Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
Based on full consideration of mitigation options available to policymakers to influence aviation emissions, if needed, and underlying information requirements, the
main areas that require future research follow:
. Uncertainties over future trends in traffic, technology, and therefore emissions, depending on the scenarios chosen. Factors underlying this uncertainty include
uncertainties about the pace of introduction of CNS/ ATM and the impact of infrastructure constraints in limiting growth in demand. These future projections and
scenarios form the base case against which policy measures are considered.
. The impact of aviation emissions on the environment and the monetary value associated with the benefits of mitigating those impacts. There is uncertainty
about the appropriate level at which any environmental levy should be set.
. The impact of deregulation and subsidies to airlines on fuel consumption and emissions.
. The environmental benefits of ICAO engine emissions stringency standards.
. How the "best available" technology concept used in other sectors might be applied in aviation.
. The impact of various options on encouraging adoption of technological changes.
. The applicability of various market options to the circumstances of countries not included in Annex 1 to the UNFCCC.
. Practical experience with emissions trading at the global level.
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