Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
Lean Blow Out The fuel-air ratio of a combustion chamber at 'flame out.'
Lean Pre-Mixed Pre-Vaporized Description of principal combustor features.
Life-Cycle Cost The cost of a good or service over its entire lifetime.
Log Normal Function of the form y(x) = (C1/x)*exp(-(lnx-lnx0)**2/C2), where C1, C2, and x0 are constants.
Long-Wave Range The terrestrial spectral radiation range at wavelengths larger about 4 mm.
Low Emissivity A property of materials that hinders or blocks the transmission of a particular band of radiation (e.g., that in the infrared).
Mach Number Speed divided by the local speed of sound.
Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the effects of emissions or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.
NO x Oxides of nitrogen, defined as the sum of the amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with mass calculated as if the NO were in the form of NO 2 .
Nucleation Phase change of a substance to a more condensed state initiated at a certain loci within a less condensed state.
Optical Depth or Optical Thickness The parameter of a transparent layer of gases or particles defined as the logarithm of the ratio between incident and transmitted
radiative flux.
Organic Carbon The carbonaceous fraction of ambient particulate matter consisting of a variety of organic compounds.
Overall Efficiency (h) The ratio between mechanical work delivered by an engine relative to the chemical energy provided from burning a fuel [h = (thrust x speed)/
(specific combustion heat x fuel consumption rate)].
Ozone A gas that is formed naturally in the stratosphere by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen molecules. A molecule of ozone is made of up three atoms of
oxygen.
Ozone Hole A substantial reduction below the naturally occurring concentration of ozone, mainly over Antarctica.
Ozone Layer A layer of ozone gas in the stratosphere that shields the Earth from most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation coming from the Sun.
Particulate Mass Emission Index The number of grams of particulate matter generated in the exhaust per kg of fuel burned.
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