Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
aviation fuel use did not increase as fast as passenger or freight traffic. Fuel use, CO 2
emissions, and NO x emissions per passenger-kilometer have decreased, but the increase in
total NO x emissions has been larger than the increase in total fuel use. If it is not technologically
possible to reduce all aircraft emissions simultaneously, then some kind of trade-off may be
needed. The relative environmental benefits of further reductions in all emissions need to be
carefully considered; this analysis is one of the underlying aims of this report.
This report covers issues relating both to the atmosphere and to the aviation industry that
address these questions. It is the first such assessment of a single industry and its global
environmental impact. (Issues such as local air quality and ground transportation around airports
are outside its scope, however, and are not discussed.)
The chapter structure and the major relationships between the chapters are depicted
schematically in Figure 1-1. This chapter provides a background for the main part of the report
and indicates where detailed information on each subject can be found. In Section 1.2, the Figure 1-1: Major links between chapters in this report
present-day aviation industry is described. In Section 1.3, aircraft emissions that are most
relevant for climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion are summarized. In Section 1.4,
the use and development of future scenarios are discussed, and in Section 1.5, possible options for mitigating the atmospheric effects of aviation are outlined.
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