunderstandings is a dra"atic changeover in social osition
for o"en!
1 to 6orld 6ar $$ the Father -titles for the "onotheistic deity
ere @uite easily understood! /oday e are used to consider
o"en as e@ually ran.ed< individual citiAens< but these e@ual
rights are relatively ne! 1 to 6orld 6ar $$ "ost "arried
o"en did not have the right to vote or to even "anage their
on roerty! $n legal rocedures the husband reresented his
ife as one of his children< including the voting rocedures and
the "anage"ent of their roerty! /he &ible defined the
o"an as a servant to her husband and so"e "atri"onial
"anuals even described o"en as a mans limb!
or at least 2 centuries 7 Man8 used to be defined as a male
erson< hich si"ly included his ife as an aendi) * !
*( see the "anuscrit Core Dump at %cribd by Joannes Richter =2009>
+

$n fact the 5nglish ord 7 +an8 reresented a married couple
instead of an individual hu"an being!
/herefore the Poe +93+ "erely choose to address the
encyclical KDe ,erum -ovarumK to the male "e"bers of the
;hurch! ,bviously the "ale addressees ould be e)ected to
ass the infor"ation to their fe"ale relatives and children!
'o thin.ing of 7Man8 as :odEs i"age caused so"e
roble"s! 7Man8 as a "ale erson including a fe"ale
aendi) ould result in a married couple< hich certainly
could not be deicted or even considered as a "onotheistic
deity! /his arado) resulted in a historical hase in hich
Gahweh
had to be acco"anied by a ife Asjera! Asjera /he eole
"ay even have been used to this co""on idea and have
acceted the coule as a nor"al monotheistic deity!
'o the initially created androgynous 7Man8 called Adam still
needed to be halved into to individual beings %oman and
man. hich as individual traditionally have been considered as
inco"lete! $n ancient ti"es un"arried individuals have been
considered as halved 7 +en 8! $n a "atri"onial cere"ony these
"ale and fe"ale individuals ere to be reIoined to an srcinal
androgynous 7Man Man8 as a divine i"age!
/he atriarchal idea< hich "utated o"an to an uni"ortant
"anEs li"b< "ay have been e)isting fro" at least 00 before
;hrist in the Mediterranean areas!
(
/his conte)t re@uires the androgynous creatures in 7Men8 to be
understood as fe"ale and "ale 7hu"an beings8 and not strictly as 7"ale
beings8!
+4

# Pala
laeolithic
$rto
or%
and Too
ools
Summary of archaic art
%o"e scientific ter"s used in this "anuscrit refer to the
earthNs last glacial eriod< the Pleistocene< hich e)tends fro"
about +!4 "illion years ago to about +0 thousand years ago!
Epoch
Pleistocene
Nuber
of years
+!4 "illion
years ago
Age
Lo$er Paleolithic
$ndustry( ,lduan
$ndustry( #cheulean
(iddle Paleolithic
30

#lso .non as the %tone #ge and the Palaeolithic< the
Pleistocene has been divided into Loer< Middle< and 1er<
the Loer and Middle Palaeolithic being associated ith
#cheulean and Mousterian tool industries< resectively! 5ach
industry is defined by a secific tool-tye!
The oldest paleolithic idol
Fig' /0 !he cobble from
+a#apansgat'
,ne of the oldest alaeolithic idols ever found "ay be
interreted as a hu"an to-faced head < dated 3-2

2&n the bac# of the pebble. there is a second image.
that is similar to the face of an )ustralopithecus'
Scholars consider this dual$faced pebble as a product
of natural processes. but it has been treated li#e a
sculpture by an )ustralopithecus and therefore must be
thought the first shape #no%n of 1,E$),!. that is the
use of the ready$made before the fabrication of
anthropomorphic or 3oo$morphic sculptures for cult
rituals' 4e never have seen the srcinal. but if it has
been slightly retouched. %e may consider it as art5 6 '
&ut even as a ready-"ade obIect this cobble "ay be the first
dual-faced obIect< used as a religious tote" and referring to a
religious duality andHor any other sy"bolis"!
#rchaeologists discovered a great nu"ber of si"ilar ancient 2-
headed =and other '-headed> scultures reresenting deities!
#lthough any dual-faced obIect "ay refer to the androgynous
creation-legend =e@uivalent to the fa"ous creation-legend in
PlatoEs %y"osiu"> it "ay be hard or i"ossible to rove a
lin. beteen this at least 2! - 2!9 "illion years old obIect and
any later sy"bolis" in our "odern religions!!!
/he #ustraloithecus belongs to a very ancient series of
ho"inids! $n "uch later eriods< in the eriod beteen *

Interpreting palaeolithic artwork and tools
$nterretation of alaeolithic sculture re@uires great s.ill<
e)erience and a rofound .noledge of the various tyes of
scultures found in archaeological sites all over the orld!
$ a" very grateful for the generous suort $ received fro"
Pietro :aietto and Licia ilingeri< ho alloed "e to use
relevant infor"ations fro" their ebsites 4 ! Pietro :aietto< ho
discovered the first sculture referring to 'eanderthal-idols in
his $talian e)cavations< e)lains(
2Sculptures of the 7o%er and +iddle 1alaeolithic
predominantly represent human heads. as an imitation
of natural ob8ects' "ut in subse9uent eras the heads
representation %ill change its effective form in
follo%ing an evolving :fashion:' !he form for
sculptures of the human head considerably varies over
the past three million years as these depictions %ill
represent 9uite different types of the human species'
Elder sculptures are representing the head %ithout
forehead and chin. %hile younger sculptures. depicting
the Homo sapiens sapiens. reveal both a forehead and a
chin5 ; '
#ccording to Pietro :aietto scultures of the loer and "iddle
Palaeolithic eras refer to religious cults and "ay be classified
in(
4( KMuseu" of the ,rigins of ManK "anaged by Pietro :aietto
and 7Paleolithic #rt MagaAine7 "anaged by Licia ilingeri!
9( ro"( introduction to KMuseu" of the ,rigins of ManK by Pietro :aietto
22

' an individual human head

From 2-headed to 4-headed idols
%ubse@uently Pietro :aietto describes the evolutionary
transition fro" 2-headed to *-headed scultures as follos(
2n the post$1alaeolithic eras. the eight types
dramatically evolve along %ith the application of ne%
%or#ing technologies and use of ne% materials. %ith an
increase in the composition of the sculptures and of
religious meanings' !o the t%o$faced human heads the
artists %ill add ne% heads. a human body. many arms.
even eyes on the body. clothes. colours. etc'. as may be
found in the ndian deities' +ore chronological
determinations may be obtained if the sculptures of
t%o$faced human heads represent a union of t%o
different human species. such as -eanderthalensis
Homo sapiens and Homo sapiens sapiens5 // '
$n "ust be noted that these evolutionary transitions differ fro"
the transitions beteen "onotheis" and the '-headed idols as
described by Mircea 5liade in later chaters of this boo.!
/his introduction to interreting alaeolithic artor. and tools
ill hel us to understand the scultures in the ne)t chaters of
this boo.!
++( ro"( $ntroduction to Museu" of the ,rigins of ManK by Pietro :aietto!
2*

&
'nna(
a(ed
)*he
headed
+culptures
Most of the figurines in this chater "ay have received a na"e<
but these na"es do not refer to the srcinal na"es used by their
creators!
Figurines of the Upper Paleolithic
Deictions of the hu"an fe"inine figure found in association
ith 1er Palaeolithic cultures co""only called 7Cenus
figurines8 are an e)tre"ely varied class of artefacts! ?undreds
of these figurines have been found across the 5urasian
continent fro" rance to %iberia and have been dated to around
2

JennettEs thesis discerns the folloing grous of scultures(
• Pyrenees-#@uitaine :rou
• Mediterranean :rou
• Rhine-Danube :rou
• Russian :rou
•
%iberian :rou
#lthough "a""oth-ivory has been found in $taly the
archaeologists never detected any "a""oth-re"ains in $taly!
/herefore the "a""oth-ivory "ust have been transorted
fro" re"ote locations to $taly! /his details e)lains ho
grous "ust have been in re"ote contact and "ay have sread
religious ideas and trading goods!
Pyrenees-A*uitaine &roup
/his grou includes scultures fro" %outh-estern rance
along the edge of the Pyrenees< generally considered to have
been densely oulated at the end of the last $ce #ge! Lascau)Es
art dates to about +

Margherita Mussi concludes that this iece is 7 clearly related
to a sophisticated and no% vanished cosmogony. in %hich a
feminine and masculine principle %ere someho% interrelated
into a superior oneness8!
7a "elle et la "ete =7the &eauty and the &east8> is 7a s"all
endant ith a fe"ale figurine aired bac.-to-bac. ith an
ani"al8! Made fro" 7a ale green-yello serentine
or "ustelid =easel< "arten< olverine>!
/he 7 yello% steatite figurine8 is also included here ith the
7Janus8 figurine! #lso .non as the 7 %oman %ith the pierced
nec# 8< the 7very roughly carved8 figurine has 7an unusual face
reeated on both sides8! /he so-called OJanusN-figurine as
na"ed by Jullien in a letter he rote to 5douard Piette in +903<
after the "ythological :ree. god of drea"s ho as
considered to have to heads!
;alled the 7 female %ith t%o heads8 or "icphale =7a o"an
ith a double head8>< the fe"inine figure features a second
head is 7slightly larger than the other8 head and is 7tilted in the
sa"e angle as the first8! %cultures ith slightly larger s.ulls
"ay refer to their androgynous nature!
Rhine-+anube &roup
/his geograhic section includes those sites that are in hat is
today :er"any< #ustria< and the ;Aech Reublic!
2

Russian &roup
/his geograhic grou enco"asses those artefacts found in
arts of south-est Russia and the 1.raine near the &lac. %ea!
/he sites fro" this area sho re"ar.able si"ilarities beteen
each other enough to @ualify the" for their on cultural
subcategory as ell as si"ilarities to "any of those artefacts
fro" the Rhine-Danube :rou!
)lthough not discussed ennetts thesis lists a
photograph for the androgynous ivory sculpture found
at (agarino. G#raine. an example of t%o human beings
8oined together by the nec#. %ith the %hole body. %hich
%ill be discussed in the follo%ing chapter'
Siberian &roup
Desite "any recently conducted e)cavations all over the
territory of 'orth and ;entral #sia< the rehistoric era of this
region is still oorly understood!
"onclusion
JennettEs thesis accurately describes the fe"inine asects of the
scultures< but leaves roo" for discussions in the field of
androgynous sy"bolis"! 6e ill no roceed ith an analysis
for the androgynous ivory sculture found at :agarino!
24

The sculpture found at Gagarino Ukraine
$dentified androgynous 2-headed scultures "ay be very old! #
s"all sculture in ivory of "a""oth =e)tinct hairy 5lehant>
+*!4c" high =!2c" the fe"ale figurineQ and 9! c" the "ale
figurine>< found in a Palaeolithic site =evolved
dated about 2+ at :agarino< 1.raine< is a rare
e)a"le of to hu"an beings Ioined together by the nec.<
including the co"lete body!
(ravettian<
Fig'

$n suort of this argu"ent he observed that(
/' 2!here %as no advantage to %or#ing t%o figurines at
the same time. as a single fracture during manufacture
could destroy both statuettes.

,f course "odern investigation "ethods "ay eventually reveal
a "uch younger age for the sculture!!!
Fig' =0 First +an $ Dual 1rinciple
;ourtesy of P! ! osloff - ,ver 20
3+

"ermes of #o$uepertuse
Located at the city of Celau)< near Marseilles in Provence in
southern rance< Ro@ueertuse has been a religious centre
ithout er"anent inhabitants! ,nly a fe riests "ay have
been guarding the lace er"anently! /he neighbour city
Marseilles has been a :ree. colony ever since 00 before
;hrist and the :ree. colonists "ust have been living for
centuries in a eaceful agree"ent ith their ;eltic neighbours!
Ro@ueertuse belongs to the caital 5ntre"ont and both
settle"ents ere the religious resectively co""ercial centres
of a ;eltic tribe called the %alier!
$n +2* before ;hrist Ro"an forces< co""anded by ;onsul
:aius %e)tius ;alvinus< destroy both %alien centres by using
long-range artillery ith heavy cataults< hurling .g stone
roIectiles! /he Ro"ans devastate both centres co"letely and
;onsul ;alvinus does not allo the ;elts to rebuild the"
again< but instead he founds Colonia )9uae Sextia< the "odern
city )ix en 1rovence! %tructures and buildings in Ro@ueertuse
are set afire and collase! /hey ill be left abandoned and
unnoticed for centuries< soon covered by layers of dust and
brushoods!
Rediscovery starts +40< folloed by "ain e)cavations in +923
by ?! de :Urin-Ricard< unveiling(
• + bi-faced< androgynous idol =?er"es< 20 c" high>
• 3 colu"ns ith so"e cavities for hu"an s.ulls
• 2 statues in &uddha-li.e seating osition =2 c" high>
• + big bird< fallen aart into 2* ieces
32

5)osed in the "useu" &orUly in Marseilles< these findings
are dated at the third century before ;hrist! $n this era the ;elts
have e)anded fro" their ho"elands =%itAerland< southern
:er"any and northern rance>!
:Urin-Ricard interrets the strange< bi-faced sculture as
e@uivalent to a :ree. deity! ?e calls it ?er"es as an e@uivalent
to the bi-faced ?er"es-statues and the Ro"an /er"ini! ,ther
rench archaeologist oint out a difference in siAe beteen
both heads and clai" the statue to be a "ale-fe"ale ortrait< in
hich a birdNs bea. "ay be interfering! /he statue is
interreted as a "ediu" for so"e .ind of a burial cere"ony!
/he faces srcinally ere ainted red< the eyes and the hair
being indicated by blac. colour!
,bviously the rench archaeologists are not aare of
androgynous deities! :er"an ety"ologists already declared
/uisco androgynous around +4**! ,ther e@uivalent
androgynous gods have been docu"ented to create "an
according to their i"age and to slit the" into "ale and
fe"ale! # searation hase of this .ind see"s to be ta.ing
lace in the above statue< found in a ;eltic sanctuary!
#ccording to these legends the statue can be seen as an i"age
of Mannus< but e@ually as an i"age of its ;reator /uisco!
'evertheless the statue found in Ro@ueertuse is an
e)traordinary finding< as /acitus reorts :er"anic religious
hilosohy does not suort the idea of loc.ing u divine
beings inside a te"le or creating i"ages and scultures!
$nstead they honour their gods in trees and forests by calling
his divine na"e in resectful conte"lation!
33

%everal other androgynous and single s.ulls have been found
in other ;eltic tons li.e 5ntre"ont< MouriVs< 'ages and
'oves< indicating the head as a centre of venerability!
%o"eti"es a hu"an-li.e hand is resting on the to of the head<
hile the eyes "ay be shut or sollen li.e the eyes of a nely
born baby!
1nfortunately the scultures found in the sanctuary reveal no
inscritions< but the language and the acco"anying creation
legend "ay be found in other regions< here the eoles ere
too croded to be eli"inated by the Pa) Ro"ana!
#nalysis of the Ro@ueertuse /> sculture =fig! 3> "ay
concentrate on the obIect beteen both s.ulls! /hree ideas have
been suggested by no(
•
an intervening bea. of a bird =roosed by rench
archaeologists>
• a third head =roosed by Mrs! Licia ilingeri in the
1alaeolithic )rt +aga3ine>
• an obsidian .nife =roosed by Joannes Richter>
$n discussions e "ay have an closer loo. at the sculture( the
obIect beteen both s.ills does not have a nec.< but instead
ends in a shar blade li.e an obsidian .nife to brea. u the
Ioined s.ulls! /he blade does not end u in a shar oint< hich
"ight refer to a birdEs bea.! $nstead the blade refers to a shar
.nife!
+(
Museu" &orUly in Marseilles< rance
3*

Fig' *0 Hermes of ,o9uepertuse
%litting u the bi-fronted s.ulls "ust be seen as a religious
rocedure< hich "ight be e@uivalent to PlatoEs creating legend
in %y"osiu"! %o"e scultures ill have been "ade ith
oosite faced heads< others ith faces in the sa"e< arallel
direction!
3

The "ermes at "olgerlingen
/he ?er"esli.e statue found at ?olAgerlingen
+ is a double
faced ?er"e< hich "ay be co"arable to the ?er"es of
Ro@ueertuse! /he horns =or ears W> are secial features< hich
"ay clearly be identified in this 230 c" high sculture!
Fig' >0 "ifaced statue found at Hol3gerlingen
+( no e)hibited at the Landes"useu" %tuttgart - :er"any
3

;o"aring the horns to the ?er"es-li.e sculture found in
Ro@ueertuse< the e@uivalent ele"ents "ay have been bro.en
in the "iddle! $ "ade a s.etch to i"agine ho this sculture
"ay have been created as a horned =or eared> deity of the sa"e
tye as the ?olAgerlingen tye(
Fig' ?0 Horned bi$faced Hermes of ,o9uepertuse
3

34

, )a( a(ed )*head
aded
+culptures
$n contrast to the receding chater "ost of the figurines in this
chater have received a na"e< "ore or less -deending on the
historical sources- referring to the srcinal na"es used by their
creators!
The old-Iranian deity %ur&an
Burvanis" + is a no-e)tinct branch of Boroastrianis" that had
the divinity Burvan as its irst Princile =the ri"ordial creator
deity>! Burvanis" is also .non as Zurvanite Zoroastrianism.
in hich Burvan is the hypostasis of !ime =and %ace>! /he
KclassicK Burvanite "odel of creation< reserved only by non-
Boroastrian sources< describes(
2n the beginning. the great (od Zurvan existed alone'
Desiring offspring that %ould create heaven and hell and
everything in bet%een. Zurvan sacrificed for a thousand years'
!o%ards the end of this period. androgynous Zurvan began to
doubt the efficacy of sacrifice and in the moment of this doubt
&hrmu3d and )hriman %ere conceived0 &hrmu3d for the
sacrifice and )hriman for the doubt'
Gpon reali3ing that t%ins %ere to be born. Zurvan reso lved to
grant the first$born sovereignty over creation' &hrmu3d
perceived Zurvans decision. %hich He then communicated to
His brother' )hriman then pre$empted &hrmu3d by ripping
open the %omb to emerge first' ,eminded of the resolution to
grant )hriman sovereignty. Zurvan conceded. but limited
#ingship to a period of ; years. after %hich &hrmu3d
%ould rule for all eternity5'
+( $nfor"ation fro" the 6i.iedia-entry Burvanis"
39

Fig' 60 !he androgynous deity Zurvan
# silver late / docu"ents the birth of BoroastricEs "ain Deity
)hura +a3dI and his counterart =the devil> )hriman fro" the
shoulders of her"ahrodite srcinal god Burvan =referring to
an endless ti"e>!
+4( ;incinatti #rt Museu"< ,hio< 1%#
*0

The 'reator-god I"("
$n a ublication +9 Raffaele PettaAAoni< rofessor of the ?istory
of Religions at the university of Ro"e reorts an overvie of
*-headed or *-faced scultures in the &ible(
7$n the ost &iblical Judais" and in ancient< esecially
%yrian ;hristianity e "ay localiAe the tradition of a
divine si"ulacru" ith four faces< or four heads< that
ould have been adored by the ?ebre(
+! /he &aE al of /yrus that #hab< .ing of $srael< introduced
in $X century b! ;! in %a"aria< as a result of his
edding ith 3ebel < daughter of the .ing of %yria = /he
ings +! 29 folloings>! /he sculture is described
li.e Kfour-shaedK by Eustachius fro" #ntiochia
=aro)i"ately 300 #D>!
2! /he idol that Manasse .ing of Juda =C$$ century>
creates and locates in the te"le of Jerusale" =2 ;hr!
33! >! ?oever he re"oves the sculture in reentance
after his return fro" &abylon =2 ;hr! 33! +>!
$n the %yrian version = 1esitta> of 2 ;hr! 33! the idol is
described as a Kfour-facedK!
Efrem Syrus =Y 33 a!D!> in the oe" against Julian the
#ostate< and Jacob fro" Sarug =Y 2+> in the ho"ily
for Kthe Fall of the dols K and in the ho"ily for 7 1alm
Sunday8< reroach the ?ebre to have adored a KfourfacedK
idol< referring to the idol of Manasse!
+9( K/he all-noing :odK =London< +9Q srcinal edition( KLEonniscenAa di
DioK< 5diAioni %cientifiche 5inaudi< /orino< +9>
*+

he si"ulacru" of the 2! &oo. of ;hronicles has
e)licitly been described in "arhebreus and in :eorge
%yncellus< ;edrenus and %uida! /he :ree. na"e for the
*-faced :od is KBeusK!
$n the /al"ud the idol of Manasse has four faces as
ell< hereas in the %yrian K#ocalyses of &aruchK
the sculture has five faces an echo of this concet is
found at %t! :irola"us!
+! /he si"ulacru" of Jahe created by Micha< the son of
5frai" for his rivate =illegiti"ate> cult! %ubse@uently
the idol is to be ossessed by the Danites and later
orshied in Dan-LaIis =Je! + and +4>! #ccording to
the /al"ud this idol is e@uivalent to the *-faced idol of
Manasse!
2! #lso the Ki"agine of IealousyK in the /e"le of
Jerusale"< according to 5Aech! 4! 3< < is identified in
the Judaic and ;hristian tradition ith the idol of
Manasse< and has therefore four faces8!
/hese scultures robably indicate an early ?ebre hase in
religion has been erring beteen "onotheis" and attractive
neighbouring deities! Mircea 5liade 20 describes this early hase
as follos(
2Each time the ancient Hebre%s experienced a period
of peace and prosperity they abandoned Jah%eh for the
"aals and the )startes of their neighbours'
20( $n the %acred and the Profane-/he 'ature of Religion< by Mircea 5liade
=+9>< $%&' 94-0-+-920+-+< age +2!
*2

&nly historical catastrophes forced them to return to
Jah%eh0 )nd they cried unto the 7ord and said. 4e
have sinned. because %e have foresa#en the 7ord and
have served "aalim and )staroth' "ut no% deliver us
out of the hands of our enemies and %e %ill serve !hee
@/ Samuel. /

S&eto&id
$n 6i.iedia the entry Svetovid docu"ents the folloing
infor"ation for this deity(
Sventevith. Svetovid. Suvid. Svantevit. Svantovit.
Svantovt. S%antovt. Sventovit. Zvantevith. L%iMto%it.
L%iato%id. Sutvid. Aid' and. incorrectly. L%iato%it. is
the Slavic deity of %ar. fertility and abundance.
sometimes referred to as "eli @or "yaliB Aid. "eli N
%hite. bright. shining

he na"e recorded in chronicles of conte"orary ;hristian
"on.s is %vantevit< hich - roerly transcribed - could be an
adIective "eaning aro)i"ately KDaning ,neK =svantev<
svitanIe Z Kdaning< raising of the %un in the "orningK Y it<
adIective suffi)>! $n later ti"e ;hristians rena"ed %vantevit to
the KdancingK ;hristian saint %t! Ceit!
$n &oo. +* of the Danish History =Historia Danica> %a)o
:ra""aticus describes the sculture at the te"le on to of
;a #r.ona at the northern :er"an island of Rugia =R]gen>!
#ccording to various chronicles the giant ooden sculture of
%vantevit is described as e@uied ith * heads including *
nec.s and a horn of abundance! 5ach year the horn as filled
ith fresh "ead! /o heads ere facing forard to the right
and left< hereas the other to heads ere facing bac.ard to
the right and left!
/he te"le as also the seat of an oracle in hich the chief
riest redicted the future of his tribe by observing the
behaviour of a hite horse identified ith %vantevit and
casting dice =horse oracles have a long history in this region<
being already attested in the ritings of /acitus>! /he te"le
also contained the tribal treasury and as defended by a grou
of 300 "ounted arriors for"ing the core of the tribal ar"ed
forces!
%vantevitEs sculture and te"le at ;a #r.ona have been
destroyed ++4 and the re"ains of the ooden sculture have
i""ediately been burnt in the religious batising festivities at
the conversion to the ;hristianity!
*

The %!ruch idol
/he Bbruch idol

he Zbruch dol is a 9th century sculture and one of the rarest
"onu"ents of re-;hristian %lavic beliefs! /he illar is
co""only associated ith the %lavic deity %vantevit< although
oinions on the e)act "eaning of all the sculting and their
sy"bols differ!
/he Bbruch $dol is a four-sided illar of grey li"estone< 2!
"eters in height< and has three tiers of incisions at each of the
four sides! /he loer tier is c"Q the "iddle tier is *0 c"Q
and the to tier is + c"!
%oon after the discovery< Joachi" Leleel theoriAed the to
tier reresented to bearded "ales and to beardless fe"ales!
&oris Ryba.ov in his or. 1aganism of )ncient ,us =+94>
argued that four sides of the to tier reresent four different
%lavic gods< to fe"ale and to "ale< ith their
corresonding "iddle-tier entities alays of the oosite
gender! Ryba.ov also identified the side ith the "ale figure
holding a horn as the front of the idol< based on the botto"-tier
figure< hich is shon ith legs as if seen fro" head-on< the
to adIoining sides shoing the legs fro" the side< and the
fourth side left blan.!
inally< Ryba.ov believes that the entire idolEs hallic shae is
"eant to unite all of the s"aller figures as a single larger deity
7Rod8!
/he four scultures =nu"bered +

Large upper idols
/he large uer idols all cover their breasts ith their ar"s and
artly hide their androgynous characters!
Sall idols in the iddle
/he s"all idols in the "iddle do not cover their breasts ith
their ar"s and clearly reveal their androgynous characters!
• /he s"all idols nu"bered + and * reveal their breasts
and "ay be identified as fe"ale idols!
• $n contrast the large idols nu"bered 2 and 3 do not
reveal fe"ale breasts and "ay be identified as "ale
idols!
Lo$er pedestal idols
/he loer edestal idols do not see" to reveal any relevant
sy"bolis"!
Androgynous character
/he breasts "ay indicate an har"oniAing =0 "ale and 0
fe"ale> androgynous sy"bolis" in the Bbruch idol sculture!
&oth the *-headed Zbruch dol and the Svantevit sculpture
"ay have e)erienced Pietro :aiettoEs evolutionary transition
fro" 2-headed to *-headed scultures!
*4

The androgynous deity )din
$nterreting Kthe Lusty ManK in the androgynous ;eltic
sculture at &oa $sland in 'orthern $reland e "ay observe the
"ale figure indeed is lusty and e onder hy he cannot turn
around and "ate ith his artner!
Fig' ;0 +ale figure at
"oa sland @east sideB
=the sculture has been dated to the +th century #D>
/he "ale figure ith a hallus underneath his crossed ar"s
see"s to be blind on one eye< hich "ay refer to ,din< ho
as blind at the left eye as ell! ?e gave his left eye to the
giant Mi"ir ho alloed hi" to drin. fro" the source of
isdo"!!!
*9

,din has been identified as an androgynous deity( &din Z the
Raging ,ne< initiated in reyaEs "ysteries and ,ne-5yed
)ndrogyne!
Fig' /0 !he female figure at the
%estside @"oa$slandB
%ource( htt(HH!irish"egaliths!org!u.HA;aldragh!ht"
0

,f course the oor one-eyed "an has been fi)ed in the bac.-tobac.
osition by a roe at the aist< hich fastens the "ale and
the fe"ale figures at their bac.-to-bac.-osition! $ a" not sure
if a roe also fi)es the ar"s of both ersons in a KhellessK
crossed osition< hich ould be a clear indication for
deicting a helless osition! ;rossing ar"s is a usual ay of
deicting ersons in a helless osition!
#lthough it is unclear hether the sculture deicts a s.y-god
=e!g! ,din>< these ideas "ay have been so co""on as to be
used for several deities< including the KLusty ManK!
$f this interretation is considered as correct< the KaK-sy"bol
=or e< _< `< !!!> beteen the "ale letters =$ or G> and the
fe"ale =, or 1> sy"bols in the divine na"e "ay be the KroeKsy"bol
in fi)ing the "ale and fe"ale ele"ents< hich "ust be
released by the s.y-god to re-unite the coule for "ating! $n
this case a< e< _< `< !!! "ay easily all be identifi ed as KlassosK
or as roe-sy"bols!
+

The 4-headed 'reatorgod *rahma
Fig' //0 "rahma carving at a temple in
Halebidu
/he 6i.iedia-entry 7&rah"a8 is docu"enting(
"rahma is the Hindu god @devaB of creation and one of the
!rimurti. the others being Aishnu and Shiva' He is not to be
confused %ith the Supreme Cosmic Spirit in Hindu Aedanta
philosophy #no%n as "rahman' "rahmIs consort is Saras%ati.
the goddess of learning' "rahmI is often identified %ith
1ra8apati. a Aedic deity'
2

he &rah"a carving at a te"le in ?alebidu "ay indicate
androgynous sy"bolis" as the deityEs frontal face reveals a
beard< hereas the left and right faces do not ear beards!
#lso the te"le at the city of Push.ar houses a life-siAed idol
of the *-headed :od!
The 2- or 4-headed androgynous God +anus
#ccording to +acrobius and Cicero< anus 2* and ana are a
air of divinities< orshied as the sun and moon! or this
reasons they ere regarded as the "ain gods and received their
sacrifices before all other deities! anus and anua are variant
for"s of Dianus and Diana! &oth refer to the root of dies KdayK<
deus KgodK =see also 7 Dyæus 8< the $ndo-5uroean %.y-:od>!
Fig' /
3

$n Ro"an "ythology< anus =or anus> as the god of gates<
doors< doorays< of all beginnings and endings! ?is "ost
aarent re"nants in "odern culture are his na"esa.es< the
"onth of January and the careta.er of doors and halls( the
Ianitor! Janus is considered as the :od of all beginnings! $n
Ro"an ser"ons Janus used to be called in the very first lace<
even before Juiter!
/hough he as usually deicted ith to faces loo.ing in
oosite directions =anus (eminus< tin Janus or &i-frons>< in
so"e laces he as Janus ,uadri-frons =the four-faced>!
?is to faces =srcinally< one as alays bearded< one cleanshavenQ
later both bearded> initially reresented the sun and the
"oon< and he as usually shon ith a .ey! /he sun and the
"oon hoever also used to be androgynous sy"bols
reresenting "an resectively o"an!
/he Ro"ans associated Janus ith the 5truscan deity )ni!
?oever< he as one of the fe Ro"an gods ho had no
ready-"ade counterart nor an analogous "ythology! %everal
scholars suggest that he "ay have been the "ost i"ortant god
in the Ro"an archaic antheon( this is reflected in the
aellation anus 1ater. still used in ;lassical ti"es! ?e as
often invo.ed together ith an obviously e@ually androgynous
deity G$piter =Juiter>!
$n :reece e "ay find Janus-li.e heads of gods related to
?er"es< erhas for"ing a co"ound god( ?er"-athena =a
her"e of #thena>< ?er"-ares< ?er"-ahroditus< ?er"-anubis<
?er"-alcibiades< and so on!
*

$n the case of these co"ounds it is disuted hether they
indicated a ?er"e ith the head of #thena< or ith a Janus-li.e
head of both ?er"es and #thena< or a figure co"ounded fro"
both deities! ?oever these bi-faced figures "ay also be seen
as androgynous sy"bols!
,ndrogynous Sculptures in e.ico
Fig' /=0 )ndrogynous couple
@+exicoB
#rchaeologists uncovered nu"erous dual-faced scultures in
Me)ico! /he left sided fe"ale erson in this figure ears a
nec.lace< hereas her "ale artner is so"ehat taller!

- .ody "irroring at .urials
reud stated( Kthat right and left should "ean male and
female see"s @uite obvious!!!K
;hris McManus 2 clearly deicts the syste"atic sche"e in
burials for several cultures! ,bviously the syste" varied fro"
culture to culture< but so"e syste"atic aroach "ay still be
identified! /he earliest left-right sy"bolis" "ay be found at
the burial attern of roto-$ndo-5uroean eoles< the urgans<
ho do"inated 5uroe at the fourth "illeniu" &; and
srcinated fro" the &lac. %ea area!
The /urgan period
urgan => is the Russian ord =of /ur.ic srcin> for
tu"ulus< a tye of burial "ound or barro< heaed over a
"ostly ooden burial cha"ber! $n +9 MariIa :i"butas
introduced her urgan hyothesis co"bining .urgan
archaeology ith linguistics to locate the srcins of the Proto-
$ndo-5uroean =P$5> sea.ing eoles!
$n the urgan eriod dead corses ere buried in a se"i-fle)ed
osition< @uite si"ilar to a foetal osition< to the right or left
side! #s a general rule "ost of the burials identified oosite
sides for "ale and fe"ale ersons! Man and o"an see" to
have been considered as mirrored images! #t the urgan $$$-$C
eriod the bodies of "ale and fe"ale corses ere oriented
east-west < facing to the south! south /he fe"ales ere lying on their
left side and the "ales on their right side! side
2(
Right ?and< Left ?and ( /he ,rigins of #sy""etry in &rains< &odies<
#to"s and S by ;hris McManus =2002>

The *eaker periods
/he burials at the &ea.er eriods are younger than the urgan
eriod of the *th "illenniu" &;! /he &ea.er culture =also
&ell-&ea.er culture< &ea.er eole< or &ea.er fol. 2 >< ca!
200-2000 &;< is the ter" for a idely but sottily scattered
archaeological culture of rehistoric estern 5uroe starting in
the late 'eolithic =stone age> running into the early bronAe age!
• #t the &ea.er $ eriod the bodies of "ale and fe"ale
corses ere oriented north-south< north-south facing to the east ! /he
fe"ales ere lying on their right side and the "ales on
their left side! side
• #t the &ea.er $$ eriod the bodies of "ale and fe"ale
corses ere oriented north-south< north-south facing to the east ! /he
fe"ales ere lying on their right side and the "ales on
their right side! side
•
#t the &ea.er $$$ eriod the bodies of "ale and fe"ale
corses ere oriented east-west < facing to the south! south /he
fe"ales ere lying on their right side and the "ales on
their left side! side
'orded 0are culture
/he ter" K ;orded 6are cultureK =die Schnur#erami##ultur >
as introduced by the :er"an archaeologist riedrich
lofleisch in +443! /he na"e is ta.en fro" cord i"ressions
found on the surface of vessels found in archaeological sites
across a large ortion of central and eastern 5uroe! ;orded
6are culture is associated ith the $ndo-5uroean fa"ily of
languages by "any scientists!
2(
:er"an :loc.enbecher.ultur
4

he K;orded 6are cultureK as a central and eastern 5uroean
heno"enon! $ts estern boundary as the Rhine River! /o the
south it reached the #ls and occuied the 1er Danube River
basin to the "outh of the Morava River!
;arbon-+* dating of the re"aining central 5uroean regions
shos that ;orded 6are aeared after 2440 b! ;! /he ile
settle"ents ith ;orded 6are in the #line foothills< hich
yield the "ost accurate infor"ation< disaeared about 2**0 b!
;! /he years beteen 2300 and 2+00 b! ;! ere a eriod
during hich the ;orded 6are culture ended in "ost regions<
esecially in the southern art of its do"ain =basins of the
Danube< 1er Rhine< 5lbe< and Cistula>! ,nly in the Russian
Plain did it last until 2000 b! ;!
#n i"ortant observation concerned the orientation of the
buried body according to gender! /hroughout ;orded 6are
culture< there as a definite oosition to lacing "en and
o"en in the sa"e ositions in graves!
$nhu"ation occurred under flat ground or belo s"all tu"uli
in a fle)ed ositionQ on the continent males lay on their right
side< side females on the left < ith the faces of both oriented to the
south! south ?oever< in %eden and also arts of northern Poland
the graves ere oriented north-south< north-south "en lay on their left side
and o"en on the right side - both facing east !
,riginally< there as robably a ooden construction< since the
graves are often ositioned in a line! /his is in contrast ith
ractices in Den"ar. here the dead ere buried belo s"all
"ounds ith a vertical stratigrahy( the oldest belo the
ground< the second above this grave< and occasionally even a
third burial above those!
9

,ther tyes of burials are the niche-graves of Poland! :rave
goods for "en tyically included a stone battle-a)e! Pottery in
the shae of bea.ers and other tyes are the "ost co""on
burial gifts< generally sea.ing! ,ften decorated ith cord< but
also incisions and other tyes of i"ressions!
/he aro)i"ately conte"orary &ea.er culture had si"ilar
burial traditions< and together they covered "ost of 6estern
and ;entral 5uroe! 6hile broadly related to the ;orded 6are
culture< the srcins of the &ell-&ea.er fol. are considerably
"ore obscure< and reresent one of the "ysteries of 5uroean
re-history!
,n this basis researchers conclude that the internal
organiAation of the Corded 4are eole as based on a
definite assign"ent of gender roles! /he right to burial as not
e@ual for both genders! /here ere "any "ore "ale burials<
feer fe"ale< but the rarest ere those of children =children
ere often buried together ith an adult>!
"orded are pottery
/he rototye of the "orded are culture< :er"an Schnur-
keraikkultur is found in ;entral 5uroe< "ainly :er"any
and Poland< and refers to the characteristic ottery of the era(
twisted cord as i"ressed into the et clay to create various
decorative atterns and "otifs! $t is .non "ostly fro" its
burials< and both se)es received the characteristic corddecorated
ottery! 6hether "ade of fla) or he"< they had
roe!
$n fact the roe "ay refer to the basic idea of the biblical
eaving technology =&yssus>< hich also has been found at the
chieftainEs grave at ?ochdorf!
0

# roe is a length of fibres< tisted or braided together to
i"rove strength for ulling and connecting! Roe is thic.er
and stronger than si"ilarly constructed cord< line< string< and
tine!
$n a sense of i"roving strength tisted cord "ay have been
used to sy"boliAe the oer of "arriage in hich "ale and
fe"ale artners Ioin forces! /he sy"bolis" has also been
described by /acitus by 7oxen joined in the same yoke”:
2!his they esteem the highest tie. these the holy
mysteries. and matrimonial (ods' !hat the %oman may
not suppose herself free from the considerations of
fortitude and fighting. or exempt from the casualties of
%ar. the very first solemnities of her %edding serve to
%arn her. that she comes to her husband as a partner in
his ha3ards and fatigues. that she is to suffer ali#e %ith
him. to adventure ali#e. during peace or during %ar'
This the oxen joined in the same yoke plainly indicate.
this the horse ready e9uipped. this the present of arms'5
$t is hard to believe the roe used in the orded !are should
"erely reresent so"e decoration instead of sy"boliAing a
divine co""and to Ioin forces by "arriage! /o "e the roe in
the orded !are e@ualiAes the eaving technology in the red
blue clothes to roduce the divine urle colour< hich has
been described in the boo.s 5)odus and ;hronicles!
+

'omparison to the Gagarino idol
&oth the urgan eriod =*th Milleniu" b! ;!> and the K;orded
6are cultureK-eriod =2440 b! ;!-2000 b! ;!> buried their
o"en left sided and their "en right sided as mirrored i"ages<
both facing to%ards the east ! :enerally the buried bodies are
located to face the danEs osition andHor the sun! acing the
east and the south "ay refer to contacting the divine sun and
the sunEs birth at dan!
Fig' /*0 Comparing head$to$head$positions
/hese ositions are e@uivalent to the s"all sculture in ivory of
"a""oth c" +*!4 high found in a Palaeolithic site =evolved
:ravettian< about 2+ at :agarino 2 < 1.raine!
$n this sculture to full-bodied hu"an beings have been
Ioined together by the nec.! # si"ilar androgynous head-tohead-osition
has been found at the
Mosco>!
grave of %ungir =near
2( Cisit the source at( $nstitute for $ce #ges %tudies
2

he bodies are united by the heads< but turned to the oosite
directions! ?ere e could see again the "ystical concet of the
unity of olarity!
1eft-right differences at the Gogo people
/he left-right oriented gender differences "ay be found in
"ore recent languages as ell! $n ;entral /anAania the :ogo
eole define the right hand as mu%o#o %o#ulume< Kthe "ale
handK< hereas the left hand is identified as mu%o#o
%o#uce#ulu< Kthe fe"ale handK!
/he :ogo eole of /anAania ill also define the right side as
• the side the "ale artner lies on during intercourse and
• the side on hich "ale ersons are to be buried!
$n contrast the left side is the side(
•
the fe"ale artner lies on during intercourse and
• on hich fe"ale ersons are to be buried!
3

)chre 2
Ritual ouring ith red ochre has been registered in a great
nu"ber of graves! # discussion aer suggests a reference
beteen biology and red colour ig"ents! Red colour ig"ents
beca"e a sy"bolic vehicle through recogniAing and relating!
/hese develo"ents led to the transfor"ation of red ochre into
hu"an =fe"ale> blood< a basic ele"ent in the sy"bolis" of the
K"otherK revalent in resent-day societies but robably also
develoed by 1er Palaeolithic and successive eoles!
#eferences to androgynous sym!olism
Mirrored burial ositions suggest references to other
androgynous sy"bolis" such as(
• PlatoEs androgynous creation legend
•
/he BoharEs and other biblical androgynous creation
legends
• /he sculture found at Ro@ueertuse
• the ety"ology of the divine na"es =e!g! Dyaeus< $?C?<
$1-iter and d1$>!
• and "any others!!!
#n overvie of these sy"bolis"s ill be docu"ented in the
ne)t chaters of the %cribd-docu"ent /he %.y-:od Dyaeus!
24( Red ,chre and ?u"an 5volution( # ;ase for Discussion
*

Te0t "anuscripts
The %ohar
/he "ain abbalistic ?ebre boo.
Bohar is available at
several on-line-eb-sources! $n the Bohar the sy"bolis" for
the four characters of the sacred /etragra""aton =G?C?
resectively $?C?> is docu"ented as follos(
• /he great &eing in hi"self is both "ale and fe"ale!
#nd ho is ?eW /he eternal ,ne< 5n %oh< the
boundless ,ne< fro" ho" hath roceeded all life and
breath and all things 29 !
• /he to sure"e letters of the divine na"e< G ? are
ruling and do"inating the to re"aining letters< C and
?< that for" their chariot 30 !
•
/he letters yod and he sy"boliAe the father and the
"other 3+
• /he C in the divine na"e $?C? is the son or child of
the arents $ and ?< the ather and the Mother 32
/he first "an #da" has been created androgynous< ith faces
turning one to the right< the other to the left! &oth the "ale and
fe"ale half felt lonely and the halves had to be searated by
:od!
29( %ource( Bohar - ;hater 2
30( %ource( Bohar - ;hater 3
3+( %ource( Bohar - ;hater
32( %ource( Bohar - ;hater +2

he divine &eing decorated the fe"inine half li.e a bride and
did lead her in front of her "ale co"anion to see each other in
the eyes for the very first ti"e(
2!he Holy &ne then separated them and having clothed
the latter in a form most fair and beautiful brought her
to man. as a bride is adorned and led to the
bridegroom' Scripture states that He too# one of the
sides or parts @of the androgynous formB and filled up
the place %ith flesh in its stead' !hen )dam and Eve
ceased to be androgynous and ga3ed into each others
faces. as is the case %ith heaven and earth. the one
reflecting the image of the other5 33 !
/he rainbo rovides a secial covenantEs descrition in a *-
headed and *-colours sche"e< referring divine sy"bolis" to 3
ani"als( lion. the bull and the eagle! /he Bohar docu"ents(
• $t is ter"ed the bo of the covenant< as the ray in the
bo refracting in three others is one ay< so is the
celestial light reflected donard by the fir"a"ent
suorted by the four cherubic for"s of the heavenly or
divine chariot! /herefore it is forbidden to gaAe at the
rainbo that aears in the heaven because thereby the
%che.ina of hich it is an i"age is rofaned!
• #bove the" is the glittering fir"a"ent< hose cardinal
@uarters reflect the i"age of each of their for"s hen
turned toards the"< as also the colours eculiar to
each of the"! /hey are the for"s of a lion< an bull< an
eagle and a "an!
33( %ource( Bohar - ;hater +

$n three of these< the hu"an countenance is so
ro"inent< that the lion rese"bles a lion-"an and so
ith the to others< that are ter"ed the eagle-"an< the
bull-"an< and thus as scriture states< E/hey four had
the face of a "an!E 3*
#s the fir"a"ent as above the" it not only reflected
their for"s but also the colours eculiar to each of the"
and that corresond to the four letters of the sacred
na"e $! ?! C! ?! and visible to "an< as green< red< hite
and blue 3 !
# father- and a "other-sy"bol clearly identify the *-headed
idol as an androgynous sy"bol and there cannot be any doubt
the androgynous deity En Soph should create an androgynous
creature #da" as an i"age of the androgynous Kather and
MotherK-;reator god!
The (atres Lectionis
$n the selling of ?ebre and so"e other %e"itic languages<
+atres 7ectionis =? < refer to the use of certain consonants to
indicate a voel! /he letters that do this in ?ebre are
aleh< he< a =or vav> and yod =or yud>! /he yod and
%a% in articular are "ore often voels than they are
consonants!
3*( 5A! +(+0
3( %ource( Bohar - ;hater
3( Latin( K"others of readingK

he four letters or the /etragra""aton are usually
transliterated fro" ?ebre as(
• $?C? in Latin<
• J?6? in :er"an< rench and Dutch< and
• G?6? in 5nglish!
#ccording to the entry 7/etragra""aton8 in the 5nglish
6i.iedia the third character KCK "ust be read as a laceholder
for an K,KHK1K voel! Most co""only in alying this
rule of the Matres Lectionis< the God indicates $ or 5< hile
Cav indicates , or 1!
$f the third character KCK resectively K6K is to be a laceholder
for K,KHK1K voel< the /etragra""aton "ay Iust as
ell be reduced to the basic androgynous $1-core< in hich the
first character K$K is a "ale and the third character KCK =or K1K>
reresents the fe"ale ele"ent! # core $1 in a divine na"e
directly refers to $1-iterEs core K$1K and /uiscoEs core K1$K<
hich both are e@uivalent androgynous sy"bols!
/his thesis hoever contradicts to the BoharEs e)lanation< in
hich K$K is the "ale and K?K reresents the fe"ale ele"ent!
&oth letters K?K =?e> in the /etragra""aton hoever do not
see" to contribute to the religious androgynous sy"bolis"!
#uthors ho define the /etragra""atonEs letter K?K as a "ain
fe"ale sy"bol already lost the .ey to sy"bolis"< hich
obviously has haened in the eb-version of the Bohar and in
the abbala by Paus!
4

$n contrast ?elena &lavats.y correctly interreted the
androgynous sy"bolis" in J?C? 3 < @uoting(
:4e #no% from the e%ish records that the )r#
contained a table of stone' ' ' ' that stone %as phallic.
and yet identical %ith the sacred name ehovah ' ' '
%hich %ritten in un$pointed Hebre% %ith four letters. is
$E$A$E or HAH @the H being merely an aspirate and
the same as EB' !his process leaves us the t%o letters
and A @in another form GBO then if %e place the in the
G %e have the Holy of HoliesO %e also have the
7ingha and Joni and )rgha of the Hindus. the svara
and supreme 7ordO and here %e have the %hole secret
of its mystic and arc$celestial import. confirmed in itself
by being identical %ith the 7inyoni of the )r# of the
Covenant': = '
3( @uoting ?argrave JenningsE Phallicis"( ;elestial and /errestrial=! > in
her boo. /he %ecret Doctrine =ublished +444>!
34(
1age /

#ashi3s and #ash!am3s Genesis
/he folloing @uotations describe the relevant lines in :enesis(
Rashi.s &enesis
2(od as udge. alone %ithout the angels. created the human
being. by hand. in a mold %hich %as li#e the mold %ith %hich a
seal is made or li#e the die from %hich a coin is produced. and
%hich had been specially crafted for the human being' n a
mold %hich %as a hologram image of (od. (od created the
human being' &ne being %hich %as both male and female and
%hich %as subse9uently divided into t%o beings. (od created
them5 39 !
Rashba.s &enesis
(od said. 7et us ma#e humanity in our ange lic image. li#e us
in %isdom' !he humans shall rule the fish of the sea. the bird s
of the heaven. the domestic animals. and all the earth. as %ell
as the creeping things %hich creep over the earth' (od created
humanity in the angelic imageO in the image of the angels. (od
created humanityO (od included the %oman in the man and
separated them later *0 !
39( Rabbi Rashi +0*0-++0< northern 5uroe =chater 2>
*0( Rasba"< RashiEs :reat :randson< +04-++*< northern 5uroe =;h! 2>
0

Plato3s *an$uet Symposium5
/he first author< ho clearly describes androgynous religion< is
the :ree. hilosoher Plato< ublishing his fa"ous "anuscrit
ith the na"e Symposium around 340 b! ;!< in hich he
docu"ents the creation of an androgynous hu"an race! /he
boo. contains si) seeches< but e ill esecially be interested
in the fourth seech of this series< the seech by #ristohanes!
#ristohanes describes ho "an.ind in early days e)isted in
another for"< co"letely different fro" today! /heir hu"an
bodies see" to have been living in airs< being Ioined bac. to
bac.< hereas their dual faces ere loo.ing into oosite
directions< unable to see each other! Plato discerns the
folloing dual co"binations( "an-o"an< o"an-o"an<
"an-"an and he defines the" as ;hildren of the Moon< 5arth
or %un resectively!
/hese dual corses ere e)tre"ely strong and they had high
a"bitions li.e rising u to the ,ly"ic Mountain< into the
house of gods! /hey really did sread fear a"ong the divine
fa"ily and Beus did not .no< ho to solve the roble"!
/hen< in a bright "o"ent< he solved the roble" by slitting
the dual corses each into coules( "an and o"an< "an and
"an< o"an and o"an! %litting the dual corses also as
advantageous in doubling "an.ind and halving their strength
si"ultaneously!
#fter halving these individuals< the "ale and fe"ale
individuals i""ediately and deserately started searching their
co"le"entary art! ?aving found their srcinal artner they
ould cling to these halves and refuse to ever let their artner
go!
+

his ay individual hu"ans are attracted in airs by a strange
force called love and yet those ho cling to each other for a
lifeti"e cannot e)lain for hat reason they need each other
that "uch! /he reason of course is our for"er co"osition of
dual corses< hich "ust be Ioined to re-unite!
male-male
“Adam”
male-female
“Adam”
Dra%ing /0 Four$headed )dam$+odel
$n order to generate the three co"binations "an-o"an< "an-
"an and o"an-o"an as roosed by Plato< e ill need a
*-headed structure according to the revious draing!
/he "ale-"ale-air ill result in a ho"ose)ual coule hereas
the "ale-fe"ale-air ill generate the nor"al androgynous
resectively heterose)ual coule! /he third o"an-o"an-
air has not been sy"boliAed for clarity!
&asically this structure "ay be a reason for alying *-headed
godheads!
2

he :ree. hilosoher Plato as the first author to rite don
the co""on creation legends of ancient eras! $t "ay have been
a sacrilege to ublish these religious details in the oen-"inded
orld of ?ellas< but Plato Iust describes androgynous eole
and not an androgynous Deity! ?e leaves no doubt about the
sure"acy of god Beus< ho re"ains the oerful "asculine
ruler in ?ellas u till ;hristianity!
%trange as it "ay see" e "ay identify a great nu"ber of
androgynous deities a"ong the "ain $ndo-5uroean gods!
$n $ndo-5uroean deities and in ancient scultures e cannot
identify any argu"ent against the thesis all ancient creator-gods
reveal an androgynous character! /his thesis ill be analysed in
the ne)t chater of this boo.!
3

*

The .ible
Sym!olic codings in the *i!le
Jere"iah ben 5leaAar *+ < a Palestinian scholar of the 2 nd century
=living a fe centuries after Plato>< inferred fro" Ps! c)))i)!
that #da" as created with two faces" one of a man and one
of a woman < and that :od afterard cleft the" asunder =E5r!
+4a>! $n :en! R! viii! + this oinion is ascribed to #amuel $.
%a&man

he :ree. ?er"ahroditus reresented by statues and on
old ge"s< in hich reresentations< hoever< bise)uality is
scarcely indicatedhas re"ained strange to the 5ast and
totally un.non to the Jes!
$n all the arallel assages in the /al"ud< the oinion of
%a"uel b! 'a"an alone revails< for e find regularly #da"
=bifrons< double-fronted>< as< for e)a"le( E5r! +4 a< &er! + a<
etc! * !
/he oinion e)ressed by Jere"iah is< hoever< very old and
ide-sread< for e find the fathers of the ;hristian ;hurch at
ains to refute this KJeish fableKQ #ugustine rites against it
in his co""entary on :enesis< ad loc' ch! 22! %trabos< agreeing
ith #ugustine< declares this oinion to be one of the
Kda"nat_ Jud_oru" fabul_!K
,thers revive the @uestion< and %i)tus %enensis in his
K&ibliotheca %acraK devotes to it a secial chater * ! #n
alche"ic interretation has been given to K#da" androgynus

$n androgynous religion the coding sche"a defines the
folloing basic sy"bols(
• red H scarlet H cri"son Z the fe"ale =Z yin> sy"bol
• blue Z the "ale =Z yang> sy"bol< individually to be
used for the riests
•
urle Z the androgynous H Ioined H "atri"onial sy"bol
• &yssus< fine linen< fro" ?ebre bPQ Efine linenE<
referring to fine linen and tined "aterial
• tine Z intensely Ioining ="arriage< the "atri"onial
coule>
• rainbo Z divine sy"bol in :enesis ith itEs bordering
colours red and blue
/he no folloing &iblical coding syste" in tining and
colouring can be understood by co"aring the identical
technology and colouring syste" for the clothes and toels in
the burial to"b at ?ochdorf at the river 5nA< %outhern
:er"any!
#ook E/odus
!01 3 /his is the offering hich you shall ta.e fro" the"( gold<
silver< brass< *
blue
ue' purp
rple' scar
arlet< fine linen < goatsN hair<
ra"sN s.ins dyed red' sea co hides< acacia ood< oil for the
light< sices for the anointing oil and for the seet incense<
ony) stones< and stones to be set for the ehod and for the
breastlate!

!21 7Moreover you shall "a.e the tent ith ten curtainsQ of
fine t$ined linen< and blue' and purple' and scarlet < ith
cherubi"! /he or. of the s.illful or."an you shall "a.e
the"!
* Gou shall "a.e loos of blue on the edge of the one curtain
fro" the edge in the coulingQ and li.eise shall you "a.e in
the edge of the curtain that is out"ost in the second couling!
+* Gou shall "a.e a covering for the tent of ra"sN s.ins dyed
red< and a covering of sea co hides above!
3+ 7Gou shall "a.e a veil ofblue' and purple' and scarlet< and
fine t$ined linen < ith cherubi"! /he or. of the s.illful
or."an shall it be "ade!
3 7Gou shall "a.e a screen for the door of the /ent< of blue'
and purple' and scarlet < and fine t$ined linen< the or. of
the e"broiderer! 3 Gou shall "a.e for the screen five illars of
acacia< and overlay the" ith gold( their hoo.s shall be of
gold( and you shall cast five soc.ets of brass for the"!
!31 9 7Gou shall "a.e the court of the tent( for the south side
southard there shall be hangings for the court of fine t$ined
linen one hundred cubits long for one side( +0 and the illars of
it shall be tenty< and their soc.ets tenty< of brassQ the hoo.s
of the illars and their fillets shall be of silver!
+ or the gate of the court shall be a screen of tenty cubits< of
blue' and purple' and scarlet< and fine t$ined linen< the or.
of the e"broidererQ their illars four< and their soc.ets four!
+4 /he length of the court shall be one hundred cubits< and the
breadth fifty every here< and the height five cubits< of fine
t$ined linen< and their soc.ets of brass!
4

!41 /hey shall ta.e the gold< and the blue< and the purple<
and the scarlet< and the fine linen ! 7/hey shall "a.e the
ehod of gold< of blue' and purple' scarlet' and fine t$ined
linen< the or. of the s.ilful or."an!
$t shall have to
shoulder-ieces Ioined to the to ends of it< that it "ay be
Ioined together! 4 /he s.ilfully oven band< hich is on it< that
is on hi"< shall be li.e its or. and of the sa"e ieceQ of gold<
of blue' and purple' and scarlet< and fine t$ined linen!
+ 7Gou shall "a.e a breastlate of Iudg"ent< the or. of the
s.ilful or."anQ li.e the or. of the ehod you shall "a.e itQ
of gold< of blue' and purple' and scarlet < and fine t$ined
linen< shall you "a.e it!
24 /hey shall bind the breastlate by the rings of it to the rings
of the ehod ith a lace of blue< that it "ay be on the s.illfully
oven band of the ehod< and that the breastlate "ay not
sing out fro" the ehod!
501 /a.e fro" a"ong you an offering to Gaheh! 6hoever is
of a illing heart< let hi" bring it< GahehNs offering( gold<
silver< brass<
blue' purple' scarlet' fine linen' goatsN hair<
ra"sN s.ins dyed red< sea co hides< acacia ood< 4 oil for the
light< sices for the anointing oil and for the seet incense<
9 ony) stones< and stones to be set for the ehod and for the
breastlate!
23 5veryone< ith ho" as found blue' purple' scarlet' fine
linen< goatsN hair< ra"sN s.ins dyed red< and sea co hides<
brought the"!
2 #ll the o"en ho ere ise-hearted sun ith their hands<
and brought that hic h they had sun< the blue' the purple'
the scarlet< and the fine linen!
9

3 ?e has filled the" ith isdo" of heart< to or. all "anner
of or."anshi< of the engraver< of the s.illful or."an< and
of the e"broiderer< in blue' in purple' in scarlet' and in fine
linen< and of the eaver< even of those ho do any
or."anshi< and of those ho "a.e s.illful or.s!
521 4 #ll the ise-hearted "en a"ong those ho did the or.
"ade the tent ith ten curtainsQ of fine t$ined linen' blue'
purple' and scarlet' ith cherubi"< the or. of the s.illful
or."an< they "ade the"!
++ ?e "ade loos of blue on the edge of the one curtain fro"
the edge in the couling!
3 ?e "ade the veil of blue' purple' scarlet' and fine t$ined
linen( ith cherubi"! ?e "ade it the or. of a s.illful
or."an!
3 ?e "ade a screen for the door of the tent< of blue' purple'
scarlet' and fine t$ined linen< the or. of an e"broidererQ
54
+4 /he screen for the gate of the court as the or. of the
e"broiderer< of blue' purple' scarlet' and fine t$ined linen!
23 6ith hi" as ,holiab< the son of #hisa"ach< of the tribe of
Dan< an engraver< and a s.illful or."an< and an e"broiderer
in blue' in purple' in scarlet< and in fine linen!
56
,f the blue' purple' and scarlet' they "ade finely or.ed
gar"ents< for "inistering in the holy lace< and "ade the holy
gar"ents for #aronQ as Gaheh co""anded Moses! 2 ?e "ade
the ehod of gold<
blue' purple' scarlet' and fine
t$ined
40

linen! 3 /hey beat the gold into thin lates< and cut it into ires<
to or. it in the blue' in the purple' in the scarlet < and in the
fine linen < the or. of the s.illful or."an!
* /hey "ade
shoulder-ieces for it< Ioined together! #t the to ends it as
Ioined together! /he s.illfully oven band that as on it< ith
hich to fasten it on< as of the sa"e iece< li.e its or.Q of
gold< of blue' purple' scarlet < and fine
Gaheh co""anded Moses!
t$ined
linen
enQ as
4 ?e "ade the breastlate< the or. of a s.illful or."an< li.e
the or. of the ehodQ of gold< of
fine t$ined linen!
blue' purple' scarlet < and
2+ /hey bound the breastlate by its rings to the rings of the
ehod ith a lace of blue< that it "ight be on the s.illfully
oven band of the ehod< and that the breastlate "ight not
co"e loose fro" the ehod< as Gaheh co""anded Moses!
22?e "ade the robe of the ehod of oven or.< all of blue
blue!
2* /hey "ade on the s.irts of the robe o"e granates of blue'
purple' scarlet< and t$ined linen!
2 /hey "ade the coats of fine linen of $o%en $ork for #aron<
and for his sons<
24 and the turban of fine linen< and the linen
headbands of fine linen< and the linen breeches of fine t$ined
linen<
29 and the sash of fine t$ined linen < and blue' and
purple' and scarlet < the or. of the e"broiderer< as Gaheh
co""anded Moses!
30/hey "ade the late of the holy cron of ure gold< and
rote on it a riting< li.e the engravings of a signet( 7?,LG
/, G#?65?!8 3+ /hey tied to it a lace of blue< to fasten it on
the turban above< as Gaheh co""anded Moses!
4+

The Second #ook of "hronicles
or the eole of $srael the te"le had been created by
Gaheh< ho revealed his lans to his chosen *4 ! /hus Gaheh
said to Moses(
K#nd let the" "a.e "e a sanctuaryQ that $ "ay dell a"ong
the"K *9
#nd as David is handing out the lans for the te"le-buildings<
the tabernacle and all the utensils to his son %olo"on he
assures hi" that(
Kall this !!! the Lord "ade "e understand in riting by his hand
uon "eK 0 !
#nd %olo"on confir"s to G?6?(
K/hou hast co""anded "e to build a te"le uon /hy holy
"ount< and an altar in the city herein /hou dellest< a
rese"blance of the holy tabernacle hich /hou hast reared
fro" the beginningK + !
#lthough the ;ovenant /ent and the /e"le reveal a
co"letely different character it "ay be noted that :odEs
rescrition for the colouring code re"ains identical to both
David and %olo"on! /he %econd &oo. of ;hronicles reorts(
*4( Mircea 5liade< $n the %acred and the Profane-/he 'ature of Religion!
*9( 5)odus +

! 'o therefore send "e a "an s.ilful to or. in gold< and in
silver< and in brass< and in iron< and in
purple' and crison'
and blue' and ho .nos ho to engrave all manner of
engravings< to be ith the s.ilful "en ho are ith "e in
Judah and in Jerusale"< ho" David "y father did rovide!
3 +3 'o $ have sent a s.illful "an< endoed ith
understanding< of ?ura" "y fatherNs< +* the son of a o"an of
the daughters of DanQ and his father as a "an of /yre< s.illful
to or. in gold< and in silver< in brass< in iron< in stone< and in
ti"ber< in purple' in blue' and in fine linen' and in crison'
also to engrave any "anner of engraving< and to devise any
deviceQ that there "ay be a place aointed to hi" ith your
s.illful "en< and ith the s.illful "en of "y lord David your
father!
'ategori6ing *i!les
/he colour codings in the "edieval &ibles "ay be discerned
and categoriAed in several ays! $n order to statistically analyse
the great nu"ber of codices available the #ustrian 'ational
Library $ decided to study the boo. 7Die r`chtigsten
&ibeln 2 8!
/he "ost e)ensive codices used a vellu" "ade of shees.in
coloured in urle and ritten ith sar.ling golden and silver
or hite in.! /he urle colour had been a divine sy"bol<
hich had also been reserved by Ro"an e"erors< ho of
course had ro"oted the"selves to deities!
2( Die r`chtigsten &ibeln by #ndreas ingernagel
ublished 2004< $%&'( 94-3-43-029-
43

'or"al codices had to be ritten in bron or blac. in.s!
%ecial toics used to be highlighted in gold< or in a
relace"ent yello colours "ade fro" arsenic sulfides!
Most of the coloured "anuscrits ere using red and blue for
decorations! /hese decorations hoever "ay very ell be
referring to secial religious sy"bols< hich "ay beco"e clear
in the folloings chaters! /he folloing categorisation "ay
aly in the study of colouring asects(
• e)ensive codices =in urle< gold< silver and hite>
• red and blue coloured codices
• non red and blue coloured codices =the Rado-&ible>
• non coloured codices =si"ler "anuscrits>
#s already described in the secified revious boo.s the
overhel"ing alication of the colours red and blue see"s to
be referring to the reviously described relevant colouring
codes in the te)ts of the Pentateuch andHor androgynous
sy"bolis" as docu"ented in the eb-"anuscrit( /he %.y-
:od Dy_us! #n overvie of other details referring to the
sy"bolis" in the colouring codes of red. blue and purple "ay
be found in( /he unda"ental colour %y"bols &lue and Red!
The )ado-*i$le
#s far as $ see there is one e)cetion to standard colouring
sche"e! /he ,ado$"ible or Carolingial "ible created around
40 #D 3 is using another sche"e by alying green< red and
yello in their initial lettering sy"bols! ,bviously the "on.s
ho created this early code) did not .no or follo the
colouring standards< hich have been alied in later years!
3( 'orthern rance
4*

#ed 7 !lue Initials
Most of the biblical codices have been coied fro" earlier
"anuscrits and they see" to have folloed strict rules in
deicting the biblical sy"bolis"! #n early code) is na"ed the
&olognese &ible ith orna"ental initials referring to St' 1auls
letter to 1hilemon ( $n fact the colours red and blue revail in
this age at the initials< in the heading line at the toside of the
ages and in the decorations at the side of the ages!
*ackground colours
#lternating red and blue bac.grounds in the &ible =:oslar
5vangeliar< ca! +2*0 #D> "ay also be referring to androgynous
sy"bolis" in the &ible!
"eading lines
:enerally the heading lines are seen to alternate blue and red
letters! #lthough "ost lines start ith a red letter the syste"
does not see" to select a secial colour for the very beginning
of the headlines as "ay be observed in an overvie of headerlines!
Initial lines
,bviously the initial lines are folloing the sa"e colouring
code in alternating red and blue letters! /hese lines start ith
an initial letter hich co"bines several colours< including red
and blue letters!
4

Fig' />0 Headerlines from several medieval "ibles
4

%o"e codices are alying alternating red and blue letters for
long te)ts covering a nu"ber of lines!
#s a re"ar.able fact :odEs i"age * also co"bines a red and
blue gar"ent!
Fig' /?0 nitial )ncient History @/*th CenturyB
$nitial for the letter L Z 7iber (enerationis including a nu"ber
of blue and red and yello =golden> decorations!
/he 1trechter 7historical8 &ible fro" 5vert van %oudenbalch
=in Dutch language> does contain a great nu"ber of initials
co"bining blue and red colouring codes in singular letters!
*( hile giving the blessings
( ;ode) 22< fol! +94v =$$$ Maccabeoru" Z Josehus lavius<
#nti@uitates X$$$-XC$>
4

1a 8i&ina 'ommedia
5ven DanteEs "anuscrit starts ith a coloured line 7a Divina
C ommed ia(
Fig' /60 7a Divina Commedia
44

he initials of the first line aly urle and golden orna"ental
letters! /he te)t no follos ith alternating letters at the first
lines of the Divina ;o""edia(
EL ME Z
ZO
DE L
CA
MMI
N
DI NOST R A V IT A
Nmi ritrovai per una selva oscura,
...
,bviously the initial letters for each line are chosen as to
referably alternate the front line of the age as ell!
Dante #lighieriEs code) for the Divina Commedia =+304> has
been ritten using initials in alternating red and blue colours!
/his "ethod "ay be co"ared to the coding rules in riting a
"edieval &ible!!!
49

The wea+ing of words
#ccording to the basic rinciles of androgynous religion
"ost "edieval &ibles referred the colours red and blue as
religious sy"bols for orna"ents!
:od sa the light< and sa that it as good! :od divided the
light
dar.ness
fro"
he
the
called
dar.ness!
'ight! /his
:od
is
called
the first
the
sy"bolic
light Day<
division
and the
in
hich the colour red sy"boliAes the daylight and the sun<
hereas blue sy"boliAes the "oon and the tilight! /he
e+ening correlating to ,+e "ay be corresonding to the fe"ale
ele"ent and the daylight to the "ale sy"bol of creation!
/he folloing layout for the &oo. :enesis e)lains the basic
idea of eaving ords li.e hu"an beings sy"boliAed by "ale
and fe"ale ersons as "arried coules!
$nitially "an had started as a coule of to individuals
coloured red and blue< hich had to "ultily! /he individuals
gre to a large nu"ber of hu"an beings hich inter"i)ed to
urle coloured "asses!
/he ords have been ritten in alternating colours red and
blue suggesting a groth of the oulation by decreasing the
letter siAe fro" 3 to * oints! /he last lines ill not be rinted
in alternating red and blue< but in lain urle colours!
%o"e srcinal ictures fro" "edieval &ibles illustrate the idea
as a "edieval concet for coding the basic sy"bolis" the the
ancient "anuscrits! /he eaving of ords corresonds to the
high density eaving of the burial gar"ents in blue red for
the sovereign at ?ochdorf< hich fro" a distance ill also be
seen as a urle gar"ent!
90

he folloing e)a"le alies a *-oint siAed :enesis te)t in
,ld 5nglish /e)t M/ over 2 #-siAed ages to de"onstrate the
illusion of a urle coloured te)t< enclosed inside to
headerlines of the orcAe.-&ible =Prag- around +*+0>!
Fig' /0 Headerline Korc3e#$"ible @1rag$ around /*/B
Fig' /;0 Headerline Korc3e#$"ible @1rag$ around /*/B
'omplementary phases in #ed and *lue
%i) divine creation hases see" to correlate to splitting hases<
hich "ay correlate to sy"bolic colours! /he created obIects
"ay be listed in the correct se@uence of occurrence! 5)cet for
the fishes< the birds and "an all red coloured sy"bols see" to
occur in the first lace! /raditionally "ale and fe"ale ersons
have been sy"boliAed by different colours< but the correct
definition has been blurred in the course of ti"e!
( +(+ #fter 7:od as a gra""atical "ar.er!
9+

+ay 7irst entioned Last entioned
+ light - ay
2 waters under the expanse
sea / salt water0
darkness - %ight
waters a$o+e the expanse
rain / sweet water0
3 ,arth #eas
* greater light sun-day0
waters fishes0
man male0
man male0
lesser light moon-night0
earth $irds0
man female0
man female0
!able blue!
( +(+ #fter 7:od as a gra""atical "ar.er!
92

A second day
:od said< 7Let ther e be an e)anse in the "idst of the ater s<
and let it divide the ater s f r o" the ater s!8 :od "ade the
e)anse< and divided the ater s hich er e under the
expanse f r o" the ater s hich er e a$o+e the expanse< expanse and it
as so! :od called the e)anse s. y! /her e as evening and
ther e as "or ning< a second day!
Fig'

A third day
:od said< 7Let the ater s under the s. y be gather ed together to
one lace< and let the dr y land aear

A fifth day
:od said< 7Let the waters sar" ith sar"s of living
creatures< and let birds fly above the earth in the oen e)anse
of s.y!8 :od created the large sea creatures< and every living
creature that "oves< ith hich the aters sar"ed< after their
.ind< and every inged bird after its .ind! :od sa that it as
good! :od blessed the"< saying< 7&e fruitful< and "ultily<
and fill the waters in the seas< and let birds "ultily on the
earth!8 /here as evening and there as "orning< a fifth day!
/here hardly can be any doubt in defining the earth red and the
seas blue!
A si/th day
:od said< 7Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their
.ind< cattle< creeing things< and ani"als of the earth after their
.ind

he overvie of the si)th day reveals only a singular splitting
phase at this si)th day( the searation of the first hu"an being
man into a male and female erson< hich is to be described in
:enesis later!
:od said< 7&ehold< $ have given you every herb yielding seed<
hich is on the surface of all the earth< and every tree< hich
bears fruit yielding seed! $t ill be your food! /o every ani"al
of the earth< and to every bird of the s.y< and to everything that
crees on the earth< in hich there is life< $ have given every
green herb for food!8 #nd it as so! :od sa everything that
he had "ade< and< behold< it as very good! /here as evening
and there as "orning< the si)th day!
A se%enth day
/he heavens and the earth ere finished< and all the host of
the"! ,n the seventh day :od finished his or. hich he had
"adeQ and he rested on the seventh day fro" all his or.
hich he had "ade! :od blessed the seventh day< and "ade it
holy< because he rested in it fro" all his or. hich he had
created and "ade!
9

The di&ine garments
&arents for the "reator &od
/he ;reator :od ill often ear red and blue colour
co"binations #dditionally yello in either is the used gar"ents to indicate or the headEs gold as decorations a recious !
sy"bol!
4
Fig'
9

Please note the uer line in alternating blue and red letters
illustrating the ;reator :od in 7&ibles "oralisUes8 =dated
+2>
&arents for Jesus "hrist
#lso the gar"ents for Jesus ;hrist ill often aly red and
blue or urle co"binations as seen in the folloing e)a"le
fro" 7%eculu" ?u"anae %alvationis8 =dated +33>(
Fig'

'reation of ,dam and resol&ing 9&e
Most of the creation hases deict a full-gron and adult 5ve<
hich is being resolved fro" the bac.side =in fact the correct
translation for the bac.-side> of the androgynous #da"!
/he ;reator often ears either a urle or hite gar"ent or is
dressed in a red and blue co"bination! 6e ill deict a fe of
these creation hases(
/he folloing table lists an overvie of the =+> "ain
illustrated codices available at the ?M in Cienna! 5)cet for
the Rado-&ible these "anuscrits ill alays aly so"e
co"binations of red and blue< hich ill be found in the
header-lines< in the initials< in the gar"ents and in the other
decorations!
99

;ode) Gear Main colours colours in
headers and
initials
Divine
gar"ents
Cienna 0 redHblueHhite - redHblueH
hite
Rado 4 GelloHredH
green
GelloHredH
green
-
Paris +20 redHblue red blue redHblue
#d"ont ++0 redHblueHgreen red redHblue
Lilienfeld +22 redHblueHgreen red blue redHgreen
re"s +2 redHblue red blue redHblue
6enAel +390 redHblueHgold redHblueHgold redHblue
orcAe. +*00 urleHgreenH
gold
red blue
urle
'eael +30 redHblue red blue hite
5berler +** redHblueHgreen red redHblueH
green
%chreier +*2 redHblueHgreen red blue redHurleH
green
1trecht +*30 redHblueHgold red Q initials in
red blue
urle
?ierony"os
+*44 redHblueHgold red blue redHblue
1trecht +*0 redHblueHgreen red Q initials in
red blue
urle
Paris +22 redHblueHgold redHblue
Dante 9 +304 redHblueHgold redHblue redHblue
!able =0 Categorisation of medieval "ibles
9( Catican ;ode) of La Divina ;o""edia =aro)i"ately +304>
+00

The di&ine image in the early iddle ,ge
5arly biblical sy"bolis" describes :od as a "an hidden in the
s.y< inside the sun or in a cloud! /he folloing i"age found in
the Cienna &ible fro" the si)th century sy"boliAes :od as a
red-coloured "an sending yello-golden sun-rays to Joseh<
lying on his bed! /he "oon does contain a blue-coloured
o"an ith co-horns li.e an 5gytian deity! /he stars have
been ainted li.e asteris.s in an 5gytian grave!
Fig'

#nother ainting in the Cienna-code) sy"boliAes :od as a redcoloured
hand fro" the s.y reaching to a rainbo and sending
a signal to 'oah and his relatives!
Fig'

#t the northern side of the #ls the genders are reversed! $n
:er"an language the sun is fe"ale and the "oon is a "ale
sy"bol! /he "edieval &ibles see" to deict the "ale "oon as
a blue obIect< hich ill also refer to the blue colourings for
the arriorsE faces as docu"ented by Julius ;aesar in 7De
&ello :allico8!
/his leaves the identification for the "ale and fe"ale sy"bols
oen! /here "ay be a clear distinction in gender sy"bolis"
beteen red and blue< but e cannot be sure hich gender is to
be attributed to the basic colours! #s fas as $ can see red see"s
to have been "ale in southern areas =e!g! 5gyt> hereas red
"ay have been fe"ale in northern areas =e!g! :er"any>! ,f
course the blue colours ill alays refer to the oosite
gender< hereas urle is a divine "i)ture of red and blue!
+03

+0*

1 The gar(
r(ents
, language for icons
$n the icons of 5astern ,rthodo)y< and of the 5arly Medieval
6est< very little roo" is "ade for artistic license! #l"ost
everything ithin the i"age has a sy"bolic asect! ;hrist< the
saints< and the angels all have halos! #ngels =and often John the
&atist> have ings because they are "essengers! igures have
consistent facial aearances< hold attributes ersonal to the"<
and use a fe conventional oses!
# fe colours lay an i"ortant role( gold< urle< red< blue
and hite! Jesus ears red undergar"ent ith a blue outer
gar"ent =:od beco"e ?u"an> and Mary ears a blue
undergar"ent ith a red uer gar"ent! Letters are sy"bols
too! Most icons incororate so"e calligrahic te)t na"ing the
erson or event deicted< often resented in a styliAed "anner!
$n later 6estern deictions< "uch of the sy"bolis" survives<
though there is far less consistency!
#n icon of ,ur Lady of C3estocho%a< one of the national
sy"bols of Poland 0 ! $n religious icons colour lays an
i"ortant role< esecially gold< red< blue and hite! Jesus
;hrist ears red undergar"ent ith a $lue outer gar"ent and
Mary ears a $lue undergar"ent ith ared
outer gar"ent!
0( ree hotograh fro" 6i.iedia!
+0

Fig' 0 &ur 7ady of
C3estocho%a
$n the icons of 5astern ,rthodo)y< and of the 5arly Medieval
6est< very little roo" is "ade for artistic license! #l"ost
everything ithin the i"age has a sy"bolic asect! $n later
6estern deictions< "uch of the sy"bolis" survives< though
there is far less consistency! %o"e icons ill also urle
gar"ents as a alternative and as a "i)ture for red and blue!
aria3s medie&al garments
$n "edieval aintings the gar"ents for Maria see" to have
been structured in a standard coloring sche"e! $n "ost
aintings the outer gar"ent reveals a blue robe< hereas the
inner gar"ent or alies a red "aterial! %o"eti"es an
additional yello veil or toel ill be used! /hese statistics
"ay easily be chec.ed in a ell sulied art "useu" such as
the Pina.othe.-"useu" in Munich

#rtor. has "ainly be selected rando"ly fro" #rtor. fro"
# till B ith +200 aintings + ! #s blac. is a very seldo" color
in oil aintings so"e of the colouring "ay srcinally have been
dar. blue< hich in the course of the centuries transfor"ed into
blac.!
#nalysis of 33 selected aintings ranging fro" +29 u to +934
reveals 2+ "atches for standard co"ositions< hich is
e@uivalent to aro)i"ately ! #ccording to the table
aintings created fro" +400 u to today do not follo the
general standard co"osition rules< hich suggests the
sy"bolis" "ay have been lost around the end of the +4th
century! ,f course these coloring conventions "ay have been
derived fro" the &ible< hich rescribes red and blue and
urle for religious gar"ents 2 !
/his statistical analysis "erely includes one ainting for an
artists and "ay not be a neutral research base! #nother
aroach ill be based on a database ith =noncoyrighted>
Masterieces 3 ! 5valuation of all +0 aintings *
for artists ith na"es starting ith a letters #7 resectively
&7 result in the folloing 0 aintings ith a Maria-deiction!
#nalysis of these 0 selected aintings ranging fro" +30 u
to +00 reveals 3* "atches for standard co"ositions< hich is
e@uivalent to aro)i"ately ! &oth "ethods for analysis
result in aro)i"ately of standard colours =red for the
inner robe and blue for the outer robe> for Mary!
+( %childer.unst van # tot B< $%&'( 903090< 9490309
2( see the revious chater of the &ible and the %ehiroth!
3( Die virtuelle :e"`ldegalerie< $%&'( 3-932**--X
*( 9 of a total of aintings
+0

his is a re"ar.able roof for the theory that fro" Middle
#ges MaryEs gar"ents have been folloing a standard
colouring syste"!
The garments in the anessa 'ode.
$n Middle #ge the royal gar"ents corresonded to the rules for
icon ainting! /he basic rincile "ay easily be identified at
the aintings of the ;ode) Manesse ?> < stored at the ?eidelberg
1niversity and available as eb-docu"ents! /he colour coding
in red and blue has not been restricted to gar"ents but has also
been alied in decorating the te)t< in hich "erely red and
blue sy"bolic ele"ents ill be discovered!
The eperor 8enry
/he e"eror ?enry has been deicted in a urle-red overcoat
and a blue undercoat! /he borderline decorations consist of red
and blue ele"ents as ell!
Fig'

9ing Tyro fro Schotten
#ccording to the iconEs code) ing /yro fro" %chotten ears a
blue overcoat and a red undercoat! ?is =fe"ale or "ale W>
artner ears a red overcoat and a blue undercoat! /he .ing
therefore "eets the rules for ainting ;hristEs icon and the
artner "eets the rules for ainting MariaEs icon! /he
borderline decorations aly the divine colour co"binations
red blue!
• eblin. to the age King !yro from Schotten
9ing en:el fro #oheia
#ccording to the divine gar"ent-codes ing 6enAel fro"
&ohe"ia is earing a blue overcoat and a red undercoat hiloe
residing on a urle throne! /he .ing has been dressed
according to the icon-code) for ;hristEs i"ages!
• eblin. to the age King 4en3el from "ohemia
9ing "onrad ;unior
ing ;onrad Iunior ears a green gar"ent< robably because
he has been dislayed in a hunting scene! /he borderline
decorations aly the divine colour co"binations red blue!
• eblin. to the age King Conrad 8unior
+09

The lo$er aristocracy
/he loer aristocracy hardly uses red and blue< but the
borderline decorations ill often aly the divine colour
co"binations!
The Register
/he register for the ;ode) Manesse alies alternating initials
for subse@uent lines j see the co"lete eb-docu"ent at( *v(
Register
Fig'

11 3ty(ology
for the 4ord 5Paars6
, resurrection for dead words
From time to time %a#e up in the middle of the night
from a bad dream in %hich a particular %ord has only
survived in one single language. being lost forever in
(erman. French and English and other languages as
%ell' !he dead %ord is barely alive and may only be
understood if %e study the ancient remains of the
prehistoric colour coding'
$t as only yesterday $ started a discussion ith "y friend
%tehan< ho clai"ed the orld urle cannot be e)lained as
a religious sy"bol< because 7urle8 has been derived fro" the
secial snail fro" the Mediterranean area< here clever eole
"anaged to roduce and e)ort a very e)ensive dye by
boiling huge ortions of snails in large ots!
My antithesis the urle colour srcinally had to be oven
fro" red and blue coloured threads could not convince
%tehan! ,bviously urle robes had beco"e cere"onial
obIects at a ti"e in hich the srcinal androgynous sy"bolis"
had been lost!
/he very ne)t "orning hoever $ o.e u after a thoughtdrea"
about the Dutch adIective 7 paars8< hich still reserves
the true sy"bolis" of the 5nglish ord 7urle8! $n fact urle
is a "i)ed dye originally identifying a couple or a pair <
co"osed fro" a o"an =as a red sy"bol> and a "an =as a
blue sy"bol>!
( /here is so"e evidence the blue colour sy"boliAes a fe"ale ele"ent and
the red colour sy"boliAes a "ale ele"ent at the southern side of the #ls!
+++

Paars is the colour for the :peers;
/he official ety"ological e)lanation for 7aars8 is obscure!
5ty"ological e)erts suggest a derivation fro" 1ersae
EPersiansE< 1ersia EPersiaE and per3i# @1eachB'
/he "ain ety"ological database
htt(HH!ety"ologie!nlH
reveals the folloing entries for "edieval ords around +300
#D(
paars %ubstantive =as a EcolourE>
Mnl! perse Eurle =sheet>E k+29*Q CM'6< perse saye
Eurle oolen sheetsE k+29Q CM'6<
peers bruxsch la#ene E urle sheets fro" &ruggeE
k+3*3-**Q M'6< groen of blaeu of root of paers kca!
+*Q M'6!
/o docu"ents fro" +2 and +*2 reveal references to the
ords Paars7 resectively Pers7< hich "ay be analysed in
details! &oth docu"ents describe an asse"bly hall for the eers
of Leiden< called 1aars7 or 1ers7! &asically these ords
have been derived fro" Latin Pares7< the 7e@uals8!
$n rench the ord 7air8 translates to 7eer8 and is e@uivalent
to the "edieval Dutch idea of 7aars8 or 7ers8!
++2

orte besgryving van het Lugdunu" &atavoru" nu Leyden
door %i"on van Leeuen +2
?et selve %tadhuys is soo onder als boven in verscheide
laatsen verdeelt< el. tot siIn byfonder gebruy.< als fiIn
boven de :rote Croedschas-.a"er< &urger"eesters
.a"er< %cheens .a"er< %ecretarie< :riffie ende 6ees-
.a"er< voor ende tussen deel.e een groote 6andel-
laats< dat "en de Paars no"t< ten eynde van deel.e
tee vertre..en voor siIn< daar de &urgen alle nagten
de agt houde n! &oven deselve Paars is de #rtelerie
ende 6aen-.a"er<
?edendaegsche historie!!! - %eite 23
/ho"as %al"on< Jan 6agenaar< Matthias Can :och +*2
Langs den eerst beschreevenE &uiten-ogang van
tintig traen naar bovengaande< .o"t "en o eene
rui"e Baal< ge"eenly. de 1aars of 1ers genaa"d< die
Aeventig treden lang is!
$n order to understand hy 7urle8 and 7aars8 "ay have
been used as religious sy"bols e ill have to study "edieval
colouring theories in the ne)t chaters!
++3

++*

12 Flags
The Tricolour of France 5
During the Middle #ges< these colours ca"e to be associated
ith the reigning house of rance! $n +324< the coat-of-ar"s of
the House of Aalois as blue ith gold fleurs$de$lis bordered in
red! ro" this ti"e on< the .ings of rance ere reresented in
vignettes and "anuscrits earing a red gon under a blue
coat decorated ith gold fleurs-de-lis! $t should be noted that<
in liturgical sy"bolis"< gold is the e@uivalent of hite!
6earing a red gon under a blue coat for .ings corresonds to
the red undergar"ent ith a $lue outer gar"ent for Jesus
;hrist in icons and "edieval aintings! ,bviously the .ings
had adoted the divine clothing codes fro" the &oo. 5)odus!
/he blue and red of the flag have been the colours of Paris
since +34 hen they ere used by the folloers of 5tienne
Marcel< then leader of a Parisian revolt against the ing of
rance and the Dauhin! $n +9*< the ;onvention officially
adoted the tricolour< the ;o""ander of the :uard< Lafayette<
having reutedly added the royal hite beteen the blue and
the red!
Fig' B
++

The flag of the ?etherlands @25
/he flag of the 'etherlands is a horiAontal tricolour of red<
hite< and blue! $ntroduced in +2< it is one of the first
tricolours and the oldest tricolour still in use today! %ince +93<
the flag has officially been the national flag of the 'etherlands
and of the ingdo" of the 'etherlands!
/he rovinces of the Lo ;ountries< rose in revolt against
ing Phili $$ of %ain< and the Prince of ,range laced
hi"self at the head of the rebels! /he 6atergeuAen =roindeendence
rivateers>< acting on his instructions< harassed
the ene"y everyhere they could and they did this under a
tricolour ,range 6hite &lue =K,range &lanche &lueK< or in
Dutch( K,ranIe 6it &lauKHK,ranIe &lanIe &leuK>< the colours
of the PrinceEs coat of ar"s! $t as thus a flag easily associated
ith the leader of the rebellion< and the association as also
e)ressed in the na"e( Kthe PrinceEs lag!K $n an atlas of
ittensteyn< the first Red 6hite and &lue flag can be seen on a
ainting i"aging a battle beteen the 6atergeuAen and the
%aniards! /his date as early on in the 5ighty GearsE 6ar< the
Dutch ar of indeendence! ?ence +2 is the official year of
the introduction of this banner!
++

References to related docuents
• #nother 5ty"ology for Purle
• Paint $t Purle - # short ?istory of ainting Red and
&lue
• :enesis - 6eaving the 6ords in Red and in &lue
• ?ochdorf Revisited - # reconstructed ;eltic %ite
• /he %.y-:od Dy_us
++

++4

1! $ +urvey of $ndrogynous nous 7odheads
/he authors Mircea 5liade and Rens van der %luiIs docu"ent
an overhel"ing long list of sure"e< androgynous ;reator-
:ods in their or.s(
• #da" as srcinally androgynous( #da" and 5ve ere
created bac. to bac.< attached at their shouldersQ then
:od searated the" ith an a)e< or cut the" in to!
,thers have a different icture( the first "an< #da"<
as a "an on his right side< a o"an on his leftQ but
:od slit hi" into to halves !
• %everal of the "ost ancient gods in 5gyt ere
bise)ual 4 !
• /a""uA< 5n.i and 'inurta have androgynous asects 9 !
•
&el god and 0 ! &elit "ay srcinally have been an androgynous
• #mtart "ay aear in a "asculine for"< so"eti"es ith
the characteristics of the "asculine se)! ;ertain authors
have offered the hyothesis of an androgynous $mtar + !
( &ereshit Rabbah $! +< fol! < col! 2(Patterns in ;o"arative Religion ( *23
4( Mircea 5liade - Patterns in ;o"arative Religion( *2+f!
9( D! '! /albott< /he %aturn "ythQ a reinterretation of rites and sy"bols
illu"inating so"e of the dar. corners of ri"ordial society< +940( 44
0(
Mircea 5liade - Patterns in ;o"arative Religion ( *22
+( J! Leclant( O#surtU ;heval< dEarVs les RerUsentations 5gytiennesN<
%yrie< 3 =+90>( < cited in B! Ri)< O/he androgenous co"etN< %$% Revie<
$! =+9>( +-+9>
++9

• $n %outh-#rabia too #tar robably as a her"a-
hroditic god 2 !
• /he designation Odule) #"athusiaN for #hrodite of
#"athus 3 te"s fro" the double se) of the ;yrian
deity! %he as reresented in art ith a beard * !
• ronos is given the title Man-6o"an !
•
Dyaus< the ancient s.y< as androgynous< and so as
Purusha< the ri"eval "an !
• PlatoNs Ofirst "anN< ho had a sherical body =Plato<
%y"osiu"> is described as an androgynous erson to
be slit by Beus !
• /he :er"anic figures of ,din< Lo.i< /uisco and
'erthus all reserve traces of androgyny 4 !
• /he ;hinese .ne of a her"ahroditic %ure"e
Divinity< ho as the god of dar.ness and light 9 !
• #ustralian and ,ceanic aboriginals clai" bise)uality
for the first "an 40 !
• FuetAalcoatl has androgynous asects 4+ !
2(
1! ,ldenburg< O#bove the stars of 5l( 5l in ancient %outh #rabic
religionN< Beitschrift f]r alt-testa"entliche 6issenschaft< 42 =+90>( +99f!<
cited in 5! ;ochrane< OMars :ods of the 'e 6orldN< #eon $C! + =+99>( 0
3( ;atullus 4! +
*( #! de :raAia P! Ja"es< O#hrodite - /he Moon or CenusN< %$% Revie
$! 3 =+9>( 4-+*>
(
=-TT:reat Magical Payrus of Paris> ! PreisendanA< Payri :raecae
MagicaeQ Die :riechischen Bauberayri< +924< $( *< cited in D! ;ardona<
O;hild of %aturn =art $$$>N< ronos C$$! 3 =+942>( 3-+*>
( Rig-Ceda X! 90Q Patterns in ;o"arative Religion ( *2+
( Patterns in ;o"arative Religion ( +94( *23
4(
Patterns in ;o"arative Religion ( *22f!
9( Patterns in ;o"arative Religion( *22
40( Patterns in ;o"arative Religion ( *23
4+( D! '! /albott< /he %aturn "ythQ a reinterretation of rites and sy"bols
illu"inating so"e of the dar. corners of ri"ordial society< +940( 44
+20

• /he androgynous Gin and the Gang have been co"bined
in the ;hinese holy o"an /Nai Guan!
• /he Buni $ndian chief god #onailona ho is an
androgynous he-she!
• $1-iter is being called Ksi"ultaneously father and
"otherK 42 !
•
/he androgynous =her"ahrodite> deity Burvan
generates BoroastricEs "ain Deity )hura +a3dI and his
counterart =the devil> )hriman fro" its shoulders!
#n overvie of literature to this chater(
• ;o"ilation and overvie by Rens van der %luiIs<
January 200+ in $gnis-e-coelo
• /he %ecret Doctrine< ?!P! &lavats.y< +444
• Patterns in ;o"arative Religion< by Mircea 5liade<
Rose"ary %heed< John ;! ?olt< +94
•
Symposium by Plato =ca! 34 &;!>
• !%enty$t%o boo#s to !heocracy< by %t! #ugustine =3*
*30>
42(
%t! #ugustine in /enty-to boo.s to /heocracy
+2+

+22

1# Proto*Indo
*Indo*3uropean
Language
age
$t as Iudge %ir 6illia" Jones =%ete"ber 24< +* #ril 2<
+9*>< ho discovered si"ilarities beteen $ndo-5uroean
Languages! $n !he Sanscrit 7anguage =+4> he suggested that
all three languages had a co""on root< and that indeed they
"ay all be further related< in turn< to :othic and the ;eltic
languages< as ell as to Persian! /his co""on source ca"e to
be .non as Proto-$ndo-5uroean< hich aart fro" co""on
language also i"lies several religious concets =esecially
androgynous sy"bolis"> and the religious coding in the
ronouns!
#t the beginning of the +9th century the 'oregian Ras"ussen
Ras. found a la of corresondence beteen a :ree. letter h
=f> and the :er"an letter b! /his effect e)lains a
corresondence beteen a :ree. ord KhraterK and the
5nglish ord KbrotherK!
#t the "iddle of the +9th century #ugust %chleicher started a
reconstruction of P$5< a short-cut for Proto-$ndo-5uroean
language< hich "ust be considered as a basic latfor" for all
$ndo-5uroean languages!
#n #ustralian secialist for archaeology :ordon ;hilde
=or.ing in 5ngland> investigated the srcinal countryside for
the Proto-$ndo-5uroean language and located the area in the
regions 'orthern-$ndia< ;entral-5uroe< 'orthern-5uroe and
%outh-Russia!
?is favourite region referred to the area north of the &lac. %ea!
?is or. has been continued by Maria :i"butas< ho
develoed the urgan-theory< referring to the urgan-tu"ulusconcentrations!
+23

Pronouns in the PI9-language
/he folloing table lists a funda"ental ord-list for the P$5-
=Proto-$ndo-5uroean> language as develoed by Morris
43
%adesh
general rule(
! Priority ran.ing in the table see"s to follo a
+! Pronouns =$< you< e>
2! $ndicators =this< that< not>
3! &asic Fuestions =ho< hat W>
*! #"ounts =all< "any< one< to>
! %iAes =big< long< little>
! $ndividuals =o"an< "an< erson>
! S to be folloed by other categories =fish< bird< dog<
lice< tree< seed< leaf< radi)!!!>
4! %.y obIects =sun< "oon< star>
9! S to be folloed by other categories =ater< rain<
stone< sand< earth< cloud< s"o.e!!!>
+0! ;olours =red< green< yello< hite< blac. 4* >
++! Fuality =full< ne< good< round< dry>
+2! to be folloed by other categories =na"e< etcetera!!!>
/hese ran.ings clearly indicate the riority for ronouns!
43( fro"( ;! Renfre +944
4*( 5)cluding the colour 7blue8 for un.non reasons
+2*

)ank
,nglish
utch
+ =$> $ $. $ch =$h>
2erman old0
ategory
Pronoun
2 Gou =/hou> JiI Du =/hu> Pronoun
3 6e 6iI 6ir Pronoun
* /his Dit Diese $ndicator
/hat Dat Jene $ndicator
6ho 6ie 6er
6hat 6at 6as
&asic
Fuestions
&asic
Fuestions
4 'ot 'iet 'icht $ndicator
9 #ll #lles #lles #"ount
+0
MuchH
Many
Ceel Ciel #"ount
++ ,ne 5en 5in #"ount
+2 /o /ee Bo #"ount
+3 &ig :root :ross %iAe
+* Long Lang Lang %iAe
+ %"all lein lein %iAe
+ 6o"an Crou rau $ndividuals
+ Man Man Mann $ndividuals
+4 Person Persoon Person $ndividuals
!able *0 "asic Core 1E$Aocabulary
+2

#t ositions +-+4 the above list reveals so"e re"ar.able airs
of antiodes referring to dualis"(
• /he antiodes $ you =hereas( $ you Z 7e8>
at ositions +< 2 and 3
• this that =at ositions * >
•
one to =at ositions ++ +2>
• big s"all =at ositions +*-+>
• o"an "an =at ositions +-+>
PIE pronouns
$n P$5 ronouns are difficult to reconstruct oing to their
variety in later languages! /his is esecially the case for
de"onstrative ronouns! P$5 had ersonal ronouns in the first
and second erson< but not in the third erson< here
de"onstratives ere used instead! /he ersonal ronouns had
their on uni@ue for"s and endings< and so"e had to distinct
ste"sQ this is "ost obvious in the first erson singular< here
the to ste"s are still reserved in 5nglish and me!
#ccording to &ee.es< there ere also to varieties for the
accusative< genitive and dative cases< a stressed and an enclitic
for"!
Pronouns in the first and second erson erfectly suit the
)ndrogynous ,eligion< in hich only to ="al e and fe"ale>
antiodes are to be served!
/here is no secial religious sy"bol in the ran.ing area
beteen + and +00! ?oever there are to deities identified in
the P$5-language!
+2

The sky-god as a Proto-deity in PI9
$ndo-5uroeans cannot =yet> be localiAed in archaeological
findings! LocaliAing $ndo-5uroeans is being roosed by
available tools =agons< heels< etc!>! ?orses do not belong to
the $ndo-5uroean basic co""on vocabulary! &asic co""on
vocabulary contains father. mother. etc!!!
,nly to deities belong to basic co""on vocabulary
4 ( /he
s.y-ather =Dy_us < Beus< /yr< /i-ather< etc!> and a deity for
the "orning-light! /he co""on deity for the "orning-light
"ust be 5os or to be "ore recise K?aeoosK H #urora! #urora
"ay be derived fro" :r!( KausosaK =fro" 5os> and is to be
co"ared to 5nglish K5aster-K< or :er"an K,ster-K< si"ly
referring to the early %un-rising-deity in the 5ast! &asic
co""on P$5-vocabulary also rovides a co""on< neutral
ord for K:odK!
Dating the co""on $ndo-5uroean language is being
acco"lished by tracing the ords for the "etal bronAe< hich
has been invented at 2000 b! ;! and has been dated later than
the slitting oint into individual $ndo-5uroean languages!
urther analysis of earlier :ree.- and ?ittite-languages laces
the srcin of co""on $ndo-5uroean language before 3000 b!
;!
4( $nfor"ation fro"( $ndo-:er"ans lt! dtv-#tlas 6eltgeschichte =in
:er"an>< $%&'(94-3-*23-0494-3 =age *+>
+2

o" the vieoint of androgynous creation legends and
:er"anic languages e "ay define three ersonal roto-
ronouns in the subse@uent individual $ndo-5uroean
languages(
• $ for the first erson singular =$><
•
1 for the second erson singular =you> and
• 1$ for the first erson lural =e>!
/hese ersonal roto-ronouns are the funda"entals for
religious< androgynous definitions =such as the co"osed na"e
/uisco by concatenating the ronouns K/houKHK/huK and
K$KHK$hK>< but they vary according to the divine na"e!
$n contrast to standard deities =e!g! Beus< $1-iter< $?C?< etc!>
/uisco cannot be classified as a s.y-god! $n :er"ania /acitus
describes /uisco as an earth-related deity and ;aesar relates
/uisco to Dis$1ater < the father of dar.ness and the
underorld 4 !
$n fact the reversion of the androgynous Ioined sy"bols 71$8
in the na"e /uisco ety"ologically reveals the sy"bolic
dar.ness 4 ! 7Duister8 is the Dutch ord for 7dar.8!
9$ui&alent Proto-8eities
#ndrogynous creation and the acco"anying legends certainly
cannot be restricted to :reece! $n 7/he %ecret Doctrine8
?elena &lavats.y re"e"bers an old< e@uivalent creation
legend fro" Persia(
4( De &ello :allico by Julius ;aesar< &oo. C$< 3 b! ;!
4( ?elena &lavats.y
+24

+eshia and +eshiane %ere but a single individual %ith
the old 1ersians' !hey also taught that man %as the
product of the tree of life. gro%ing in androgynous
pairs. till they %ere separated at a subse9uent
modification of the human form'
#nd even "any centuries later in history the idea has not been
lost co"letely! #ccording to &lavats.y< Eugibinus< a
;hristian< and the Rabbis Samuel. +anasseh ben srael. and
+aimonides taught that(
:)dam had t%o faces and one person. and from the
beginning he %as both male and female $$ male on one
side and female on the other @li#e +anus "rahmaB. but
after%ards the male and female halves %ere separated':
%i"le corresondences are abundantly resent< such as the
%ans.rit devas< the Latin deus< Lithuanian dievas< ,ld $rish dia
and the ,ld 'orse lural tivar < hich are all ords for 7gods8
44 ! ,f articular interest to the resent aer is a set of
corresondences listed and co"leted in the folloing table ; (
44( Mallory< ! +24
49( as roosed by &lavats.y in the %ecret Doctrine =+444> hoever
&lavats.y did not i"ly /uisco in her or.!
+29

3anguage
Proto-$ndo-
5uroean
5gytians
eity
pdyeus-eter
/eut
corresponding
pronouns
Persians
Magi
:ree.s
ancient /ur.s
%ans.rit
%ire
,rsi
Beu-Pater< /heos
5sar
dyaus-ita
$taly H Latin dEJu-iter DEu and $
1"bria dE$uve-atre DEu and $
$llyria
?ittite
Dei-atyros
D%ius
rench Dieu /u and Je
:er"anic /i-var =/yr-ather> /u and $
;eltic /uisco /hu and $h
#rab d1$ 1$
!able >0 )ndrogynous Deities and their 1ronouns ;
/hese corresondences indicate a correlation beteen
androgynous creation legends< androgynous deities and
ronouns! ?oever correlations cannot be restricted to P$5-
areas and are covering other languages as ell!
90( &ased on ?elena &latats.y< /he %ecret Doctrine =+444>
+30

The androgynous pronouns U I and UI
&asically any language "ay be considered to contain
funda"ental ords =for basic ideas and funda"ental thoughts>!
#ccording to linguistic theories the =ri"arily three> "ost
i"ortant ords in the Proto-$ndo-5uroean =P$5-> Language
=as reconstructed by #ugust %chleicher> or robably in any
language are =in that order>( K$K< KGouK and K6eK!
%tarting fro" "odern 5nglish e "ay no consider three
roto-ronouns =in order of ran.ing> K$K < K1K and K1$K!
;onsidering their ran.ing in linguistic statistics these three
ronouns K$K< KGouK and K6eK "ay design a suitable reference
to basic religious concets!
/he "ost ro"inent roto-ronoun K$K is the first erson
singular< hich "ay be considered a "ale sy"bol and refer to
the religious concet of the linga"! /he second relevant roto-
ronoun K1K is the second erson singular< hich "ay be
considered a fe"ale sy"bol and refer to the religious concet 9+
of the yoni! /he third ran.ing ord in Proto-$ndo-5uroean
=P$5-> Language is the roto-ronoun K1$K or K$1K hich "ay
be considered as a "erged Ioint for the singular roto-ronouns
K1K and K$K! $n religious roto-concets the Ioint of the "ale
and fe"ale ele"ent "ay have been the divine Ioint K1$K or the
sy""etrical version K$1K!
Paleolithic 'ontinuity Theory
/he
ossible
Paleolithic
srcin for
;ontinuity
an 5uroean
/heory
version
esti"ates
of P$5 at
an
the
earliest
+0th
"illenniu" &;!
9+( #s suggested by ?elena &lavats.y in /he %ecret Doctrine =+444>
+3+

he Paleolithic ;ontinuity /heory =or P;/> is a hyothesis
suggesting that the hyothetical Proto-$ndo-5uroean language
can be traced bac. to the Palaeolithic era< tens of "illennia
earlier than the ;halcolithic or at the "ost 'eolithic esti"ates
in other scenarios of Proto-$ndo-5uroean srcins!
$ts "ain roonent has been linguist Mario #linei< besides rehistorian
Marcel ,tte and others< organiAed in a KP;/
or.grouK! /he "ain e)osition of KP;/K is )lineis &rigini
delle 7ingue dREuropa< ublished in to volu"es in +99 and
2000! /he P;/ osits that the advent of $ndo-5uroean
languages should be lin.ed to the arrival of Homo sapiens in
5uroe and #sia fro" #frica in the 1er Paleolithic!
/his P;/-/heory erfectly suits to the Ioined s.ulls as
archaeological re"ains for )ndrogynous ,eligion!
PI9-Pronouns in ,fghanistan
$n his or. 7ite Runner8 =2003> haled ?osseini uses a lot of
#fghan e)ressions! Most of these are #rabian ords! Loo.ing
for $ndo-euroean e@uivalents $ found Padar =father>< Madar
="other> and /u =identical to the rench ord KyouK>!
/he ersonal ronoun K/uK =confidential you> is being used for
confidential relations =e!g! husband and souse>< hereas
Ksho"aK =resectful you> is signifying a "ore distant and
resectful relation =even beteen arents and children>!
,riginally the confidential ord !u "ay very ell e)clusively
have been reserved for conversations beteen husband and
souse to sy"boliAe the divine "atri"onial relation beteen
husband and souse in a "arried coule!
+32

1& Colours8 Tining and 9unes
(iolet and purple
$n ancient< androgynous religions the colours violet-blue and
red sy"boliAed the "ale resectively fe"ale antiodes<
hereas the "i)ed colour-co"bination urle e)resses the
divine idea of "erging H Ioining the "ale and fe"ale ele"ents!
Merging hoever re@uires a genuine urle-"i)ture of red and
blue! /he hu"an eye hoever cannot easily identify the
difference beteen violet and genuine urle =as a "i)ture of
red and blue>! ,bviously these confusions did lead to the idea
of generating a urle colour as a divine sy"bol by high
density eaving of &yssos as described in the &ible! /o
e"broideres< ,holiab< the son of #hisa"ach< fro" the tribe of
Dan and ?ura" are na"ed as the secialists for generating the
divine sy"bols of urle fro" red and violet-blue!
'o before e start discussing the religious sy"bolis" of the
colours red and light e ill need to study so"e hysical facts
in the field of colours and light! # secial attention ill be
devoted to the colours violet and urle! < of a shorter avelength
than blue< hile purple is a cobination of red and blue or
violet light! /he urles are colours that are not sectral
colours urles are e)tra-sectral colours! $n fact< urle as
not resent on 'etonEs colour heel =hich ent directly
fro" violet to red>< though it is on "odern ones< beteen red
and violet! /here is no such thing as the Kavelength of urle
lightKQ it only e)ists as a co"bination!
+33

,n the ;$5 )y chro"aticity diagra" < violet is on the curved
edge in the loer left< hile urles are the straight line
connecting the e)tre"e colours red and violetQ this line is
.non as the line of urles< or the urle line!
Fig'

Ciolet cannot be reroduced by a Red-:reen-&lue =R:&>
colour syste"< and "ust be si"ulated by a "i)ture of red and
blue =urle>! /he shade of violet si"ulated in the colour bo)
above is Iust over halfay beteen "agenta and blue on the
colour heel!
The Seal of Solomon
/he double triangle< the %eal of %olo"on< also called the
he)agra" < is of great interest as a sy"bol of androgyny! /his
seal< .non as the Magen David of the Jes< is actually
co"osed of to triangles< sueri"osed on each other! ,ne
triangle ointed uard reresents the flesh or "aterial "atter
and the "ale generative actQ the other< ointed donard<
signifies fe"ale se)uality and the siritual lane!
Fig' =0 Seal of Solomon
/herefore e have a "asculine and a fe"inine triangle
integrated! /his indicates se)ual union< the se) act< and the
reconciliation of oosites< yin and yang< or "ale and fe"ale in
a union! /he "erging areaEs colour is a sueri"osed urle as
the divine "i)ture of red and blue!
+3

?aving lost the religious< androgynous sy"bolis" the %eal of
%olo"on turned into the he)agra" < as a sy"bol for se)uality
in itchcraft!
The 'eltic !urial tom! at "ochdorf
# fine "useu" at ?ochdorf H 5nA near %tuttgart-:er"any is
guarding an i"ortant ;eltic religious sy"bol! #t the ti"e of
discovery the grave already is a sensational finding in +94<
being the untouched to"b ;< for an early ;eltic .ing! Loo.ing
bac. the real sensation hoever "ust be seen in an violet-
urle coloured< long coat< sy"boliAing the religious
funda"entals of the ;elts!
Fig' =/0 !he Celtic burial tomb at Hochdorf
92( Located at ?ochdorf near %tuttgart< :er"any< aro)! 00 b! ;!
+3

?ochdorf is a burial to"b assigned to the nearby ;eltic
,idu" ?igh-#serg< hich "ust be considered as one of the
"ain ;eltic trading stations in central :er"any! #rchaeologists
discovered a doAen e@uivalent artner trading-stations in
southern-:er"any< including the ?euneburg< a trading centre
for aro)i"ately 000 inhabitants and surrounded by a
sohisticated all of bric.s< located at the border of the
Danube-river! /he ?euneburg 93 has been an i"ortant ;eltic
trading station 200 years ago!
/he to"b at ?ochdorf H 5nA ith its fa"ous technical
instru"ents and their archaeological and historical details are
the "ain toics for the "useu"! #rtisans reconstructed the
grave and the cere"onial gifts using srcinal or."anshi and
tools< clearly de"onstrating life and the burial cere"ony 200
years ago! /he to"b sy"boliAes a %y"osiu" at the .ingNs
alace and the ban@uet "ust be seen as a highlight in the life of
the buried erson< @uite si"ilar to the %y"osiu" in PlatoNs
&an@uet! # fine coer barrel< filled ith "ead< see"s to have
been i"orted fro" :reece and transorted fro" Marseilles
toards :er"any! /he real "iracles hoever are the toels
and clothes in the grave! /he "useu"Ns guide e)lains ho all
gifts in the to"b ere raed in sheets!
Most sheets are coloured in red and blue< hich "ust have
been "ost e)ensive dyes at the ti"e of the burial cere"ony!
/he orator e)licitly de"onstrates the "anufacturing
rocedure for the violet-urle-coloured< royal coat of the
sovereign! $n fact< she e)lains< the "aterial is oven ith fine
red and blue dyed threads at an extremely high density of up to
threadscm!
93( =Probably> ?erodotEs 7Pyrene8 at the sources of the Danube
+3

#eligious Sym!olism in 'olours
$n ancient 5uroe the red dye has been e)tracted fro" lice
living on the er"es-oa. trees = Tuercus coccifera 7'>< na"ed
Coccus ilicis or Kermes vermilio 1lanchon! #lternatively the
red dye "ay also be dran fro" lices = 1orphyrophora hameli
"randt >< living on certain grasses!
/he blue dye has been e)tracted fro" a herb called 5uroean
$ndigo =satis tinctoria< :er"an( 76aid8>! $n De "ello (allico
Julius ;aesar docu"ents the &ritish Pict-arriors ainting their
bodies and faces ith blue 5uroean $ndigo< in order to
frighten their ene"ies! ?oever e ill no be able to e)lain
these blue indigo colours as sy"bols of the "ale "e"bers in
an androgynous religion!
$n ;hina the bride ears a red bridal dress and is to be carried
to the "atri"onial cere"ony in a red sedan! /he bridegroo" is
aiting for her and al.ing a red caret he ill elco"e the
bride by lifting her red veil!
$n "odern ti"es e elco"e our ne-born daughters ith
light-red and our ne-born sons ith light-blue coloured
dresses and furniture< hich "ust be considered ancient
androgynous sy"bols as ell! $n early traditions the dar. red
colour of blood used to sy"boliAe the fe"ale and the blue
colour the "ale ele"ent! 7Mother 5arth8 as .non to send
the red ochre in the %tone #ge civiliAation! Jaanese culture is
still associating red to the fe"ale ele"ent! $n contrast 7ather
%.y8 sy"boliAes the blue colour for the "ale antiodes!
+34

he hu"an eye sees a "i)ture of red and blue as urle-violet<
hich has been a royal colour at all ti"es! Mediterranean
civiliAations did reserve urle clothes for "e"bers of the
royal fa"ily< rohibiting subIects to ear these orna"ents!
/he Mediterranean eavers used a secial< urle dye< hich
as "anufactured by boiling huge a"ounts of snails in the
Phoenician city of /yros!
$t ould have been easy for the ;elts to i"ort the /yrian
urle dye< but instead they referred to intereave the finest
red- and blue-coloured threads to create the urle coat! /he
"useu" in ?ochdorf clearly de"onstrates the e)ensive
intereaving techni@ue and the coat "ust be seen as a religious
sy"bol< hich even "ay be understood in "odern ti"es! Red
is the fe"ale and blue is still the "ale sy"bol< in hich e
celebrate the arrival of our neborn babies! #t his burial
cere"ony at ?ochdorf the sovereign did ear the sa"e red and
blue sy"bols in his coat!
Red and =violet->blue are the long-ave< resectively short-
ave colours at the very edges of the visible sectru" and they
are sectral antiodes! Mi)ing the colours red and blue ill
yield urle< hich is the only colour< hich cannot be found
in the rainbo! # colour absent in the divine rainbo hoever
is a divine attribute! $n this conte)t e "ay consider the
concet of the rainboEs border-colours red and blue to
sy"boliAe the androgynous oles in early religions! &asically
the ancient ?ebres "ust have been considering the rainboNs
bordering colours red and blue and the "i)ture-colour urle
as funda"ental sy"bols for the ;ovenant beteen :od and
?is children instead of the rainbo itself!
+39

The Sephiroth
/he %ehiroth ;* are organiAed into 3 different colu"ns or gimel
#avim =Kthree linesK in ?ebre>(
The central colun 9ether
ether 9
heads the central colu"n of the tree< hich
"etahorically sea.ing is .non as the K 1illar of +ildnessK
and is associated ith the ?ebre letter #leh< K the breathK<
and the air ele"ent! $t is a neutral ole< a balance beteen the
to oosing forces of "ale and fe"ale tendencies!
%o"e teachings describe the %ehiroth on the centre illar as
gender-neutral< hile others say that the %ehiroth vary in their
se)ual attributions! /his central colu"n does contain Purle
and the "i)ed colours!
ether roduces 9 a "ale %ehira na"ed ;ho.h"ah and a
fe"ale %ehira na"ed &inah! #s a trio they are na"ed 7 the
three heads5< containing all other %ehiroth!
The right colun "hokhah
;ho.h"ah ='r! 2> heads the right colu"n of the tree<
"etahorically sea.ing the K 1illar of +ercyK< associated ith
the ?ebre letter %hin< the fire ele"ent< and the "ale asectQ
/his right colu"n does contain &lue and generally the blueish
colours!
9*(
$"age fro" 6i.iedia-;o""ons
9( 'r! + in the figure
9( De Philonische :ehei"e Leer De abbala van Philo van #le)andriq
by ?!J! %ierenburg! $%&'( 90 202 44 0< #n.h-?er"es =200+> referring
to the Bohar 3< 244b< 29+a!
+*0

The left colun #inah
/he left colu"n is headed by &inah ='r! 3> and is called the
K1illar of SeverityK! $t is associated ith ?ebre letter +em<
the ater ele"ent and the fe"ale asect! /his right colu"n
does contain Red and the reddish colours!
Fig' =

5ven if the illars are each given a se)ual attribution< this does
not "ean that every sehirah on a given illar has the sa"e
se)ual attribution as the illar on hich they are located!
$n ?ebre abbalah< of all the %ehiroth only &inah and
Mal.uth are considered fe"ale< hile all the other %ehiroth
are "ale! #dditionally =and this alies to both Jeish and
?er"etic abbalah>< each sehirah is seen as "ale in relation
to the folloing sehirah in succession on the tree< and fe"ale
in relation to the foregoing sehirah!
#lternative traditions consider the gra""atical genders of the
ords involved! /hus< :evurah is fe"inine because it has an
atonal finial ?eh! /hus< %everity or Justice beco"es a fe"inine
attribute hile ;hesed =Mercy or Loving .indness> beco"es a
"asculine one< desite the "odern 6estern tendency to
genderiAe these ter"s in reverse "anner 9 !
The colouring 'odes in the %ohar
Purle &lue Red fine linen
Bohar 94 Beir #nin Malchut
Bohar 99 /iferet Malchut :vurah
Bohar +00 /iferet Malchut :vurah ;hesed
;arla Gesod ;hesed :vurah
Randel +0+
9( $nfo fro" 6i.iedia
94(
%ohar< Cerse +* in2! Pe.udei ( 20! %acred robes
99( %ohar< Cerse 2* in2! Pe.udei ( 2! Measuring line and "easuring reed
+00( %ohar< Cerse +322! Pe.udei ( +! 5ach order contains three
+0+( Model accoding to ;arla Randell in ;abbala by ranIo /erhart =$%&'
94-+-*0*-94-3>
+*2

# tyical definition of the sacred colours scarlet red< urle and
blue "ay be interreted in the folloing @uotation of the
Bohar +02 (
7Cerse 2*! ?e e)lains( %ince the for"er "easure"ent
is sacred< ith the sacred colours Eof fine t%ined linen<
and $lue< $lue and purple< purple and scarlet E =she"ot 3(4>!
/hese are sacred colours< alluding to chesed. gvurah.
tiferet and malchut < linen being chesed Q scarlet< gvurahQ
purple< tiferet Q and blue<
malchut ! its hole su"
a"ounts to 32< 24 in length and four in breadth<
altogether 32!!!8
Beir #nin +03 < called Microrosous in the abbala Denudata
of Christian Knorr von ,osenroth. is the arehensible ortion
of :od associated ith Chesed. (eburah. !iphereth. -et3ach.
Hod and Jesod in the Bohar< and is the "icroscoic e@uivalent
of Macrorosous in the %ehirotic tree of life! /he %ihra
DtAenioutha ortrays it as the revealed face of :od< and the
$dra Rabba elaborates on the abbalistic significance of its
several attributes!
/he different definitions in the colouring attributes to the
%ehiroth /ree "ay indicate the .eys already have been lost at
the riting of these boo.s! /he only una"biguous codings
see" to be a scarlet-red< fe"ale :ebura-colu"n and a blue
"ale ;hesed colu"n!
+02( found at 2! Pe.udei ( 2! Measuring line and "easuring reed
+03( see 6i.iedia
+*3

Fig' ==0 Sephiroth !ree according to Carla ,andel
+**

The ,donis-'ult
#long ith 1aphos at the $sland of Cyprus the city "yblos at
the coastline of Syria used to be a centre for #hroditeEs
resectively #starteEs cult! &yblos as renoned as the oldest
Phoenician city ever since foundation by the great :od K El K<
ho had been called Chronos by the :ree.s and %aturn by the
Ro"ans! $n ancient eras &yblos as the venerated location for
the cere"onies of the #donis cult +0* ! #t the south-side of
&yblos the river -ahr brahim "outhed into the Mediterranean
%ea and in anti@uity the river used to be called K)donisK!
/he last .ing
Cinyras of &yblos has been decaitated by
1ompeius +aximus! /he source for the #donis river is located
in )phaca< a village at a dayEs distance fro" &yblos<
surrounded by sacred forests and a te"le area for #starte<
hich has been destroyed by ;onstantine!
/he te"le is situated near the village )f#a< surrounded by
alnut-trees! /he river srings fro" an elevated territory and
the cree. runs don toards a high aterfall! #t this location
#donis is said to have "et #hrodite for the first and last ti"e
and right here e ill find his grave< here his deadly
ounded corse had to be buried!
5very year at 5astern the young #donis hoever ill have to
reeat his accidental death< revealing natureEs bleeding<
colouring the #donis river in the %ring! #d"irers "ournfully
observe the red waters of the #donis floing beteen the
floering ane"ones and red roses into the $lue Mediterranean
#ea by Ja"es :eorge raAer
+*

#hroditeEs resectively #starteEs idol has been a %hite cone or
a pyramid ! /he ane"oneEs na"e robably has been derived
fro" -aaman =Kthe loved oneK>< a nic.na"e for #donis!
/he #donis-cult has been ractised a"ong the %e"itic eoles
of &abylonia and %yria! /he :ree.s acceted the cult as early
as the seventh century before ;hrist! /he real na"e for the
deity as /a""uA! /he na"e #donis refers to the %e"itic title
K#donK< KLordK! /a""uA as the young lover for $schtar and
had to die each year! /he "ournings ere to be held over the
idol of the dead deity< hich had been ashed in clear ater<
e"bal"ed ith oil and covered by a red robe!
/hese colourings in the red ater of the river< the blue ater of
the sea and the urle "i)ture certainly have been considered
another sy"bolis" of androgynous religion! #lthough the
sy"bolic sea> had character been reversed = red for the the androgynous male #donis sy"bolis" and blue for in the
urle "i)ture "ay clearly be identified!
#nother e)a"le of reversed colouring sy"bolis" "ay be
identified in Ro"an history! ro" early ti"es the Ro"an .ings
alays reresented Juiter hi"self! /he Ro"ans hailed their
victorious generals after dressing the" in JuiterEs purple
cloths< to be borroed fro" the statue in JuiterEs te"le at the
;aitol hill! ?oever the ="ale> victorious generals ainted
their faces in scarlet red colours!
+*

Ain and Aang
Red and blue are also ele"entary sy"bols in the banners of
several countries ith a ;eltic history< such as :reat-&ritain<
the 1!%!#!< rance and the 'etherlands! #re these colours the
old sy"bols for androgynous antiodesW
/here is a strange coincidence( both the classic yinHyangsy"bol
and the oldest flag in history =the Dutch banner> are
using sy"bolic colours orange and blue! /he first Dutch
banner also referred the colour orange instead of red!
Fig' =*0 !he 1rinces Flag
@/>6

%o"e of the GinHGang-sy"bols have been ainted in red
=earthHfe"ale> and blue =s.yH"ale>! /hey reresent the olarity
of everything( the double "anifestation of the /ao!
Fig' =>0 !he JinJang$symbol
in the Korean banner
#ccording to the Encyclopaedia "ritannica(
2n Eastern thought. the t%o complementary forces. or
principles ma#e up all aspects and phenomena of life'
4in
is conceived of as earth. female. dar#. passive. and
absorbingO it is present in even numbers. in valleys and
streams. and is represented by the tiger. the colo
lour
orange. and a bro#en line'
4ang is conceived of as heaven. male. light. active. and
penetratingO it is present in odd numbers. in mountains.
and is represented by the dragon. the colour a5ure. and
an unbro#en line'
+*4

!he t%o are both said to proceed from the Supreme
Gltimate @!ai ChiB. their interplay on one another @as
one increases the other decreasesB being a description of
the actual process of the universe and all that is in it'
n harmony. the t%o are depicted as the light and dar#
halves of a circle5'
The "istory of the US-!anner
%urrisingly little is .non about the srcins of that fa"iliar
sy"bol< says Marc Leeson! ?istorians are not sure ho "ade
the first one -- desite a oular tradition that it as a
Philadelhia sea"stress na"ed &etsy Ross! 'or are they
certain hy it consists of hite stars set on a blue bac.ground<
flan.ed by red and hite stries! Most believe the colours ere
insired by the &ritish flag! #s for the stars and stries< Marc
Leeson says stars and heraldry have alays stood for trying to
attain greatness!
:!he other thing is that nearly all the Founding Fathers
%ere +asons.: he notes< :and stars have a very strong
place in +asonic iconography' !he stripesU 4e dont
have a clue' !he Dutch o%ned part of the Gnited States
in the beginning and the Dutch flag has three broad
stripes. but %e 8ust dont #no% %here they came from':
$n +< the ;ontinental ;ongress issued a resolution calling
for a national banner of red< hite and blue< ith +3 stries and
+3 stars! More stars ere added as states Ioined the 1nion<
until the flag assu"ed its current for" -- +3 stries and 0
stars!
+*9

here is so"e evidence the colours red< hite and blue have
been chosen by /e"lars and ree"asons in a great nu"ber of
countries< na"ely ?olland< rance< 5ngland< %cotland and the
1%#! #t the ti"e of defining a banner the leading intelligentsia
in "ost of these countries are .non to have been influenced
by /e"lar-or ree"ason-sy"bolis"!
# great nu"ber of 1%-residents are .non to have been
ree"asons( 4ashington. +onroe. )ndre% ac#son. 1ol#.
"uchanan. )ndre% ohnson. (arfield. !heodore ,oosevelt.
!aft. Harding. Fran#lin D' ,oosevelt. !rumanand Ford'
#s ree"asons they certainly ere aare of the &iblical
sources for the funda"ental border colours red and blue of the
rainbo - even if they ere unaare of the androgynous
sy"bolis"!
8ira in 7reeasonry
/raditionally the ree"asons follo the ancient rules of holy
geo"etries< hich have been defined in the &ible =in 5)odus<
in ings and in ;hronicles> and in Pythagoranian< Citruvian<
?er"etic< 'e-Platonic< ?ebre and $sla"ic hilosohies! #s
a first funda"ental level the ree"asons rely on the crafts"an
andHor .ing ?ira" in the &ible!
?ira" =often selled ?ura">< a crafts"an of great s.ill sent
fro" /yre! 2 ;hronicles 2(+3-+* relates a for"al re@uest fro"
ing %olo"on of Jerusale" to ing ?ira" $ of /yre< for
or.ers and for "aterials to build a ne te"leQ ing ?ira"
resonds(
+0

:)nd no% have sent a s#illful man. endo%ed %ith
understanding. Huram my master craftsman @the son of
a %oman of the daughters of Dan. and his father %as a
man of !yreB. s#illed to %or# in gold and silver. bron3e
and iron. stone and %ood. purple and blue. fine linen
and crimson. and to ma#e any engraving and to
accomplish any plan %hich may be given to him. %ith
your s#illful men and %ith the s#illful men of my lord
David your father':
Red and #lue in E/odus
$n the srcinal ?ebre version of 2 ;hronicles 2(+3< the hrase
translated above as K?ura" "y "aster crafts"anK is K;hC1rM
Ea&G

#nd although the &ible does not secify the sy"bolis" for
urle< red and blue have been alied to sy"boliAe the "ale
and fe"ale illars in the %ehiroth syste"! 6e "ay also
identify the coule of =iron> illars na"ed &Z&ohaA =%trength
as a "ale ele"ent> and JZJa.in =%tability as a fe"ale ele"ent>
as the te"leEs basic ele"ents in the ree"ason-syste"!
$n this sy"bolis" the divine order to aly red and blue as
funda"ental colours refers to the "ale and fe"ale co"onents
in an androgynous religion!
*yssus
$n the ;eltic grave at ?ochdorf in :er"any the .ingEs urle
clothes have been roven to be oven in &yssus- or tiningtechnology
using the finest threads of blue and red at densities
of 40 threads H c"! /he high density eaving of red and blue
colours cannot be identified ithout otical tools and the
clothes loo. li.e a ho"ogeneous urle "aterial! /he sa"e
technology &yssus resectively tining alying the colours
red< blue and urle is found in the &ible!
,f course the ele"entary colours red< blue and urle "ay
refer to androgynous deities< sy"boliAing "ale =blue colours>
and fe"ale =red colours> or divine sy"bols =urle>! Red and
blue are the clearly visible border-colours for the rainbo<
hereas urle is a "i)ture of red and blue< hich fails to be
found in the rainboEs sectre!
/he 5nglish ord KtiningK referring to KtinsK< KtoK<
KtilightK and K/uiscoK "ay be sy"boliAing "atri"ony< hich
"ay be considered as a religious act in Kbeco"ing i""ortal by
"a.ing childrenK!
+2

#unic alpha!ets
/he Proto-5uroean language already includes the rincial
androgynous deity =Dy_us < Beus< /yr and additionally a co""on god fro" 3000 b! ;! 'ordic
eole defined secial runes !yr and )nsu3 for these ele"ents!
$n $celandic language /iur H /yr is a big< ild ani"al =a bull<
:er"an( -T =%>tier >! $n 5nglish a steer is a "ale bovine ani"al
castrated before se)ual "aturity =an o)>! ,f course /yr and the
KsteerK "ay eventually refer to the ancient bovine cult in the
$ndo-5uroean area!
5secially the /yr-Rune and the three basic /> vocals #< 1< $
"ay sy"boliAe religious< androgynous ele"ents(
= is the sy"bol for the s.ygod K/yr 7 - tei%a3. tV%a3
>
is the "ale sy"bol =KIK> for eisa$. Vsan =ice7>
? is the fe"ale sy"bol =K )K> for Pru3 =KaurochsK or
WXram KaterK>
/he #-rune is the sy"bol for a co""on god K
=#se7>!
ansu3K
:rahical insertion of the vocal I into the grahically "irrored
vocal ) results in the androgynous divine /yr-sy"bol(
=
+0( /he dictionary of Runes - Das Runen-6rterbuch =+4**> by 1do
6alde"ar Dieterich
+3

# si"ilar sy"bolic fusion "ay occur in the 5truscan andHor
Ro"an alhabet by Ioining =a 90-degree rotated> letter K1K =or
KCK> and an K$K to the letter KDK!
0ritten androgynous sym!olism
$n !he Sacred Symbols of +u colonel ames Church%ard
docu"ents several inscritions found in Me)ico and &raAil<
hich "ay reveal androgynous creation legends!
The dual Principle in e.ico
Fuotation +0 (
!he +exican !ablet -o' />* reads0$$:+an %as
created %ith the dual principle. male and female'
!he Creator caused this man to pass into a sleep @our
deathB and %hile he slept. the principles %ere severed
by Cosmic Forces' 4hen he a%o#e @born againB he %as
t%o$$man and %oman':
The /ara-Inscriptions in *ra6il
Tuotation /6 0
&n a large prairie$li#e plain in the northeastern part of
"ra3il near the boundary of "ritish (uiana stands an
immense roc# %ith many smooth faces %hich are
literally covered %ith very old inscriptions in the
characters of the ancient Karas or Carians' )
reconstructed version of the legend is0
+0(
!he Sacred Symbols of +u . age 4< labelled Me)ican /ablet 'o! +4*
+0(
!he Sacred Symbols of +u . age 3
+*

2&ne became t%o' !%o produced three' From these
three the life %as continued on5'
!he continuation is sho%n in the glyph for numeral =
%here the ends of the bars are left open' !he ancients
designated by unattached ends that unfinished %or#
%as being carried on'
t may be %ell to note here that the Cara glyph for /. an
enclosed bar. %as the -aga glyph for >' )ll -aga
counts %ere made up of >sO thus ten %ould be t%o or
t%ice five' !en being the numeral symbol of the nfinite.
%as never used' )s the symbol of the nfinite it %as
loo#ed upon as being too sacred'
n China %e find 7ao !3u in !ao te King. using virtually
the same %ords about ? "' C' %hich he too# fro m the
Sacred 4ritings of the +otherland'
/his legend 7&ne became t%o' !%o produced three' From
these three the life %as continued on
standard creation legend!
8 corresonds to the
+

+

1, 9eligious +y(bolis( in Traditions
Saying "ello
# correlation beteen %aying Hello "ay be found by
co"aring the standard greetings for several languages(
• :oedendag =-T K:ood dayK< standard Dutch>
• /ag =-T K:ood dayK< northern :er"an>
• :utentag =-T K:ood dayK< standard :er"an>
• :ru :ott =-T K:ood dayK< southern :er"an>
• &uenos Dias =-T K:ood dayK< %anish>
• #dieu =K:ood-byeK< standard rench>
• Doei =-T K:ood dayK or K:ood-byeK< standard Dutch>
6ishing KDayK obviously correlates to KDeusK or KDy_us K and
refers to the co""on %.y-:od for the assers-by!
KDuiK or KDoeiK correlates to the tilight =/ui-light> or
dar.ness< hich revailed over daylight for the ;eltic and
:er"anic society! $n fact KDuiK or KDoeiK "ay be translated as
K:ood-eveningK or K:ood-tilightK!
:er"an language clearly de"onstrates the do"inance of the
night$time in the na"es for festivities li.e +idsommer night <
76alurgus 8< K4eihnacht”
Z K;hrist"asK< KFast nacht K Z
K;arnivalK< nacht etc! #ll ti"ings and dates referred to the night-ti"e
and the ancient :er"ans avoided to date any i"ortant
aoint"ents at daylight!
+

Dar.ness as oosed to daylight has been sy"boliAed by
reversing the inner characters K$1K in the daylight na"e KDiusK
to K1$K in KDuisK +04 ! /he Dutch ord for dar.ness is
KDuisternisK!
;aesar indirectly describes /uiNs nature as a dar. god Dis$
1ater < e"eror over the dar. areas of the underorld!
or this reason the Dutch goodbye-greeting for"ula K DoeiK or
e@uivalent KDuiK =the rench j adieu> robably is a re"nant
fro" androgynous /uisco-oriented religion at the Loer Rhine
valley< centring around the !uiscoburgs beteen Doesburg and
&onn =Doesburg-'etherlands and Duisburg< DeutA and
Duisdorf-&onn in :er"any>!
aypoles as androgynous sym!ols
/he "ayole is a tall ooden ole< traditionally of "ale<
hathorn or birch< so"eti"es erected ith several long
coloured ribbons susended fro" the to< festooned ith
floers< draed in greenery and straed ith large circular
reaths< deending on local and regional variances +09 !
+04( this thesis has been roosed in !he Secret Doctrine by ?elena &lavats.y
+09( $nfor"ation fro" 6i.iedia
+4

Fig' =?0 (erman +aypole @

tree ole< hile young o"en are resonsible for the garlands<
collecting donations and other decorations! 6ith roots in
:er"anic aganis"< the "ayole traditionally aears in "ost
:er"anic countries!
$n :reece eole do the maypole dance! Mayole is referred as
+ayo#sylo = wxz{|> and it also has a hallic sy"bolis"!
/he Mayole "ust also be considered an androgynous sy"bol!
/o "ay =:er"an( maien> srcinally indicates to ma#e love and
the "ayole is an ancient "arriage-sy"bol for Ioining a
malefemale$couple! /he erected and toering ole sy"boliAes
the "ale ele"ent in this union! /he large circular reaths
reresent the fe"ale ele"ent< hich "ust be considered to be
the stabiliAing and assive ole =the ,-rings< resectively the
KGouK in the union>!
Most "ayoles reveal an uer half-ole ="ale sy"bol>
co"letely hidden inside a covering yoni =fe"ale sy"bol><
hich "ay be considered as a erfect sy"bol for a unified
coule! /he :er"ans called the nightti"e folloing the first
May the KFreinacht K H Kmai$night K< or the Klovers night K!
#t a distance "odern "ayoles "ay often be do"inated by the
ego-KcentredK "ale ele"ent< but if you are able to read the
story you ill be able to identify the truly androgynous
religious sy"bolis"< hich in :er"any "ay have been
devoted to the androgynous creator :od /uisco!
$n ancient "anuscrits bishos co"lain the barbaric scenes of
agan eole and reort ho they are trying to relace these
rites by ;hristian habits! 5ach year the cults are still being
activated as the so-called 4alpurgis-rites in hich young
eole are having fun in the night-ti"e!
+0

The +;ed-pillar as an androgynous sybol
$n analogy to the Mayole the 5gytian DIed-illar is a
fertility-sy"bol and a hallic sy"bol as ell! 6ell .non in
ancient 5gyt it "ay have been srcinated fro" a ayrusbundle
in hich a "an had been sacrificed =by fastening and
beating to death> at the end of the harvest eriod ++0 !
Fig' =60 D8ed$pillar
++0( :ehei"lehre by 6ill-5rich Peuc.ert< age 0+< 'i.ol =+944>< $%&' 3-
933203--X!
++

&asically the DIed-illar =ith itEs "ale illar and itEs fe"ale
ring-sy"bols> is @uite si"ilar to the "ayole< esecially if e
consider the folloing 6i.iedia-entry for DIed(
2!he D8ed symbol is a pillar$li#e ancient Egyptian
symbol representing stability' t has been interpreted as
the bac#bone of the Egyptian god &siris. especially in
the form "anebd8edet @the ba of the lord of the D8edetB'
D8edu is the Egyptian name for "usiris. a centre of the
cult of &siris' During the ,ene%al Festival. the d8ed
%ould be ceremonially raised as a phallic symbol
symbolising the :potency and duration of the pharaohs
rule:' t has been compared to the Sumerian concept of
temen' !he hieroglyph for :d8ed: may have given rise to
the letter Same#h5'
The ?eed-fire or 0ild-fire
'eed-fire or 6ild-fire =:er! -otfeuer < ,! :er! nodfyr >< is a ter"
used in fol.lore to denote a curious suerstition hich survived
in the %cottish ?ighlands until a recent date! Li.e the firechurning
still custo"ary in $ndia for .indling the sacrificial
fire< the need- or ild-fire is "ade by the friction of one iece
of ood on another< or of a roe uon a sta.e!
#ccording to one account< in the ?ighlands of %cotland the
rule that all co""on fires "ust be reviously e)tinguished
alied only to the houses situated beteen the to nearest
running strea"s +++ !
+++( elly< Curiosities of udo$European !radition and Fol#lore< ! 3 se@!
+2

$n ;aithness the "en ho .indled the need-fire had reviously
to divest the"selves of all "etal! $n so"e of the ?ebrides the
"en ho "ade the fire had to be eighty-one in nu"ber and all
"arried!
$n the ?alberstadt district in :er"any< the roe hich as
ound round the sta.e< "ust be ulled by to chaste boysQ
hile at 6olfenb]ttel< contrary to usual custo"< it is said that
the need-fire had to be struc. out of the cold anvil by the s"ith!
$n 5ngland the need-fire is said to have been lit at &irtley
ithin the last half of the +4th century! /he suerstition had its
srcin in the early ideas of the urifying nature of fire!
$n &ulgaria even s"o.ing during need-fire is forbidden! /o
na.ed "en roduce the fire by rubbing dry branches together in
the forest< and ith the fla"e they light to fires< one on each
side of a cross-road haunted by olves! /he cattle ill then be
driven beteen the to fires< fro" hich gloing e"bers are
ta.en to re.indle the cold hearths in the houses ++2 !
Jacob :ri"" docu"ents the 'eed-fire ++3 as follos(
7/o .indle a fire the #rabs use to ooden ele"ents
March and Aphar < the for"er is male< male the latter female”
and he e)lains in the aendi) to (erman +ythology ++* (
• /he 'uod-ire is "ade by friction of a male and a
female iece of ood!
++2( # %trauss< Die "ulgaren< ! +94
++3( at Page 02-+0 in Deutsche Mythologie under XX! 'otfeuer
++*( at age + in the aendi) to :er"an Mythology under XX! 5le"ents
+3

• $n the Rigveda it ill be churned fro" Arani =re"na
sinosa>
• /he #rabs call the old-fashioned fire-rubbing stic.s
:end and :endet< the first being the upper and male
ele"ent< the second the female or lower
ele"ent with
the hole @@@
• ;hurning a fire by stri.ing steel to a stone is a barbaric
"ethod for "a.ing a fire!
ro" these details e obviously "ay define the %uod-Fire
=fro" S#rt' nuod < churning> or fire-churning as an
androgynous %y"bol!
Fig' =0 )ndrogynous $+arried$ Couple
@&il$painting by oannes ,ichter. =x

(eiling and Un&eiling the *ride
#ndrogynous creator-deities obviously did slit the first
androgynous creature K#da"K into a "an and a o"an!
#ccording to the Bohar they decorated the o"an Kas a brideK<
robably by a veil< and they did lead her in front of the "an<
face to face< eyes to eyes!!!
)nd ho% did the )lmighty reactU He did sa% the man
and too# the female part from him. as has been %ritten
do%n0 2and He too# one of his ribs5 @/' +oses

#ndrogynous creation legends =PlatoEs %y"osiu" and the
BoharEs legend> generally clai" the "ale and the fe"ale halves
of the first-born androgynous creature called K"anK had been
unable to see each otherEs faces! /hey felt lonely although they
had been lin.ed together and in an idea of co"assion the
?ebre :od decided to slit the"! Plato hoever clai"s Beus
had slit the" in fear for too "uch oer!!!
5ither ay the ;reator-:od had to searate their s.ulls and
corses by slitting the androgynous "an7-unity =K#da"K>
and leading the fe"ale half =the Korna"entedK bride> in front of
the "ale half =the groo">! ace-to-face they ere alloed to
see each other for the very first ti"e! /he legend see"s to
sy"boliAe a "arriage in hich the bride is Kto be unveiledK at
the edding cere"ony!
/he lifting of the veil as often a art of ancient edding
ritual! $n "any cultures< the lifting of the edding veil
sy"boliAed the groo" ta.ing ossession of the ife< either as
lover or as roerty< or the revelation of the bride to the groo"
by her arents for aroval! $n androgynous religion lifting the
veil sy"boliAed the first creation of "an by slitting and reuniting
the "ale and fe"ale artners to divine-li.e oneness in a
edding-cere"ony by a ;reator-:od in :enesis!
/he ancient androgynous religion considered a single
individual "ale or fe"ale erson as inco"lete halves of
K"anK! #s a "arital coule the individual ersons at
consu""ation ould be transfor"ed to androgynous "an as
an i"age of the androgynous creator-god! Matri"ony "ust be
considered as a reeated act of creating K"anK!
+

5nglish language reserves so"e re"ains of this androgynous
sy"bolis" as the ord K"anK "ay be alied for both "ale
and fe"ale ersons!
Ceiling certainly does not guarantee free choice for artners in
"atri"ony and veiling see"s to have been un.non in 'ordic
societies! /he veiling tradition "ay have been added in later
eras in Mediterranean areas!
+i%orces and $ido$hood
#s in the ;hristian tradition the ancient androgynous religion
ould Iudge a divorce in analogy to the :osel assage< K6hat
therefore :od has Ioined together< let no "an ut asunderK =Mt!
+9(>! $n androgynous religion a divorce "ust have been
considered as a religious catastrohe< in hich the deityEs
i"age of the coule had to be destroyed! or this reason "ost
societies tried to revent a divorce as long as the androgynous
sy"bolis" as idely ac.noledged!
/he clothing orn by the ido = vidua> as a blac. tunic<
bound ith a cingulum tied in a nodus Herculaneus< beneath
the recinium =a s@uare veil ith a purple strie along one edge<
orn by o"en in ti"es of "ourningQ "en ear the pulla< a
dar.-coloured toga>! /he colour purple for a ido indicates
an androgynous sy"bol alloing her to sy"bolically feel
Kunited ith her husbandK!
+

Roan $eddings
6edding veils alays had religious bac.ground< esecially in
the 6est! Ceils had been used in the ancient 6est for eddings
and the Ro"an brides ore an intensely fla"e-coloured =red<
orange or yello> veil< called the flammeum //> !
1liny says the brideEs hairnet as egg-yol. coloured and dyed
ith luteum =it yields a dee yello dye> and that the
fla""eu" as also dyed ith luteumQ hoever< a scholiast on
uvena li.ens the fla""eu" to the brides blush'
/he second "eaning is confir"ed by the eretual earing of
the fla""eu" by the ife of a flamen =a Ro"an riest>< ho
as not alloed by la to divorce< for any reason hatsoever!
/he Li"es-"useu" at #alen< :er"any refers to yello clothes
for the Ro"an brides< hereas the fla""eu"Es colour is said to
have been orange! 5ven today :ree.< #lbanian and #r"enian
brides "ay ear a traditional flammeum!
5ty"ology "ay e)lain another bac.ground of veiling
traditions! $n fact the Latin verb used of the o"an "arrying<
nubo< is related to nubes< a cloud< and "eans literally E veil
myself E! /he idea leads to nupta< a "arried o"an< nova nupta<
a bride< and nuptiae< the edding! /he event turns on the bride
and her veiling! /he veil as oblong< transar ent and "atched
her lutei socci< shoes! /he veil left her face uncovered! %he also
ore an amaracus reath! ?er gon consisted of a tunica
recta< a hite flannel or "usli" tunic that had been "ade on an
old-fashioned uright loo"< and a cingulum< girdle! /here as
a .not at the aist of her dress to avert ill fortune!
++( %ee( 6i.iedia and various other eb-sources
+4

hese details reveal the idea of re-creating and re-uniting to
individuals to the androgynous "an 7#da"8!
Ancient 8ebre$ $eddings
$n ancient Judais" the lifting of the veil too. lace Iust rior to
the consu""ation of the "arriage in se)ual union! /he
uncovering or unveiling that ta.es lace in the "arriage
cere"ony is a sy"bol of hat ill ta.e lace in the "arriage
bed! Just as the to beco"e one through their ords so.en in
edding vos< so these ords are a sign of the hysical
oneness that they ill consu""ate later on! /he lifting of the
veil is a sy"bol and an anticiation of this!
$n the story of Jacob in the ,ld /esta"ent =found in the &oo.
of :enesis>< his father-in-la< Laban< tric.s Jacob into
"arrying the rong o"an! &ecause of the heavily "as.ed
veil that as not raised until after the union as co"lete<
Jacob "arried the older and ho"elier Leah instead of the
young and beautiful Rachel! Rachel as his one true love< and
the deceit resulted in Jacob eventually having both as his
ives! /he story also resulted in the Jeish ractice here a
groo" loers the veil before the cere"ony and lifts the veil
before the .iss! /his ractice is .non as "ede#en //? !

The missionary position
/he "issionary osition is a "ale-suerior ="an on to> se)
osition in hich the o"an lies on her bac. and the artners
face each other! /he "issionary osition as advocated by
/ho"as #@uinas and other authorities in "edieval 5uroe! $t
aears in ancient artor. of the Ro"ans< Peruvians< $ndians<
;hinese and Jaanese! # co""on "yth states that the ter"
Kmissionary positionK arose in resonse to ;hristian
"issionaries< ho taught that the osition as the only roer
ay to engage in se)ual intercourse! ?oever the Kmissionary
positionK "ay very ell refer to androgynous religion and
androgynous creation legends!
ace-to-face-se) =in the "issionary osition> "ust have been a
uni@ue hu"an attribute in ancient ti"e! 6ith the e)cetion of a
air of ;ongolese gorillas observed doing so< &onobos ere
thought to be the only non-hu"an aes to have been observed
engaging in "issionary osition resectively face-to-face
genital se)! &onobos -to be discovered by 5rnst %charA in
+924- have been un.non in ancient eras!
$n ancient eras "an "ust have been considered the only secies
to be able to .ee eye-contact during coulation and it is @uite
nor"al to find a reference to the eye-contacts in creationlegends
such as :enesis! 5ye-contacts lay an i"ortant role in
rearation-hases< e!g! etting and engaging!
6hat do e observe in the eye-contact to artnersW 6e "ay
identify the pupilla< hich is a s"all i"aginary i"age in the
otherEs eyes! /he ord uil has been derived fro" K pupillaK< a
orhan-girl< robably already available as the :ree. ord Kore
=K:irl< darling< K the apple of my eye K> and e@uivalent ancient
old-5gytian ords! /raditionally Kthe apple of my eye K is the
+0

dearest ossession for hu"an beings! or "ost arents K the
apple of my eye K is a child and the K pupillaK "ay very ell
refer to the tiny< biblical female uet< hich "ay have been
observed by the first< nely created bride hile loo.ing into
the eyes of her nely created "atri"onial artner!
++

+2

1- Linguistic istic Traces of Duality
Linguistic traces of duality in 5nglish Language "ay be
reduced to a set of religious concets< hich have been derived
fro" androgynous sy"bolis" in early religion!
Dual is a gra""atical nu"ber that so"e languages use in
addition to singular and lural and "ay be referred for any
obIects to be used in airs or coules( for e)a"le a air of
shoes< or a "atri"onial coule!
#lthough relatively fe languages have the dual nu"ber and
"ost have no nu"ber or only singular and lural< using
different ords for grous of to and grous greater than to
is not unco""on! 5nglish has ords distinguishing
versus plural nu"ber< including( bothHall< beteenHa"ong<
latterHlast< eitherHany< and neitherHnone!
dual
#"ong living languages< Modern %tandard #rabic has a
"andatory dual nu"ber< "ar.ed on nouns< verbs< adIectives
and ronouns ++ !
Dual is an ancient relict fro" the ast< vanishing fro" all
languages as soon as the re"inders of religious sy"bolis" are
e)tinct! /races of dualis" reveal the old religious concets
referring to "atri"ony and androgynous fertility-rites! /he
basic concet see"s to have been a strong interconnection
beteen "an and o"an< sy"boliAing a "atri"onial tie!
++( irst-erson dual for"s< hoever< do not e)istQ co"are this to the lac.
of third-erson dual for"s in the old :er"anic languages =%ource(
6i.iedia>
+3

List of 5nglish ord-e)a"les in alhabetic order referring to
duality(
• "ouple
fro" Lat! co$apere Z to IoinQ
co""only used to indicate a "atri"onial coule
also referring to copula Z that hich connects< a lin.
• +utch and +uitsch B &eranC
referring to diutisc Z eoleEs language and robably
also referring to the ancient creator-god /uisco
• Ent$ine
/o t%ine together or round! %ee tine!
• Pair synonys1 couple' t$osoeC
/o ersons united< as by "arriage!
•
Tuesday
k#%! /iesd_g or /uiscoEs Day ++4 !
• Tuisco
#ncient androgynous =-T ?er"ahroditic and bi-faced>
:er"an creator-god< robably bi-faced li.e a Ro"an
?er"es or ?er"es of Ro@ueertuse< also referring to
?er"ahrodite! ?er"ahroditus is a son of ?er"es and
#hrodite< ho hile bathing beca"e Ioined in one
body ith a ny"h! ++9
• T$ice
/he ord t%ice =to ti"es or doubly> is a secial -dualversion!
++4( %ource( fro" /ho"as ;lar.sonEs # Portraiture of Fua.eris"!
++9( %ource(6ebsterEs 'e ;ollege Dictionary!
+*

• T$ig
# s"all shoot or branch< to be generated at a branching
osition =splitting in t%o elements>!
• T$ilight
/he transition beteen both dar.ness and bright
daylight! /he absence of light =dar.ness> is a fe"ale
sy"bol contrasting to bright daylight as an active< "ale
sy"bol! /he tilight is a holy transition oint Ioining
both "ale and fe"ale ele"ents!
/he !%ilight of the (ods is the ,agnaro#!
!%ilight sleep is a condition of subconsciousness or
anestesia!
• T$in
/o children being born at the sa"e birthQ
the ord t%in is a secial -dual-version!
• T$ine
#n e)tre"ely strong thread of basically to strands
t%isted together ! /ining used to be a religious sy"bol
for "atri"ony< hich "ay be considered as a religious
act toards eternity! 1sing "ore than to strands in a
thread is co""on ractice< but does not refer to the
basic religious concet! /ining is being @uoted in the
&ible as &yssus and is found in a ;eltic burial to"b at
?ochdorf near %tuttgart! &oth tining "ethods in
?ochdorf and in the &ible are referring to using the
thread colours blue and red< hich indicate
androgynous sy"bolis" in a "ale sy"bolic colour blue
and a fe"ale colour red!
+

• T$inkle
/o oen and close raidly! /o shine ith an inter"ittent
light =alternating both dar. and bright>
• T$ist or t$irlC
&asically tisting is the rocess of tining< in hich
to strands are to be drilled to for" a strong thread!
/ining and tisting used to be a sy"bol for
"atri"ony< hich "ay be considered as a religious act
toards eternity!
• T$o
/o "ay correlate to tining to sy"boliAe both strands
in a thread!
+

D4 Psycho
choanalysis
and Andr
drogyny
$n the K /he #rt of Loving K the sychoanalyst 5rich ro""
docu"ents several for"s of love =arental love< erotic love<
etc!> and their influence on hu"an behaviour!
%ound "aternal love is an unconditional affection and care of a
"other to her baby in hich the "other convinces her child to
love being alive! ;haracteristically the child cannot earn
"aternal love!
,n the other hand the childEs father reresents the orld of
thoughts< the orld of las< order and disciline! /he fatherEs
Iob is to guide the child on its road into "ature life! $n contrast
to "aternal love the child ill have to earn aternal love by
obedience!
&oth loving to be alive and disciline ill have to be
e)erienced for a sound hu"an being! $n the end a "ature
erson ill have reached the oint to reresent her or his on
"other and father! $n fact "ature ersons relace their e)ternal
father and "other by internal sy"bols roviding the"selves
ith "aternal and aternal conscience! ;reating a "aternal
lin.< sitching fro" "aternal to aternal relations and
synthesiAing these to a co"bined arental conscience is a
funda"ental rocess to acco"lish a sound siritual "aturity!
#ny disturbance in synthesis "ay cause neurotic sy"to"s
and diseases!
5rich ro"" describes the analogy beteen evolving religions
and "aturing hu"an beings! $n an early hase a "aternal deity
develos according to the childEs "other< folloed by a
aternal god corresonding to the childEs father! $n the end
"aturity ill be achieved by synthesiAing both arents!
+

hese internally synthesiAed arents obviously corresond to
an androgynous deity! Maternal and aternal religions see" to
be reresenting develoing stages in a riening society<
hereas androgynous religion reresents a "ature hu"an
structure! #t this stage the revolutionary relace"ent of a
for"er androgynous religion by "odern aternal religions
cannot be understood!
+4

1 "odern androgynou
ynous sy(bolis(
Fig' =;0 )ndrogynous face by +arc Chagall
/he #lbertina "useu" e)osed a lithograhic ainting +20 na"e
David Y "ethsabe created by +arc Chagall in +9!
+20( Marc ;hagall =+44-+94>
+9

Marc ;hagall =+44-+94> clearly used the sy"bolic colours
red and blue to identify the fe"ale and "ale erson! ?oever
it re"ains unclear hether red is a fe"ale and blue is a "ale
sy"bol! #ccording to the arrange"ent in the ainting ;hagall
robably alied the standard "odern convention in hich the
red colour reresents fe"ale sy"bolis" and blue reresents the
"ale sy"bolis"!
/he folloing contribution of an androgynous face has been
created 2003 by the author for an e)hibition!
Fig' *0 )ndrogynous face @painting ' ,ichter.

2 Overvie e of $ndrogynous
+y(bols
# great nu"ber of sy"bols =in the colours red< blue and urle<
May-oles and illars< tining technology< ety"ological
ele"ents and traditions> has been listed in an overvie of
androgynous sy"bols! /he list i"lies(
• 5gytian .ings and Pharaohs have been earing
crons< "ainly using the colours red. %hite and blue in
co"bination ith gold =yello>!
• /he DIed-illar as a an ancient e@uivalent fertilitysy"bol
of the May-ole!
• /he androgynous version of the %eal of %olo"on
consists of the interoven triangle-sy"bols = a "ale +2+
and a fe"ale +22 ele"ent>!
Fig' */0 Seal of Solomon
+2+( &lue triangle ointing uard ="ale ele"ent>
+22( Red triangle ointing donard =fe"ale ele"ent>
+4+

• /he ?ebre ;ovenant-tent "ay be described as
coloured in co"binations of red and blue and urle
and alying tining as a "ethod for intensely<
sy"bolic eaving the red and blue!
• %olo"onEs te"le contained a veil of blue< and urle<
and cri"son< and fine linen!
• $n the Jeish %ehiroth e find a general basic rule(
the left KPillar of %everityK is red Z fe"ale and the right
KPillar of MercyK is blue Z "ale hereas the central
KPillar of MildnessK is urle Z neutral< resectively
androgynous!
• #ccording to investigations at the &ritish Museu" in
London the ParthenonEs fries and other te"les in the
Mediterranean area srcinally "ust have been ainted
in red. %hite and blue!
• #ll &ritish eoles see" to have referred blue as the
"ale colour for "anifesting the arriors +23 !
• $n ?ochdorf near %tuttgart =:er"any> a ;eltic grave
=dated 00 b! ;!> reveals a ;eltic K.ingK earing a robe
of e)tre"ely fine oven< tined linen! /he coat loo.s
li.e a single colour purple< but has been oven in the
colour co"bination red and blue to sy"boliAe so"e
religious idea!
• $n ety"ology the Dual "ay be a re"nant for
androgynous sy"bolis"!
• Ceiling traditions see" to referred colouring for the
fe"ale sy"bolis"! Ceiling traditions are still
sy"boliAing the ancient androgynous creation-legends!
+23( source( ;aesarEs De &ello :allico< boo. C =* b! ;!>
+42

• /he K"issionary ositionK "ay very ell refer to
androgynous religion and to androgynous creation
legends!
• /he 'eed-fire and the May-ole are androgynousreligious<
sy"bolic and fertiliAing tools for generating
life!
• /he Dutch banner !ricolours first aearing in +2 as
the PrinceEs lag in orange%hiteblue!
• GinHGang-sy"bols "ay be ainted inorange$red
=earthHfe"ale> and a3ure$blue =s.yH"ale>!
• /he Dutch good-bye greeting 7 Doei8 see"s to be a
re"nant to the ancient androgynous religion near the
Loer Rhine valley< centring around the /uiscoburgs
beteen Doesburg and &onn =Doesburg-'etherlands
and Duisburg< DeutA and Duisdorf-&onn in :er"any>!
• ?eraldic signs for the ?ansa-trading co"anies have
been ainted in red. %hite and blue!
+43

Fig' *=0 Heraldic sign $Hanse$
trading$era
Fig' *

21 Credits in for this +tudy
%tudying androgynous sy"bolis" reveals an overhel"ing
nu"ber of orldide ele"ents referring to androgynous
deities! #ndrogynous scultures "ay be dated bac. to as early
as 22 and $
ended u at finding a global androgynous
Dyæus'
Celestial (od.
Most of the results of this study =e!g! the colouring and tining
coding and the sy"bolis" in the ronouns and divine na"es>
have been ublished +2* reviously in 200!
# "aIor brea.through hoever has been oered by the
e)cellent overvie of "ulti-frons- and ?er"ahroditescultures
at the ebsites Paleolithic #rt MagaAine +2 and /he
Museu" of ,rigin of Man +2
+2*( in :er"an language in KDer &renner /1$%; ;ode)K
by Joannes Richter =200>
+2( rovided and "anaged by Licia ilingeri
+2( rovided and "anaged by Pietro :aietto!
+4

+4

22 Conc
nclusion
/o "e this reort does not leave any doubt in the discussion of
androgynous sy"bolis" in the ancient colouring codes for
urle< red blue! 1nclarity re"ains at the e)act genderdefinition
for the "ale and fe"ale sy"bols!
/he colouring codes for the gar"ents in ancient oil aintings
see"s to be folloing the ealthy decorations in the "edieval
codices< hich "ainly consist of &ibles! ro" the intensity of
the decorations e robably "ay identify the boo. :enesis as
the "ost i"ortant art of the &ible to the "edieval religious
leaders +2 ! /he "ost i"ortant identifying religious sy"bols
are the colours red and blue< robably sy"boliAing the
androgynous ele"ents in ancient religions! /he biblical
decorations clearly follo the divine co""ands as stated in the
boo. 5)odus for the gar"ents of the earliest Jeish ;ovenantsanctuaries!
#ndrogynous religion is to be considered as the redecessor for
"ost "odern religions! ro" scultures e "ay read a
resectable age for androgynous religion and several ancient
androgynous scultures are aged ell over 20

# considerable nu"ber of these bi-olar na"es is found in the
$ndo-5uroean languages< but it is not restricted to these and
the list includes the ?ebre title HAH as ell!
&iolarity "ay be identified by the characters 1 and $< hich
refer to the fe"inine =1>< resectively "ale =$> religious
ele"ents! /he basic characters 1 and $ are still being used for
generating the roto-ronouns =KyouK< K$K and KeK> in the
#nglo-%a)on languages! 5ty"ologists identify these ronouns
as the "ost i"ortant ords in any language!
&iolarity "ay also be identified by the basic colours red< blue
and urle< hich ill be traced in the biblical &oo.s 5)odus
and ;hronicles in :odEs orders for the riestEs clothings and the
construction of the te"le!
#ccording to a nu"ber of divine co""ands in the &oo.
5)odus and the second &oo. of ;hronicles the colours 1urple.
,ed and "lue "ust have been religious sy"bols for a very long
ti"e! Reorted findings at ?ochdorf< :er"any indicate the
sy"bolis" "ay have been shared or adoted by the
neighbouring eoles =5gytian< ;eltic and :er"an eoles<
:ree.s and Ro"ans>!
$n the +iddle )ges Purle< Red and &lue layed a "aIor role in
orna"entations and sy"bolis" in the &ible< in religious
aintings and in non-religious boo.s such as DanteEs Divina
Commedia! ro" these "anuscrits the sy"bolis" "ay have
assed to the gar"ents of the rench .ings and robably other
aristocrats as ell!
%ubse@uently the sy"bolic colours red and blue transferred to
the flags and banners of a great nu"ber of organisations =e!g!
the ree"asons> and nations =the 1%#< Russia< 5ngland<
rance< the 'etherlands< the Philiines>!
+44

,riental iconic aintings "ay still be folloing the srcinal
colour code)< but "edieval synodical congregations alloed
occidental ainters to deviate fro" the standard colour code) to
create religious aintings according to their on artistic
feelings!
/he coding by the basic colours urle< red and blue is to be
identified in the burial findings at the ;eltic burial site of
?ochdorf in :er"any< in hich the clothing reveals a hightechnology
in tining toels ith red resectively blue threads
at an e)tre"ely high density of 40 threads H c"!
/he coding in alying the basic colours urle< red and blue is
still being used for conte"orary i"erial =urle><
resectively fe"ale =rosa-red> and "ale =blue> sy"bols!
#lthough androgynous religion "ust have been a co""on<
orldide tradition for thousands of years it see"s to have
been lost around 30 centuries ago at the introduction of riting!
5li"ination of the fe"inine co"onent in androgynous
religion disruted the carefully balanced e@uality of "an and
o"an< causing a "assive loss of identity for the fe"ale half
of the oulation! /he balance beteen "an and o"an "ay
only be restored after understanding< acceting and restoring
the ancient< androgynous roots of religions!
%tudying the origins of religion changed "y vieoint to
religion! /he "agnificent influence of a 2

early eoles considered each individual hu"an being as half a
"an< ho had to be co"leted by a "atri"onial artner to
transfor" hi"self resectively herself to the divine i"age!
/he ancient cultures encoded these ideas into the ersonal
ronouns =1 and $ and 1$ > and into the colouring and tining
syste" as described in the boo.s 5)odus and ;hronicles! /his
old hilosohy ensures a beautiful har"ony beteen the "ale
and fe"ale halves of "an.ind revealing erfect har"ony!
+90

2! $ppend
endices :+u((
u((aries;
,ppendi. I - "istorical )&er&iew
!' b@ "@1 sculpture found at &agarino' )kraine
# nu"ber of dual-headed scultures has been found in
alaeolithic e)cavations in southern rance< 'orthern $taly<
:er"any< 1.rainia and %iberia! /he union of the to heads is
certainly connected to the bi-frontis" of revious eras< hich
continues until the historical and current ages in e@uatorial
#frica!
#ndrogynous 2-headed scultures "ay be very old! # s"all
sculture in ivory of "a""oth =e)tinct hairy elehant> +*!4 c"
high =!2 c" for the fe"ale figurineQ and 9! c" for the "ale
figurine>< found in a Palaeolithic site =evolved :ravettian<
about 2+ at (agarino< 1.raine< is a rare
e)a"le of to hu"an beings Ioined together by the nec.< ith
the hole body! !arassov relates this head-to-head osition to
the adolescent double burial at Sungir < in hich to individuals
ere interred ith the tos of their heads touching!
D' b@ "@1 Sky-&od +yaeus in the PIE-language
/he Paleolithic ;ontinuity /heory esti"ates an earliest
ossible srcin for an 5uroean version of P$5 at the +0th
"illenniu" &;!
+9+

F b@ "@ 1 Proto-+eity in the PIE-language
/he urgan Period =ourth "illenniu" b! ;!> and the ;ordcera"ic
culture =2440 b! ;!-2000 b! ;!> buried their o"en
left-sided and their "ale right-sided inorder to "irror the burial
ositions!
5 b@ "@ 1 Proto-+eity in the PIE-language
,nly to deities belong to basic co""on vocabulary( /he s.y-
ather =Dy_us < Beus< /yr< /i-ather< etc!> and a deity for the
"orning-light! Reresenting an androgynous deity the s.y-
ather "ay be considered as a ri"ary co""on Proto-deity as
early as 3000 b! ;!
6 b@ "@1 #a. al of Tyrus
/he &aE al of /yrus that #hab< .ing of $srael< introduces in the
9th century b! ;! in %a"aria< as a result of his edding ith
$Aebel< daughter of the .ing of %yria = /he ings +! 29
folloings> has been described as Kfour-shaedK by 5ustachius
fro" #ntiochia =aro)i"ately 300 #D>!
40 b@ "@1 I8 and C in the na"e
$?C? resectively G?C? refer to the "ale and fe"ale
ele"ents in sy"bolis"! /he +esha-%tele is notable because it
is thought to be the earliest .non reference to the sacred
?ebre na"e of :od - G?6?! /he inscrition of 3* lines is
ritten in the Moabite language!
+92

$t as set u by Mesha< about 40 &;< as a record and
"e"orial of his victories in his revolt against the ingdo" of
$srael during the reign of .ing #haAiah after the death of
$sraelEs .ing #hab!
05 b@ "@1 The "hieftain.s &ra%e at 8ochdorf
/he sy"bolic coding-syste" of the ;hieftainEs clothing for the
colours urle< red and blue and the tining technology
=e@uivalent to the &iblical &yssus-technology> "ay refer to
androgynous religion!
0 b@ "@1 The Parthenon.s fries
/he Parthenon< a te"le of the :ree. goddess #thena< has
been built in the th century &; on the #thenian #croolis!
/he ParthenonEs fries and other te"les in the Mediterranean
area srcinally "ust have been ainted in red< hite and blue!
/he colours red and blue "ay refer to androgynous religion!
F0 b@ "@1 #ook E/odus
#ccording to tradition< the &oo. Exodus and the other four
&oo.s of the /orah ere ritten by Moses in the latter half of
the 2nd "illenniu" &;! Modern biblical scholarshi sees it
reaching its final te)tual for" around *0 &;! /he sy"bolic
coding-syste" for the colours urle< red and blue and the
tining technology =&yssus> "ay refer to androgynous
religion!
F b@ "@1 The Second #ook of "hronicles
/he sy"bolic coding-syste" for the colours urle< red and
blue and the tining technology =&yssus> in %olo"onEs te"le
"ay refer to androgynous religion!
+93

540 b@ "@1 Syposiu
Plato docu"ents a detailed androgynous creation in his fa"ous
dialogue "an9uet =%y"osiu">!
5 b@ "@1 "eltic art
e"ininity is yin to "asculinityEs yang in hu"an relationshis!
5ven though the rinciles of yin$yang ere used in ;hina in
the fourth or fifth century b! ;< there are no .non references
to the tai8itu there before the eleventh century #D!
?oever< iconograhic for"s si"ilar to the
recorded in 5uroe by the fourth or fifth century #D!< al"ost
seven hundred years earlier than the date of its aearance in
;hina! %y"bols ith a artial rese"blance to the later /aoist
diagra" aeared in ;eltic art fro" the 3rd century b! ;!
onards< shoing grous of leaves searated by an %-shaed
line!
tai8itu ere
/he flag of %outh orea has a hite bac.ground ith a yinyang
sy"bol in blue and red! $n orea< OyinN and OyangN are
referred to as Ou"N and OyangN!
D!F b@ "@1 The 8eres of Ro*uepertuse
/he scultureEs location Ro@ueertuse has been destroyed +2*
b! ;! by ;onsul :aius %e)tius ;alvinus! /he s.ullsE
arrange"ent and a -+0 siAe-relation "ay indicate
androgynous sy"bolis"!
+9*

5 A+1 Pharisees interprete
androgynous Ada
$n e)laining the various vies concerning 5veEs creation< the
Pharisees taught +29 that #da" as created as a "an-o"an
=androgynos>< e)laining the &ible-@uote =:en! i! 2> as K"ale
and fe"aleK instead of K"an and o"an have been devoted to /uisco<
hich "ay indicate a religious central region at the loer
Rhine valley!
D01 Androgynous Ada
Jere"iah ben 5leaAar +32 < a Palestinian scholar of the 2 nd century<
inferred that #da" as created with two faces" one of a man
and one of a woman
< and that :od afterards cleft the"
asunder!
+29( ro" the e%ish Encyclopedia( #da" ad"on = 5r! +4a< :en! R! viii!>
+30( %ubtitle( De srcine et situ :er"anoru" liber
+3+( %ource( Jacob :ri""< :er"an Mythology
+32( $nfo fro" the ebsite( Jeish 5ncycloedia
+9

501 The Talud
$n the /al"ud the idol of Manasse has four faces< hile in the
%yrian K#ocalyses of &aruchK it has five!
61 The Gbruch Idol
/he Bbruch-sculture in the 'ational Museu" in ra.^<
Poland reresents to bearded "ales and to beardless
fe"ales and "ay refer to androgyny!
DD1 Rashi.s &enesis DF-DD0C
7:od created the hu"an being< being both "ale and fe"ale<
hich as subse@uently divided into to beings8 +33 !
DD241 S%ante%it
/he %vantevit te"le at ;a #r.ona has been destroyed in
++4 and the *-headed sculture had to be burnt in the religious
batising festivities at the conversion to the ;hristianity! /he
co"arable *-headed Bbruch idol reveals androgynous
sy"bolis" in 2 fe"ale and 2 "ale figures!
D!F1 "olour coding in edie%al #ibles
Most "edieval &ibles aly colour coding =for urle< red and
blue> in the headlines< initials< gar"ents or bac.grounds of the
"anuscrits!
+33( ;hater! 2
+9

D51 The Gohar
/he Bohar is idely considered the "ost i"ortant or. of
abbalah or Jeish "ysticis"! /he Bohar first aeared in
%ain in the +3th century< and as ublished by a Jeish riter
na"ed +oses de 7eon! /he Bohar describes the
/etragra""atonEs =$?C?> androgynous sy"bolis" in detail<
but "ust be considered to define incorrect androgynous .eys!
D504 The Tricolour of 7rance
During the Middle #ges< these colours ca"e to be associated
ith the reigning house of rance! $n +324< the coat-of-ar"s of
the ?ouse of Calois as blue ith gold fleurs-de-lis bordered
in red! ro" this ti"e on< the .ings of rance ere reresented
in vignettes and "anuscrits earing a red gon under a blue
coat decorated ith gold fleurs-de-lis!
D03!1 The Prince.s 7lag
/he /ricolour of /he 'etherlands is the oldest tricolour< first
aearing in +2 as the PrinceEs lag in orangehiteblue!
/he rench tricolourEs colours red and blue are basing on the
funda"ental colours red and blue of the ;ity of Paris =hich is
an old ;eltic centre>!
D22 Russian tricolour flag
/he hite-blue-red Russian tricolour flag dates bac. to the
+0s hen ;Aar )lexei +i#hailovich ordered shis to fly a
si"ilar banner for identification! ?istorians seculate it "ay
have been insired by the Dutch flag< the oldest re"aining
tricolour national flag< but both tricolours "ay have a co""on
religious base!
+9

D4DF1 D0-starred banner )SAC
/here is so"e evidence the colours red< hite and blue have
been chosen by /e"lars and ree"asons in a great nu"ber of
countries< na"ely ?olland< rance< 5ngland< %cotland and the
1%#! #t the ti"e of defining a banner the leading intelligentsia
in "ost of these countries are .non to have been influenced
by /e"lar-or ree"ason-sy"bolis"!
D4641 7lag of the Philippines
/he flag of the Philiines as officially hoisted for the first
ti"e on +2th of June in +494! $t shos to horiAontal stries in
blue and red ith an isosceles hite triangle on the leech! /he
designing ele"ents of the flag of the Philiines are broadly of
Masonic srcin!
+94

,ppendi. II - ,ndrogynous deities 1 =you> and $
/ui =Parent for
/uisco H /uisto>
/hu and $h
/ui =Parent for
/uisco H /uisto>
1 and $c
rench Dieu Du and Je
$talian Dios /u and io
%anish Dios /u and yo
:ree. Beus =Dy_us >
?ittite
5truscan
Ro"an
?ebre
%ius =%ius-su""a>
/inia =also( /in<
/ins or /ina>
$1-iter
G?C? =fro"(
$h1h -T $1>
#rab d1$ 1$ =K$K>
$ranian
Burvan
!able ?0 &vervie% of )ndrogynous Deities
+3*( in contrast to &lavatA.yEs concet =+444> in /able 3
this overvie includes the deity /uisco
+99

,ppendi. III B 1inks to Google-*ooks
Bohar < &ereshith to Le.h Le.ha =+300> ublished by orgotten
&oo.s< $%&' +00*< 94+00*9
,nline docu"ent - inaccurate descrition of androgynous
abbala by erroneous interretation of the fe"ale sy"bolis"
by clai"ing( 7/he letters yod and he sy"boliAe the father res!
the "other +3 ! /he C in the divine na"e $?C? is the son or
child of $ and ?< the ather and the Mother8 +3 !
Der %ohar ( Das heilige &uch der abbala =ca! +300>
translated by 5rnst M]ller! - Publisher( Diederichs =+994><
$%&' 3*2*0+*< 943*2*0+*0< 3+9 ages!
/his :er"an version of the Bohar is "ore accurate< but
inco"lete!
Phallic 6orshi =+40> by ?odder M! 6estro =+40>
=online> ublished by orgotten &oo.s<
$%&' +0200*3< 94+0200*34< %iAe( +* ages!
Cery s"all boo.let =+* ages> describing an overvie of
1hallic and Jonic orshi!
Phallicis"( ;elestial and /errestrialQ =+44*>
%ubtitle( ?eathen and ;hristian and $ts ;onnection ith the
,osicrucians and the (nostics and ts Foundation in "uddhism
by ?argrave Jennings< essinger Publishing< +44* +99<
$%&' +*9*4< 94+*9*42< 32* ages
5)act and correct e)lanation of the /etragra""atonEs letters
J-5-C-5 or J?C?( /his rocess leaves us the to letters $ and
C =in another for" 1>Q
+3( %ource( Bohar - ;hater
+3( %ource( Bohar - ;hater +2
200

he %ecret Doctrine < Col! + and Col! 2 !
by ?elena Petrovna &lavats.y
Published by orgotten &oo.s< $%&' +00*<
94+00*4 and +020+3+X< 94+020+3+2
,vervie of ancient abbalah =including hallic and
androgynous religions>
Patterns in ;o"arative Religion =+94>
by Mircea 5liade< Rose"ary %heed< John ;! ?olt
Rerinted by( 1 of 'ebras.a Press< +99<
$%&' 04032339< 940403233< *4* ages
Docu"enting a survey of bise)ual H androgynous godheads
/he #rt of Loving +3 =+9> by 5rich ro""!
Publisher( 1llstein< +9
Descrition of the sycho-analytic role for a father and a
"other in a arental coule
$n %earch of the $ndo-5uroeans (
Language< #rchaeology and Myth =+93> by J! P! Mallory
illustrated< rerinted( /ha"es and ?udson< +99+<
$%&' 0002++< 940002+< 244 ages
#rchaeology and Language (
/he PuAAle of $ndo-5uroean ,rigins by ;olin Renfre
5dition( rerint< illustrated by ;1P #rchive< +990<
$%&' 02+34< 9402+343< 34 ages
docu"ents the riorities for ronouns =$< Gou< e> in a P$5-list
=basic core vocabulary> at age ++* in the eb-version of the
"anuscrit!
+3( Die unst des Liebens
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%ubtitle( ]ber die &ernsteinrouten und die teutsche Religion
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$%&' 3430+092< 943430+09< +24 ages
5)laining androgynous religion in a synthesis of alaeolithic
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+34( Deutsche Mythologie
+39( Drachenl`ufer
+*0( Das Runen-6rterbuch - #bsta""ung und &egriffsbildung der `ltesten
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