Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
Voluntary agreements are also currently being explored as a means of achieving reductions in emissions from the aviation sector. Such agreements have been used in
other sectors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or to enhance sinks.
Measures that can also be considered are removal of subsidies or incentives which would have negative environmental consequences, and research programs.
Substitution by rail and coach could result in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per passenger-km. The scope for this reduction is limited to high density, shorthaul
routes, which could have coach or rail links. Estimates show that up to 10% of the travelers in Europe could be transferred from aircraft to high-speed trains.
Further analysis, including trade-offs between a wide range of environmental effects (e.g., noise exposure, local air quality, and global atmospheric effects) is needed
to explore the potential of substitution.
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