Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
Particulate Number Emission Index The number of particles generated in the exhaust per kg of fuel burned.
Plume The region behind an aircraft containing the engine exhaust.
Polar Stratospheric Clouds Large, diffuse, ice-particle clouds that form in the stratosphere usually over polar regions.
Polar Vortex In the stratosphere, a strong belt of winds that encircles the South Pole at mean latitudes of approximately 60°S to 70°S. A weaker and considerably
more variable belt of stratospheric winds also encircles the North Pole at high latitudes during the colder months of the year.
Pressure Ratio The ratio of the mean total pressure exiting the compressor to the mean total pressure of the inlet when the engine is developing take-off thrust rating
in ISA sea level static conditions.
Primary Energy The energy that is embodied in resources as they exist in nature (e.g., coal, crude oil, natural gas, uranium, or sunlight); the energy that has not
undergone any sort of conversion.
Radiative Forcing A change in average net radiation (in W m -2 ) at the top of the troposphere resulting from a change in either solar or infrared radiation due to a
change in atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations; perturbance in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation.
Rated Output The maximum thrust available for take-off under normal operating conditions, as approved by the certificating authority.
Relative Humidity The ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air parcel to the saturation pressure (usually over a liquid unless specified otherwise).
Reservoir Molecules Molecules in the atmosphere that bind with atoms or other molecules and prevent them from participating in chemical reactions.
Scavenging The process of removal of gases or small particles in the atmosphere by uptake (condensation, nucleation, impaction, or coagulation) into larger (cloud or
precipitation) particles.
Short-Wave Range The solar spectral range from about 0.3 to 4 mm.
Soot Carbon-containing particles produced as a result of incomplete combustion processes.
Specific Fuel Consumption The fuel flow rate (mass per time) per thrust (force) developed by an engine.
Stakeholders Person or entity holding grants, concessions, or any other type of value which would be affected by a particular action or policy.
Stoichiometric Ratio The fuel-air ratio at which all oxygen is consumed (approximately 0.068).
Stratosphere The stably stratified atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere, at about 10- to 50-km altitude, containing the main ozone layer.
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