Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
resulted in drastic decreases in emissions of carbon moNO x ide (CO) and unburned
hydrocarbons (HC), though they tend to increase emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ). As a
result, total NO x emissions from aircraft are growing faster than fuel consumption (see Figure 9-
4, from NASA emissions inventories discussed in Section 9.3). A discussion of the technology
required to reduce NO x emissions while continuing to improve engine efficiency appears in
Chapter 7.
Table 9-1: Regional share of total demand.
1970
RPK x
Regional Traffic Flow
109 1995
RPK x 109 1970-95 1970 1995 1970-95
Growth Market Market Change in
Factor Share Share Share
Intra North America 190.897 697.880 3.7 34.6% 27.5% -7.1%
Intra Europe 61.275 317.099 5.2 11.1% 12.5% 1.4%
North America ­ Europe 72.143 277.909 3.9 13.1% 11.0% -2.1%
China Domestic/Intra Asia/Intra
Oceania
10.234 207.405 20.3 1.9% 8.2% 6.3%
North America ­ Asia/Oceania 14.760 188.799 12.8 2.7% 7.4% 4.8%
Europe ­ Asia 6.732 134.343 20.0 1.2% 5.3% 4.1%
Asia ­ India/Africa/Middle East 13.959 115.204 8.3 2.5% 4.5% 2.0%
North America ­ Latin America 16.087 75.538 4.7 2.9% 3.0% 0.1%
Europe ­ Latin America 7.124 73.090 10.3 1.3% 2.9% 1.6%
Domestic Former Soviet Union 75.496 67.603 0.9 13.7% 2.7% -11.0%
Japan Domestic 8.181 61.607 7.5 1.5% 2.4% 0.9%
Europe ­ Africa 18.478 61.045 3.3 3.4% 2.4% -0.9%
Intra/Domestic Latin America 13.432 55.331 4.1 2.4% 2.2% -0.3%
Europe ­ Middle East 9.838 41.224 4.2 1.8% 1.6% -0.2%
Intra/Domestic Middle East ­
Africa
5.065 39.213 7.7 0.9% 1.5% 0.6%
International Former Soviet
Union
3.677 29.508 8.0 0.7% 1.2% 0.5%
Indian Subcontinent ­ Asia/
Middle East/Oceania
3.249 29.500 9.1 0.6% 1.2% 0.6%
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/133.htm (3 von 4)08.05.2008 02:44:15
Figure 9-3: Trend in transport aircraft fuel efficiency.